高精度差分

四、高精度：

1.大整数的存储

2.模拟加法的存储

123+89=212（Ai+Bi+t)

#include <vector>将数组的长度变长

例题

1.高精度减法

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
bool cmp(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)//判断是否有A>=B
{
    if(A.size()!=B.size()) return A.size()>B.size();
    for(int i=A.size()-1;i>=0;i--)
        if(A[i]!=B[i])
            return A[i]>B[i];
    return true;
}
vector<int> sub(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)// C = A - B, 满足A >= B, A >= 0, B >= 0
{
    vector<int> C;
    for (int i = 0, t = 0; i < A.size(); i ++ )
    {
        t = A[i] - t;
        if (i < B.size()) t -= B[i];
        C.push_back((t + 10) % 10);
        if (t < 0) t = 1;
        else t = 0;
    }

    while (C.size() > 1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back();//去掉前面的0
    return C;
}
int main()
{
    string a, b;
    vector<int> A, B;
    cin >> a >> b;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) A.push_back(a[i] - '0');
    for (int i = b.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) B.push_back(b[i] - '0');

    vector<int> C;

    if (cmp(A, B)) C = sub(A, B);
    else C = sub(B, A), cout << '-';

    for (int i = C.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) cout << C[i];
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

2.高精度加法

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

const int base = 1000000000;

vector<int> add(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
    if (A.size() < B.size()) return add(B, A);

    vector<int> C;
    int t = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < A.size(); i ++ )
    {
        t += A[i];
        if (i < B.size()) t += B[i];
        C.push_back(t % base);
        t /= base;
    }

    if (t) C.push_back(t);
    return C;
}

int main()
{
    string a, b;
    vector<int> A, B;
    cin >> a >> b;

    for (int i = a.size() - 1, s = 0, j = 0, t = 1; i >= 0; i -- )
    {
        s += (a[i] - '0') * t;
        j ++, t *= 10;
        if (j == 9 || i == 0)
        {
            A.push_back(s);
            s = j = 0;
            t = 1;
        }
    }
    for (int i = b.size() - 1, s = 0, j = 0, t = 1; i >= 0; i -- )
    {
        s += (b[i] - '0') * t;
        j ++, t *= 10;
        if (j == 9 || i == 0)
        {
            B.push_back(s);
            s = j = 0;
            t = 1;
        }
    }

    auto C = add(A, B);

    cout << C.back();
    for (int i = C.size() - 2; i >= 0; i -- ) printf("%09d", C[i]);
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

五、差分

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
int n, m;
int a[N], b[N];
void insert(int l, int r, int c)
{
    b[l] += c;
    b[r + 1] -= c;
}
int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) insert(i, i, a[i]);
    while (m -- )
    {
        int l, r, c;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &l, &r, &c);
        insert(l, r, c);
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) b[i] += b[i - 1];
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) printf("%d ", b[i]);
    return 0;
}

六、双指针算法

七、区间和与合并

例题

1.区间和

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 300010;

int n, m;
int a[N], s[N];

vector<int> alls;//存入下标容器
vector<PII> add, query;//add增加容器，存入对应下标和增加的值的大小
//query存入需要计算下标区间和的容器
int find(int x)
{
    int l = 0, r = alls.size() - 1;
    while (l < r)//查找大于等于x的最小的值的下标
    {
        int mid = l + r >> 1;
        if (alls[mid] >= x) r = mid;
        else l = mid + 1;
    }
    return r + 1;//因为使用前缀和，其下标要+1可以不考虑边界问题
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ )
    {
        int x, c;
        cin >> x >> c;
        add.push_back({x, c});//存入下标即对应的数值c

        alls.push_back(x);//存入数组下标x=add.first
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++ )
    {
        int l, r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        query.push_back({l, r});//存入要求的区间

        alls.push_back(l);//存入区间左右下标
        alls.push_back(r);
    }

    // 区间去重
    sort(alls.begin(), alls.end());
    alls.erase(unique(alls.begin(), alls.end()), alls.end());

    // 处理插入
    for (auto item : add)
    {
        int x = find(item.first);//将add容器的add.secend值存入数组a[]当中，
        a[x] += item.second;//在去重之后的下标集合alls内寻找对应的下标并添加数值
    }

    // 预处理前缀和
    for (int i = 1; i <= alls.size(); i ++ ) s[i] = s[i - 1] + a[i];

    // 处理询问
    for (auto item : query)
    {
        int l = find(item.first), r = find(item.second);//在下标容器中查找对应的左右两端[l~r]下标，然后通过下标得到前缀和相减再得到区间a[l~r]的和
        cout << s[r] - s[l - 1] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

2.区间和并

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

void merge(vector<PII> &segs)
{
    vector<PII> res;

    sort(segs.begin(), segs.end());

    int st = -2e9, ed = -2e9;
    for (auto seg : segs)
        if (ed < seg.first)
        {
            if (st != -2e9) res.push_back({st, ed});
            st = seg.first, ed = seg.second;
        }
        else ed = max(ed, seg.second);

    if (st != -2e9) res.push_back({st, ed});

    segs = res;
}

int main()
{
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);

    vector<PII> segs;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ )
    {
        int l, r;
        scanf("%d%d", &l, &r);
        segs.push_back({l, r});
    }

    merge(segs);

    cout << segs.size() << endl;

    return 0;
}