Kubernetes学习笔记（四十一）：KodeKloud Mock Exam - 3

Question 1 (12')

Question

Create a new service account with the name pvviewer. Grant this Service account access to list all PersistentVolumes in the cluster by creating an appropriate cluster role called pvviewer-role and ClusterRoleBinding called pvviewer-role-binding.
Next, create a pod called pvviewer with the image: redis and serviceAccount: pvviewer in the default namespace.

Details

• ServiceAccount: pvviewer
• ClusterRole: pvviewer-role
• ClusterRoleBinding: pvviewer-role-binding
• Pod: pvviewer
• Pod configured to use ServiceAccount pvviewer ?

Solution

Pods authenticate to the API Server using ServiceAccounts. If the serviceAccount name is not specified, the default service account for the namespace is used during a pod creation.
Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/

Now, create a service account pvviewer:

kubectl create serviceaccount pvviewer

To create a clusterrole:

kubectl create clusterrole pvviewer-role --resource=persistentvolumes --verb=list

To create a clusterrolebinding:

kubectl create clusterrolebinding pvviewer-role-binding --clusterrole=pvviewer-role --serviceaccount=default:pvviewer

Solution manifest file to create a new pod called pvviewer as follows:

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: pvviewer
  name: pvviewer
spec:
  containers:
  - image: redis
    name: pvviewer
  # Add service account name
  serviceAccountName: pvviewer

Question 2 (12')

Question

List the InternalIP of all nodes of the cluster. Save the result to a file /root/CKA/node_ips.

Answer should be in the format: InternalIP of controlplaneInternalIP of node01 (in a single line)

Solution

Explore the jsonpath loop.
kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].status.addresses[?(@.type=="InternalIP")].address}' > /root/CKA/node_ips

Question 3 (12')

Question

Create a pod called multi-pod with two containers.
Container 1, name: alpha, image: nginx
Container 2: name: beta, image: busybox, command: sleep 4800

Environment Variables:
container 1:
name: alpha

Container 2:
name: beta

Details

• Pod Name: multi-pod
• Container 1: alpha
• Container 2: beta
• Container beta commands set correctly?
• Container 1 Environment Value Set
• Container 2 Environment Value Set

Solution

Solution manifest file to create a multi-container pod multi-pod as follows:

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: multi-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    name: alpha
    env:
    - name: name
      value: alpha
  - image: busybox
    name: beta
    command: ["sleep", "4800"]
    env:
    - name: name
      value: beta

Question 4 (8')

Question

Create a Pod called non-root-pod , image: redis:alpine
runAsUser: 1000
fsGroup: 2000

Details

• Pod non-root-pod fsGroup configured
• Pod non-root-pod runAsUser configured

Solution

Solution manifest file to create a pod called non-root-pod as follows:

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: non-root-pod
spec:
  securityContext:
    runAsUser: 1000
    fsGroup: 2000
  containers:
  - name: non-root-pod
    image: redis:alpine

Verify the user and group IDs by using below command:

kubectl exec -it non-root-pod -- id

Question 5 (14')

Question

We have deployed a new pod called np-test-1 and a service called np-test-service. Incoming connections to this service are not working. Troubleshoot and fix it.
Create NetworkPolicy, by the name ingress-to-nptest that allows incoming connections to the service over port 80.

Important: Don't delete any current objects deployed.

Details

• Important: Don't Alter Existing Objects!
• NetworkPolicy: Applied to All sources (Incoming traffic from all pods)?
• NetWorkPolicy: Correct Port?
• NetWorkPolicy: Applied to correct Pod?

Solution

Solution manifest file to create a network policy ingress-to-nptest as follows:

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: ingress-to-nptest
  namespace: default
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      run: np-test-1
  policyTypes:
  - Ingress
  ingress:
  - ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Question 6 (12')

Question

Taint the worker node node01 to be Unschedulable. Once done, create a pod called dev-redis, image redis:alpine, to ensure workloads are not scheduled to this worker node. Finally, create a new pod called prod-redis and image: redis:alpine with toleration to be scheduled on node01.

key: env_type, value: production, operator: Equal and effect: NoSchedule

Details

• Key = env_type
• Value = production
• Effect = NoSchedule
• pod 'dev-redis' (no tolerations) is not scheduled on node01?
• Create a pod 'prod-redis' to run on node01

Solution

To add taints on the node01 worker node:

kubectl taint node node01 env_type=production:NoSchedule

Now, deploy dev-redis pod and to ensure that workloads are not scheduled to this node01 worker node.

kubectl run dev-redis --image=redis:alpine

To view the node name of recently deployed pod:

kubectl get pods -o wide

Solution manifest file to deploy new pod called prod-redis with toleration to be scheduled on node01 worker node.

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: prod-redis
spec:
  containers:
  - name: prod-redis
    image: redis:alpine
  tolerations:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: env_type
    operator: Equal
    value: production     

To view only prod-redis pod with less details:

kubectl get pods -o wide | grep prod-redis

Question 7 (8')

Question

Create a pod called hr-pod in hr namespace belonging to the production environment and frontend tier .
image: redis:alpine

Use appropriate labels and create all the required objects if it does not exist in the system already.

Details

• hr-pod labeled with environment production?
• hr-pod labeled with tier frontend?

Solution

Create a namespace if it doesn't exist:

kubectl create namespace hr

and then create a hr-pod with given details:

kubectl run hr-pod --image=redis:alpine --namespace=hr --labels=environment=production,tier=frontend

Question 8 (8')

Question

A kubeconfig file called super.kubeconfig has been created under /root/CKA. There is something wrong with the configuration. Troubleshoot and fix it.

Details

• Fix /root/CKA/super.kubeconfig

Solution

Verify host and port for kube-apiserver are correct.
Open the super.kubeconfig in vi editor.
Change the 9999 port to 6443 and run the below command to verify:

kubectl cluster-info --kubeconfig=/root/CKA/super.kubeconfig

Question 9 (14')

Question

We have created a new deployment called nginx-deploy. scale the deployment to 3 replicas. Has the replica's increased? Troubleshoot the issue and fix it.

Details

• deployment has 3 replicas

Solution

Use the command kubectl scale to increase the replica count to 3.

kubectl scale deploy nginx-deploy --replicas=3

The controller-manager is responsible for scaling up pods of a replicaset. If you inspect the control plane components in the kube-system namespace, you will see that the controller-manager is not running.

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

The command running inside the controller-manager pod is incorrect.
After fix all the values in the file and wait for controller-manager pod to restart.
Alternatively, you can run sed command to change all values at once:

sed -i 's/kube-contro1ler-manager/kube-controller-manager/g' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml

This will fix the issues in controller-manager yaml file.
At last, inspect the deployment by using below command:

kubectl get deploy