JavaScript）

语言选择列表看似简单，实际很容易在多个技术栈之间出现分叉：同一种语言用了不同代码、语言名大小写不一致，或者把标准库生成的名称直接当成产品文案。

本文给出一套可落地的跨语言约定，并整理了一份包含 79 项的参考目录。它适用于 Java、C++、C#、JavaScript/TypeScript 等客户端、服务端和工具程序。核心目标是：内部代码稳定、对外接口符合标准、UI 显示一致。

1. 如何理解语言代码

本文示例中的内部语言代码采用：

language_REGION

例如：

en_US：英语 + 美国
pt_BR：葡萄牙语 + 巴西
zh_HK：中文 + 香港

约定如下：

language 使用小写语言子标签，主要依据 IANA Language Subtag Registry。
REGION 使用大写地区子标签，通常对应 ISO 3166-1 两位地区代码，并在 IANA 注册表中登记。
下划线 _ 可以作为应用内部的稳定格式；严格的 BCP 47 写法使用连字符，例如 fil-PH。内部存储与外部接口应明确分层，不要在同一数据域中混用两种格式。
语言代码用于程序识别，显示名称用于 UI 展示，两者必须分别按各自规则维护。

2. 四个容易混淆的代码

原代码	建议写法	调整依据
`iw_IL`	`he_IL`	`iw` 是希伯来语的旧代码，IANA 的首选值是 `he`。
`in_ID`	`id_ID`	`in` 是印度尼西亚语的旧代码，IANA 的首选值是 `id`。
`tl_PH`	`fil_PH`	`tl` 是仍然有效的 Tagalog 代码，并非废弃代码；当名称和产品语义是 Filipino 时才应使用 `fil`。
`my_ZG`	`my_MM`	如果原意是“缅甸语 + 缅甸地区”，应使用已注册地区代码 `MM`；`ZG` 不是地区子标签。若 `ZG` 原本指 Zawgyi 编码，则应把编码方式建模为独立字段，不能用地区位代替。

如果现有数据没有兼容负担，建议直接使用建议写法，不再保留旧代码别名。如果已经存在历史配置、数据库记录或外部调用方，则应先完成数据迁移，并在明确的过渡期内提供兼容映射。

需要注意，第三方翻译 API 可能仍要求 tl 等自定义参数。这类值属于供应商接口映射，不应反向替代应用内部使用的 fil_PH。

3. 显示名称规则

每项语言包含两个显示名称：

中文名称：供中文界面或管理场景使用。
本地名称：使用该语言自身的文字和常见自称形式。

统一规则：

以 Unicode CLDR 的现代语言名称和地区名称为主要参考。
同一语言存在多个地区版本时，在名称中明确地区，例如 English (United States)、Français (Canada)。
独立出现在语言选择列表中的名称，统一采用适合 UI 标签的首字母形式，例如 Magyar、Italiano (Italia)。
语言学上，匈牙利语 magyar、意大利语 lingua italiana 在普通句子中使用小写可以成立；但产品语言列表需要一致、明确且便于区分地区版本，因此本文采用规范表中的 UI 写法。
不把英文翻译冒充本地名称，也不混用语言名、国名和形容词。
乌兹别克语在本文参考目录中使用西里尔字母名称 Ўзбекча；如果产品采用拉丁字母版本，应在自己的语言资源策略中明确选择，避免两种写法随机出现。

4. 参考语言目录

代码	中文名称	本地名称
`zh_CN`	简体中文	简体中文
`zh_TW`	繁体中文（台湾）	繁體中文（台灣）
`zh_HK`	繁体中文（香港）	繁體中文（香港）
`nl_NL`	荷兰语	Nederlands (Nederland)
`nl_BE`	荷兰语(比利时)	Nederlands (België)
`en_US`	英语(美国)	English (United States)
`en_AU`	英语(澳大利亚)	English (Australia)
`en_CA`	英语(加拿大)	English (Canada)
`en_IN`	英语(印度)	English (India)
`en_IE`	英语(爱尔兰)	English (Ireland)
`en_NZ`	英语(新西兰)	English (New Zealand)
`en_SG`	英语(新加坡)	English (Singapore)
`en_ZA`	英语(南非)	English (South Africa)
`en_GB`	英语(英国)	English (United Kingdom)
`fr_FR`	法语	Français (France)
`fr_BE`	法语(比利时)	Français (Belgique)
`fr_CA`	法语(加拿大)	Français (Canada)
`fr_CH`	法语(瑞士)	Français (Suisse)
`de_DE`	德语	Deutsch (Deutschland)
`de_LI`	德语(列支敦斯登)	Deutsch (Liechtenstein)
`de_AT`	德语(奥地利)	Deutsch (Österreich)
`de_CH`	德语(瑞士)	Deutsch (Schweiz)
`it_IT`	意大利语	Italiano (Italia)
`it_CH`	意大利语(瑞士)	Italiano (Svizzera)
`pt_BR`	葡萄牙语(巴西)	Português (Brasil)
`pt_PT`	葡萄牙语	Português (Portugal)
`es_ES`	西班牙语	Español (España)
`es_US`	西班牙语(美国)	Español (Estados Unidos)
`bn_BD`	孟加拉语	বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)
`bn_IN`	孟加拉语(印度)	বাংলা (ভারত)
`hr_HR`	克罗地亚语	Hrvatski
`cs_CZ`	捷克语	Čeština
`da_DK`	丹麦语	Dansk
`el_GR`	希腊语	Ελληνικά
`he_IL`	希伯来语(以色列)	עברית
`hi_IN`	印地语	हिन्दी
`hu_HU`	匈牙利语	Magyar
`id_ID`	印度尼西亚语	Bahasa Indonesia
`ja_JP`	日语	日本語
`ko_KR`	韩语	한국어
`ms_MY`	马来语	Melayu
`fa_IR`	波斯语	فارسی
`pl_PL`	波兰语	Polski
`ro_RO`	罗马尼亚语	Română
`ru_RU`	俄语	Русский
`sr_RS`	塞尔维亚语	Српски
`sv_SE`	瑞典语	Svenska
`th_TH`	泰语	ไทย
`tr_TR`	土耳其语	Türkçe
`ur_PK`	乌尔都语	اردو
`vi_VN`	越南语	Tiếng Việt
`ca_ES`	加泰罗尼亚语(西班牙)	Català
`lv_LV`	拉脱维亚语	Latviešu
`lt_LT`	立陶宛语	Lietuvių
`nb_NO`	书面挪威语	Norsk bokmål
`sk_SK`	斯洛伐克语	Slovenčina
`sl_SI`	斯洛文尼亚语	Slovenščina
`bg_BG`	保加利亚语	Български
`uk_UA`	乌克兰语	Українська
`fil_PH`	菲律宾语	Filipino
`fi_FI`	芬兰语	Suomi
`af_ZA`	南非荷兰语	Afrikaans
`rm_CH`	罗曼什语(瑞士)	Rumantsch
`km_KH`	高棉语	ខ្មែរ
`my_MM`	缅甸语	မြန်မာ
`am_ET`	阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚)	አማርኛ
`be_BY`	白俄罗斯语	Беларуская
`et_EE`	爱沙尼亚语	Eesti
`sw_TZ`	斯瓦希里语(坦桑尼亚)	Kiswahili
`zu_ZA`	祖鲁语(南非)	IsiZulu
`az_AZ`	阿塞拜疆语	Azərbaycan
`hy_AM`	亚美尼亚语(亚美尼亚)	Հայերեն
`ka_GE`	格鲁吉亚语(格鲁吉亚)	ქართული
`lo_LA`	老挝语(老挝)	ລາວ
`mn_MN`	蒙古语	Монгол
`ne_NP`	尼泊尔语	नेपाली
`kk_KZ`	哈萨克语	Қазақ тілі
`si_LK`	僧伽罗语(斯里兰卡)	සිංහල
`uz_UZ`	乌兹别克语	Ўзбекча

5. 可直接复制的完整代码

下面的 JSON、Java、C++、C# 和 JavaScript/TypeScript 示例都包含第 4 节的完整 79 项，字段、内容和顺序保持一致。读者只需选择自己的技术栈并整段复制，不需要再从 Markdown 表格逐条转换。

所有实现都遵守同一数据契约：

字段	含义	示例
`code`	应用内部稳定代码	`fil_PH`
`zhName`	中文显示名称	菲律宾语
`nativeName`	本地语言显示名称	Filipino

共同边界规则：

配置文件、数据库、文件名和系统间通信保存 language_REGION，例如 fil_PH。
调用要求 BCP 47 的标准库或 Web API 时，在调用边界将 _ 转为 -，例如 fil_PH → fil-PH。
不要把整个代码统一转为大写或小写；语言部分小写，地区部分大写。
UI 直接使用目录中的 zhName 或 nativeName，不要依赖不同版本的操作系统、JDK、浏览器或 .NET 动态生成产品名称。
第三方翻译 API 的语言参数维护独立映射，不要反向污染应用内部代码。
源码、JSON、数据库和网络传输统一使用 Unicode；新数据文件优先使用 UTF-8。

5.1 JSON

可将下面的内容直接保存为 language-catalog.json，作为不同技术栈共享的真值源：

[
  { "code": "zh_CN", "zhName": "简体中文", "nativeName": "简体中文" },
  { "code": "zh_TW", "zhName": "繁体中文（台湾）", "nativeName": "繁體中文（台灣）" },
  { "code": "zh_HK", "zhName": "繁体中文（香港）", "nativeName": "繁體中文（香港）" },
  { "code": "nl_NL", "zhName": "荷兰语", "nativeName": "Nederlands (Nederland)" },
  { "code": "nl_BE", "zhName": "荷兰语(比利时)", "nativeName": "Nederlands (België)" },
  { "code": "en_US", "zhName": "英语(美国)", "nativeName": "English (United States)" },
  { "code": "en_AU", "zhName": "英语(澳大利亚)", "nativeName": "English (Australia)" },
  { "code": "en_CA", "zhName": "英语(加拿大)", "nativeName": "English (Canada)" },
  { "code": "en_IN", "zhName": "英语(印度)", "nativeName": "English (India)" },
  { "code": "en_IE", "zhName": "英语(爱尔兰)", "nativeName": "English (Ireland)" },
  { "code": "en_NZ", "zhName": "英语(新西兰)", "nativeName": "English (New Zealand)" },
  { "code": "en_SG", "zhName": "英语(新加坡)", "nativeName": "English (Singapore)" },
  { "code": "en_ZA", "zhName": "英语(南非)", "nativeName": "English (South Africa)" },
  { "code": "en_GB", "zhName": "英语(英国)", "nativeName": "English (United Kingdom)" },
  { "code": "fr_FR", "zhName": "法语", "nativeName": "Français (France)" },
  { "code": "fr_BE", "zhName": "法语(比利时)", "nativeName": "Français (Belgique)" },
  { "code": "fr_CA", "zhName": "法语(加拿大)", "nativeName": "Français (Canada)" },
  { "code": "fr_CH", "zhName": "法语(瑞士)", "nativeName": "Français (Suisse)" },
  { "code": "de_DE", "zhName": "德语", "nativeName": "Deutsch (Deutschland)" },
  { "code": "de_LI", "zhName": "德语(列支敦斯登)", "nativeName": "Deutsch (Liechtenstein)" },
  { "code": "de_AT", "zhName": "德语(奥地利)", "nativeName": "Deutsch (Österreich)" },
  { "code": "de_CH", "zhName": "德语(瑞士)", "nativeName": "Deutsch (Schweiz)" },
  { "code": "it_IT", "zhName": "意大利语", "nativeName": "Italiano (Italia)" },
  { "code": "it_CH", "zhName": "意大利语(瑞士)", "nativeName": "Italiano (Svizzera)" },
  { "code": "pt_BR", "zhName": "葡萄牙语(巴西)", "nativeName": "Português (Brasil)" },
  { "code": "pt_PT", "zhName": "葡萄牙语", "nativeName": "Português (Portugal)" },
  { "code": "es_ES", "zhName": "西班牙语", "nativeName": "Español (España)" },
  { "code": "es_US", "zhName": "西班牙语(美国)", "nativeName": "Español (Estados Unidos)" },
  { "code": "bn_BD", "zhName": "孟加拉语", "nativeName": "বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)" },
  { "code": "bn_IN", "zhName": "孟加拉语(印度)", "nativeName": "বাংলা (ভারত)" },
  { "code": "hr_HR", "zhName": "克罗地亚语", "nativeName": "Hrvatski" },
  { "code": "cs_CZ", "zhName": "捷克语", "nativeName": "Čeština" },
  { "code": "da_DK", "zhName": "丹麦语", "nativeName": "Dansk" },
  { "code": "el_GR", "zhName": "希腊语", "nativeName": "Ελληνικά" },
  { "code": "he_IL", "zhName": "希伯来语(以色列)", "nativeName": "עברית" },
  { "code": "hi_IN", "zhName": "印地语", "nativeName": "हिन्दी" },
  { "code": "hu_HU", "zhName": "匈牙利语", "nativeName": "Magyar" },
  { "code": "id_ID", "zhName": "印度尼西亚语", "nativeName": "Bahasa Indonesia" },
  { "code": "ja_JP", "zhName": "日语", "nativeName": "日本語" },
  { "code": "ko_KR", "zhName": "韩语", "nativeName": "한국어" },
  { "code": "ms_MY", "zhName": "马来语", "nativeName": "Melayu" },
  { "code": "fa_IR", "zhName": "波斯语", "nativeName": "فارسی" },
  { "code": "pl_PL", "zhName": "波兰语", "nativeName": "Polski" },
  { "code": "ro_RO", "zhName": "罗马尼亚语", "nativeName": "Română" },
  { "code": "ru_RU", "zhName": "俄语", "nativeName": "Русский" },
  { "code": "sr_RS", "zhName": "塞尔维亚语", "nativeName": "Српски" },
  { "code": "sv_SE", "zhName": "瑞典语", "nativeName": "Svenska" },
  { "code": "th_TH", "zhName": "泰语", "nativeName": "ไทย" },
  { "code": "tr_TR", "zhName": "土耳其语", "nativeName": "Türkçe" },
  { "code": "ur_PK", "zhName": "乌尔都语", "nativeName": "اردو" },
  { "code": "vi_VN", "zhName": "越南语", "nativeName": "Tiếng Việt" },
  { "code": "ca_ES", "zhName": "加泰罗尼亚语(西班牙)", "nativeName": "Català" },
  { "code": "lv_LV", "zhName": "拉脱维亚语", "nativeName": "Latviešu" },
  { "code": "lt_LT", "zhName": "立陶宛语", "nativeName": "Lietuvių" },
  { "code": "nb_NO", "zhName": "书面挪威语", "nativeName": "Norsk bokmål" },
  { "code": "sk_SK", "zhName": "斯洛伐克语", "nativeName": "Slovenčina" },
  { "code": "sl_SI", "zhName": "斯洛文尼亚语", "nativeName": "Slovenščina" },
  { "code": "bg_BG", "zhName": "保加利亚语", "nativeName": "Български" },
  { "code": "uk_UA", "zhName": "乌克兰语", "nativeName": "Українська" },
  { "code": "fil_PH", "zhName": "菲律宾语", "nativeName": "Filipino" },
  { "code": "fi_FI", "zhName": "芬兰语", "nativeName": "Suomi" },
  { "code": "af_ZA", "zhName": "南非荷兰语", "nativeName": "Afrikaans" },
  { "code": "rm_CH", "zhName": "罗曼什语(瑞士)", "nativeName": "Rumantsch" },
  { "code": "km_KH", "zhName": "高棉语", "nativeName": "ខ្មែរ" },
  { "code": "my_MM", "zhName": "缅甸语", "nativeName": "မြန်မာ" },
  { "code": "am_ET", "zhName": "阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚)", "nativeName": "አማርኛ" },
  { "code": "be_BY", "zhName": "白俄罗斯语", "nativeName": "Беларуская" },
  { "code": "et_EE", "zhName": "爱沙尼亚语", "nativeName": "Eesti" },
  { "code": "sw_TZ", "zhName": "斯瓦希里语(坦桑尼亚)", "nativeName": "Kiswahili" },
  { "code": "zu_ZA", "zhName": "祖鲁语(南非)", "nativeName": "IsiZulu" },
  { "code": "az_AZ", "zhName": "阿塞拜疆语", "nativeName": "Azərbaycan" },
  { "code": "hy_AM", "zhName": "亚美尼亚语(亚美尼亚)", "nativeName": "Հայերեն" },
  { "code": "ka_GE", "zhName": "格鲁吉亚语(格鲁吉亚)", "nativeName": "ქართული" },
  { "code": "lo_LA", "zhName": "老挝语(老挝)", "nativeName": "ລາວ" },
  { "code": "mn_MN", "zhName": "蒙古语", "nativeName": "Монгол" },
  { "code": "ne_NP", "zhName": "尼泊尔语", "nativeName": "नेपाली" },
  { "code": "kk_KZ", "zhName": "哈萨克语", "nativeName": "Қазақ тілі" },
  { "code": "si_LK", "zhName": "僧伽罗语(斯里兰卡)", "nativeName": "සිංහල" },
  { "code": "uz_UZ", "zhName": "乌兹别克语", "nativeName": "Ўзбекча" }
]

5.2 Java（Java 8+）

下面是一个完整、可独立保存的 Java 类，包含不可变语言列表、代码查找和 BCP 47 转换：

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

public final class LanguageCatalog {
    public static final class LanguageOption {
        public final String code;
        public final String zhName;
        public final String nativeName;

        public LanguageOption(String code, String zhName, String nativeName) {
            this.code = code;
            this.zhName = zhName;
            this.nativeName = nativeName;
        }

        public String toLanguageTag() {
            return code.replace('_', '-');
        }

        public Locale toLocale() {
            return Locale.forLanguageTag(toLanguageTag());
        }

        public String displayName(boolean chineseUi) {
            return chineseUi ? zhName : nativeName;
        }
    }

    public static final List<LanguageOption> ALL =
        Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(
            new LanguageOption("zh_CN", "简体中文", "简体中文"),
            new LanguageOption("zh_TW", "繁体中文（台湾）", "繁體中文（台灣）"),
            new LanguageOption("zh_HK", "繁体中文（香港）", "繁體中文（香港）"),
            new LanguageOption("nl_NL", "荷兰语", "Nederlands (Nederland)"),
            new LanguageOption("nl_BE", "荷兰语(比利时)", "Nederlands (België)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_US", "英语(美国)", "English (United States)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_AU", "英语(澳大利亚)", "English (Australia)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_CA", "英语(加拿大)", "English (Canada)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_IN", "英语(印度)", "English (India)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_IE", "英语(爱尔兰)", "English (Ireland)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_NZ", "英语(新西兰)", "English (New Zealand)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_SG", "英语(新加坡)", "English (Singapore)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_ZA", "英语(南非)", "English (South Africa)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_GB", "英语(英国)", "English (United Kingdom)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_FR", "法语", "Français (France)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_BE", "法语(比利时)", "Français (Belgique)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_CA", "法语(加拿大)", "Français (Canada)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_CH", "法语(瑞士)", "Français (Suisse)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_DE", "德语", "Deutsch (Deutschland)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_LI", "德语(列支敦斯登)", "Deutsch (Liechtenstein)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_AT", "德语(奥地利)", "Deutsch (Österreich)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_CH", "德语(瑞士)", "Deutsch (Schweiz)"),
            new LanguageOption("it_IT", "意大利语", "Italiano (Italia)"),
            new LanguageOption("it_CH", "意大利语(瑞士)", "Italiano (Svizzera)"),
            new LanguageOption("pt_BR", "葡萄牙语(巴西)", "Português (Brasil)"),
            new LanguageOption("pt_PT", "葡萄牙语", "Português (Portugal)"),
            new LanguageOption("es_ES", "西班牙语", "Español (España)"),
            new LanguageOption("es_US", "西班牙语(美国)", "Español (Estados Unidos)"),
            new LanguageOption("bn_BD", "孟加拉语", "বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)"),
            new LanguageOption("bn_IN", "孟加拉语(印度)", "বাংলা (ভারত)"),
            new LanguageOption("hr_HR", "克罗地亚语", "Hrvatski"),
            new LanguageOption("cs_CZ", "捷克语", "Čeština"),
            new LanguageOption("da_DK", "丹麦语", "Dansk"),
            new LanguageOption("el_GR", "希腊语", "Ελληνικά"),
            new LanguageOption("he_IL", "希伯来语(以色列)", "עברית"),
            new LanguageOption("hi_IN", "印地语", "हिन्दी"),
            new LanguageOption("hu_HU", "匈牙利语", "Magyar"),
            new LanguageOption("id_ID", "印度尼西亚语", "Bahasa Indonesia"),
            new LanguageOption("ja_JP", "日语", "日本語"),
            new LanguageOption("ko_KR", "韩语", "한국어"),
            new LanguageOption("ms_MY", "马来语", "Melayu"),
            new LanguageOption("fa_IR", "波斯语", "فارسی"),
            new LanguageOption("pl_PL", "波兰语", "Polski"),
            new LanguageOption("ro_RO", "罗马尼亚语", "Română"),
            new LanguageOption("ru_RU", "俄语", "Русский"),
            new LanguageOption("sr_RS", "塞尔维亚语", "Српски"),
            new LanguageOption("sv_SE", "瑞典语", "Svenska"),
            new LanguageOption("th_TH", "泰语", "ไทย"),
            new LanguageOption("tr_TR", "土耳其语", "Türkçe"),
            new LanguageOption("ur_PK", "乌尔都语", "اردو"),
            new LanguageOption("vi_VN", "越南语", "Tiếng Việt"),
            new LanguageOption("ca_ES", "加泰罗尼亚语(西班牙)", "Català"),
            new LanguageOption("lv_LV", "拉脱维亚语", "Latviešu"),
            new LanguageOption("lt_LT", "立陶宛语", "Lietuvių"),
            new LanguageOption("nb_NO", "书面挪威语", "Norsk bokmål"),
            new LanguageOption("sk_SK", "斯洛伐克语", "Slovenčina"),
            new LanguageOption("sl_SI", "斯洛文尼亚语", "Slovenščina"),
            new LanguageOption("bg_BG", "保加利亚语", "Български"),
            new LanguageOption("uk_UA", "乌克兰语", "Українська"),
            new LanguageOption("fil_PH", "菲律宾语", "Filipino"),
            new LanguageOption("fi_FI", "芬兰语", "Suomi"),
            new LanguageOption("af_ZA", "南非荷兰语", "Afrikaans"),
            new LanguageOption("rm_CH", "罗曼什语(瑞士)", "Rumantsch"),
            new LanguageOption("km_KH", "高棉语", "ខ្មែរ"),
            new LanguageOption("my_MM", "缅甸语", "မြန်မာ"),
            new LanguageOption("am_ET", "阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚)", "አማርኛ"),
            new LanguageOption("be_BY", "白俄罗斯语", "Беларуская"),
            new LanguageOption("et_EE", "爱沙尼亚语", "Eesti"),
            new LanguageOption("sw_TZ", "斯瓦希里语(坦桑尼亚)", "Kiswahili"),
            new LanguageOption("zu_ZA", "祖鲁语(南非)", "IsiZulu"),
            new LanguageOption("az_AZ", "阿塞拜疆语", "Azərbaycan"),
            new LanguageOption("hy_AM", "亚美尼亚语(亚美尼亚)", "Հայերեն"),
            new LanguageOption("ka_GE", "格鲁吉亚语(格鲁吉亚)", "ქართული"),
            new LanguageOption("lo_LA", "老挝语(老挝)", "ລາວ"),
            new LanguageOption("mn_MN", "蒙古语", "Монгол"),
            new LanguageOption("ne_NP", "尼泊尔语", "नेपाली"),
            new LanguageOption("kk_KZ", "哈萨克语", "Қазақ тілі"),
            new LanguageOption("si_LK", "僧伽罗语(斯里兰卡)", "සිංහල"),
            new LanguageOption("uz_UZ", "乌兹别克语", "Ўзбекча")
        ));

    public static LanguageOption findByCode(String code) {
        for (LanguageOption option : ALL) {
            if (option.code.equals(code)) {
                return option;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private LanguageCatalog() {
    }
}

调用示例：

LanguageCatalog.LanguageOption option =
    LanguageCatalog.findByCode("fil_PH");

if (option != null) {
    Locale locale = option.toLocale();          // fil-PH
    String uiText = option.displayName(false);  // Filipino
}

5.3 C++（C++11+）

下面的版本使用宽字符串保存显示名称，适合 Windows/MSVC，也避开了 C++20 中 u8"..." 变为 char8_t 后不能直接赋给 std::string 的差异：

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <string>

struct LanguageOption {
    const char* code;
    const wchar_t* zhName;
    const wchar_t* nativeName;
};

static const LanguageOption kLanguages[] = {
    { "zh_CN", L"简体中文", L"简体中文" },
    { "zh_TW", L"繁体中文（台湾）", L"繁體中文（台灣）" },
    { "zh_HK", L"繁体中文（香港）", L"繁體中文（香港）" },
    { "nl_NL", L"荷兰语", L"Nederlands (Nederland)" },
    { "nl_BE", L"荷兰语(比利时)", L"Nederlands (België)" },
    { "en_US", L"英语(美国)", L"English (United States)" },
    { "en_AU", L"英语(澳大利亚)", L"English (Australia)" },
    { "en_CA", L"英语(加拿大)", L"English (Canada)" },
    { "en_IN", L"英语(印度)", L"English (India)" },
    { "en_IE", L"英语(爱尔兰)", L"English (Ireland)" },
    { "en_NZ", L"英语(新西兰)", L"English (New Zealand)" },
    { "en_SG", L"英语(新加坡)", L"English (Singapore)" },
    { "en_ZA", L"英语(南非)", L"English (South Africa)" },
    { "en_GB", L"英语(英国)", L"English (United Kingdom)" },
    { "fr_FR", L"法语", L"Français (France)" },
    { "fr_BE", L"法语(比利时)", L"Français (Belgique)" },
    { "fr_CA", L"法语(加拿大)", L"Français (Canada)" },
    { "fr_CH", L"法语(瑞士)", L"Français (Suisse)" },
    { "de_DE", L"德语", L"Deutsch (Deutschland)" },
    { "de_LI", L"德语(列支敦斯登)", L"Deutsch (Liechtenstein)" },
    { "de_AT", L"德语(奥地利)", L"Deutsch (Österreich)" },
    { "de_CH", L"德语(瑞士)", L"Deutsch (Schweiz)" },
    { "it_IT", L"意大利语", L"Italiano (Italia)" },
    { "it_CH", L"意大利语(瑞士)", L"Italiano (Svizzera)" },
    { "pt_BR", L"葡萄牙语(巴西)", L"Português (Brasil)" },
    { "pt_PT", L"葡萄牙语", L"Português (Portugal)" },
    { "es_ES", L"西班牙语", L"Español (España)" },
    { "es_US", L"西班牙语(美国)", L"Español (Estados Unidos)" },
    { "bn_BD", L"孟加拉语", L"বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)" },
    { "bn_IN", L"孟加拉语(印度)", L"বাংলা (ভারত)" },
    { "hr_HR", L"克罗地亚语", L"Hrvatski" },
    { "cs_CZ", L"捷克语", L"Čeština" },
    { "da_DK", L"丹麦语", L"Dansk" },
    { "el_GR", L"希腊语", L"Ελληνικά" },
    { "he_IL", L"希伯来语(以色列)", L"עברית" },
    { "hi_IN", L"印地语", L"हिन्दी" },
    { "hu_HU", L"匈牙利语", L"Magyar" },
    { "id_ID", L"印度尼西亚语", L"Bahasa Indonesia" },
    { "ja_JP", L"日语", L"日本語" },
    { "ko_KR", L"韩语", L"한국어" },
    { "ms_MY", L"马来语", L"Melayu" },
    { "fa_IR", L"波斯语", L"فارسی" },
    { "pl_PL", L"波兰语", L"Polski" },
    { "ro_RO", L"罗马尼亚语", L"Română" },
    { "ru_RU", L"俄语", L"Русский" },
    { "sr_RS", L"塞尔维亚语", L"Српски" },
    { "sv_SE", L"瑞典语", L"Svenska" },
    { "th_TH", L"泰语", L"ไทย" },
    { "tr_TR", L"土耳其语", L"Türkçe" },
    { "ur_PK", L"乌尔都语", L"اردو" },
    { "vi_VN", L"越南语", L"Tiếng Việt" },
    { "ca_ES", L"加泰罗尼亚语(西班牙)", L"Català" },
    { "lv_LV", L"拉脱维亚语", L"Latviešu" },
    { "lt_LT", L"立陶宛语", L"Lietuvių" },
    { "nb_NO", L"书面挪威语", L"Norsk bokmål" },
    { "sk_SK", L"斯洛伐克语", L"Slovenčina" },
    { "sl_SI", L"斯洛文尼亚语", L"Slovenščina" },
    { "bg_BG", L"保加利亚语", L"Български" },
    { "uk_UA", L"乌克兰语", L"Українська" },
    { "fil_PH", L"菲律宾语", L"Filipino" },
    { "fi_FI", L"芬兰语", L"Suomi" },
    { "af_ZA", L"南非荷兰语", L"Afrikaans" },
    { "rm_CH", L"罗曼什语(瑞士)", L"Rumantsch" },
    { "km_KH", L"高棉语", L"ខ្មែរ" },
    { "my_MM", L"缅甸语", L"မြန်မာ" },
    { "am_ET", L"阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚)", L"አማርኛ" },
    { "be_BY", L"白俄罗斯语", L"Беларуская" },
    { "et_EE", L"爱沙尼亚语", L"Eesti" },
    { "sw_TZ", L"斯瓦希里语(坦桑尼亚)", L"Kiswahili" },
    { "zu_ZA", L"祖鲁语(南非)", L"IsiZulu" },
    { "az_AZ", L"阿塞拜疆语", L"Azərbaycan" },
    { "hy_AM", L"亚美尼亚语(亚美尼亚)", L"Հայերեն" },
    { "ka_GE", L"格鲁吉亚语(格鲁吉亚)", L"ქართული" },
    { "lo_LA", L"老挝语(老挝)", L"ລາວ" },
    { "mn_MN", L"蒙古语", L"Монгол" },
    { "ne_NP", L"尼泊尔语", L"नेपाली" },
    { "kk_KZ", L"哈萨克语", L"Қазақ тілі" },
    { "si_LK", L"僧伽罗语(斯里兰卡)", L"සිංහල" },
    { "uz_UZ", L"乌兹别克语", L"Ўзбекча" },
};

static const std::size_t kLanguageCount =
    sizeof(kLanguages) / sizeof(kLanguages[0]);

inline std::string ToLanguageTag(const char* code) {
    std::string tag(code);
    std::replace(tag.begin(), tag.end(), '_', '-');
    return tag;
}

inline const wchar_t* DisplayName(
    const LanguageOption& option,
    bool chineseUi) {
    return chineseUi ? option.zhName : option.nativeName;
}

inline const LanguageOption* FindLanguage(const std::string& code) {
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < kLanguageCount; ++i) {
        if (code == kLanguages[i].code) {
            return &kLanguages[i];
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

调用示例：

const LanguageOption* option = FindLanguage("fil_PH");
if (option != 0) {
    const std::string languageTag = ToLanguageTag(option->code); // fil-PH
    const wchar_t* uiText = DisplayName(*option, false);         // Filipino
}

源码应保存为 UTF-8 BOM，或在 MSVC 中启用 /utf-8。跨平台 C++ 项目也可以将显示名称改成 UTF-8 std::string。C++ 标准库没有统一接收 BCP 47 的 locale 构造接口，转换后的标签通常传给 Qt、ICU 或 Web API。

5.4 C# / .NET

下面的写法不依赖 record，可以覆盖更多旧版 C# 项目：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Globalization;

public sealed class LanguageOption
{
    public string Code { get; private set; }
    public string ZhName { get; private set; }
    public string NativeName { get; private set; }

    public LanguageOption(string code, string zhName, string nativeName)
    {
        Code = code;
        ZhName = zhName;
        NativeName = nativeName;
    }

    public string ToLanguageTag()
    {
        return Code.Replace('_', '-');
    }

    public CultureInfo ToCultureInfo()
    {
        return CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(ToLanguageTag());
    }

    public string DisplayName(bool chineseUi)
    {
        return chineseUi ? ZhName : NativeName;
    }
}

public static class LanguageCatalog
{
    public static readonly ReadOnlyCollection<LanguageOption> All =
        new List<LanguageOption>
        {
            new LanguageOption("zh_CN", "简体中文", "简体中文"),
            new LanguageOption("zh_TW", "繁体中文（台湾）", "繁體中文（台灣）"),
            new LanguageOption("zh_HK", "繁体中文（香港）", "繁體中文（香港）"),
            new LanguageOption("nl_NL", "荷兰语", "Nederlands (Nederland)"),
            new LanguageOption("nl_BE", "荷兰语(比利时)", "Nederlands (België)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_US", "英语(美国)", "English (United States)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_AU", "英语(澳大利亚)", "English (Australia)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_CA", "英语(加拿大)", "English (Canada)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_IN", "英语(印度)", "English (India)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_IE", "英语(爱尔兰)", "English (Ireland)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_NZ", "英语(新西兰)", "English (New Zealand)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_SG", "英语(新加坡)", "English (Singapore)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_ZA", "英语(南非)", "English (South Africa)"),
            new LanguageOption("en_GB", "英语(英国)", "English (United Kingdom)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_FR", "法语", "Français (France)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_BE", "法语(比利时)", "Français (Belgique)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_CA", "法语(加拿大)", "Français (Canada)"),
            new LanguageOption("fr_CH", "法语(瑞士)", "Français (Suisse)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_DE", "德语", "Deutsch (Deutschland)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_LI", "德语(列支敦斯登)", "Deutsch (Liechtenstein)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_AT", "德语(奥地利)", "Deutsch (Österreich)"),
            new LanguageOption("de_CH", "德语(瑞士)", "Deutsch (Schweiz)"),
            new LanguageOption("it_IT", "意大利语", "Italiano (Italia)"),
            new LanguageOption("it_CH", "意大利语(瑞士)", "Italiano (Svizzera)"),
            new LanguageOption("pt_BR", "葡萄牙语(巴西)", "Português (Brasil)"),
            new LanguageOption("pt_PT", "葡萄牙语", "Português (Portugal)"),
            new LanguageOption("es_ES", "西班牙语", "Español (España)"),
            new LanguageOption("es_US", "西班牙语(美国)", "Español (Estados Unidos)"),
            new LanguageOption("bn_BD", "孟加拉语", "বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)"),
            new LanguageOption("bn_IN", "孟加拉语(印度)", "বাংলা (ভারত)"),
            new LanguageOption("hr_HR", "克罗地亚语", "Hrvatski"),
            new LanguageOption("cs_CZ", "捷克语", "Čeština"),
            new LanguageOption("da_DK", "丹麦语", "Dansk"),
            new LanguageOption("el_GR", "希腊语", "Ελληνικά"),
            new LanguageOption("he_IL", "希伯来语(以色列)", "עברית"),
            new LanguageOption("hi_IN", "印地语", "हिन्दी"),
            new LanguageOption("hu_HU", "匈牙利语", "Magyar"),
            new LanguageOption("id_ID", "印度尼西亚语", "Bahasa Indonesia"),
            new LanguageOption("ja_JP", "日语", "日本語"),
            new LanguageOption("ko_KR", "韩语", "한국어"),
            new LanguageOption("ms_MY", "马来语", "Melayu"),
            new LanguageOption("fa_IR", "波斯语", "فارسی"),
            new LanguageOption("pl_PL", "波兰语", "Polski"),
            new LanguageOption("ro_RO", "罗马尼亚语", "Română"),
            new LanguageOption("ru_RU", "俄语", "Русский"),
            new LanguageOption("sr_RS", "塞尔维亚语", "Српски"),
            new LanguageOption("sv_SE", "瑞典语", "Svenska"),
            new LanguageOption("th_TH", "泰语", "ไทย"),
            new LanguageOption("tr_TR", "土耳其语", "Türkçe"),
            new LanguageOption("ur_PK", "乌尔都语", "اردو"),
            new LanguageOption("vi_VN", "越南语", "Tiếng Việt"),
            new LanguageOption("ca_ES", "加泰罗尼亚语(西班牙)", "Català"),
            new LanguageOption("lv_LV", "拉脱维亚语", "Latviešu"),
            new LanguageOption("lt_LT", "立陶宛语", "Lietuvių"),
            new LanguageOption("nb_NO", "书面挪威语", "Norsk bokmål"),
            new LanguageOption("sk_SK", "斯洛伐克语", "Slovenčina"),
            new LanguageOption("sl_SI", "斯洛文尼亚语", "Slovenščina"),
            new LanguageOption("bg_BG", "保加利亚语", "Български"),
            new LanguageOption("uk_UA", "乌克兰语", "Українська"),
            new LanguageOption("fil_PH", "菲律宾语", "Filipino"),
            new LanguageOption("fi_FI", "芬兰语", "Suomi"),
            new LanguageOption("af_ZA", "南非荷兰语", "Afrikaans"),
            new LanguageOption("rm_CH", "罗曼什语(瑞士)", "Rumantsch"),
            new LanguageOption("km_KH", "高棉语", "ខ្មែរ"),
            new LanguageOption("my_MM", "缅甸语", "မြန်မာ"),
            new LanguageOption("am_ET", "阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚)", "አማርኛ"),
            new LanguageOption("be_BY", "白俄罗斯语", "Беларуская"),
            new LanguageOption("et_EE", "爱沙尼亚语", "Eesti"),
            new LanguageOption("sw_TZ", "斯瓦希里语(坦桑尼亚)", "Kiswahili"),
            new LanguageOption("zu_ZA", "祖鲁语(南非)", "IsiZulu"),
            new LanguageOption("az_AZ", "阿塞拜疆语", "Azərbaycan"),
            new LanguageOption("hy_AM", "亚美尼亚语(亚美尼亚)", "Հայերեն"),
            new LanguageOption("ka_GE", "格鲁吉亚语(格鲁吉亚)", "ქართული"),
            new LanguageOption("lo_LA", "老挝语(老挝)", "ລາວ"),
            new LanguageOption("mn_MN", "蒙古语", "Монгол"),
            new LanguageOption("ne_NP", "尼泊尔语", "नेपाली"),
            new LanguageOption("kk_KZ", "哈萨克语", "Қазақ тілі"),
            new LanguageOption("si_LK", "僧伽罗语(斯里兰卡)", "සිංහල"),
            new LanguageOption("uz_UZ", "乌兹别克语", "Ўзбекча"),
        }.AsReadOnly();

    public static LanguageOption FindByCode(string code)
    {
        foreach (LanguageOption option in All)
        {
            if (string.Equals(option.Code, code, StringComparison.Ordinal))
            {
                return option;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

调用示例：

var option = LanguageCatalog.FindByCode("fil_PH");
if (option != null)
{
    var culture = option.ToCultureInfo();              // fil-PH
    var uiText = option.DisplayName(chineseUi: false); // Filipino
}

5.5 JavaScript / TypeScript

下面的代码本身是有效 JavaScript，同时通过 JSDoc 为 TypeScript 和编辑器提供类型信息：

/**
 * @typedef {Readonly<{
 *   code: string,
 *   zhName: string,
 *   nativeName: string
 * }>} LanguageOption
 */

/** @type {ReadonlyArray<LanguageOption>} */
const LANGUAGE_OPTIONS = Object.freeze([
  { code: "zh_CN", zhName: "简体中文", nativeName: "简体中文" },
  { code: "zh_TW", zhName: "繁体中文（台湾）", nativeName: "繁體中文（台灣）" },
  { code: "zh_HK", zhName: "繁体中文（香港）", nativeName: "繁體中文（香港）" },
  { code: "nl_NL", zhName: "荷兰语", nativeName: "Nederlands (Nederland)" },
  { code: "nl_BE", zhName: "荷兰语(比利时)", nativeName: "Nederlands (België)" },
  { code: "en_US", zhName: "英语(美国)", nativeName: "English (United States)" },
  { code: "en_AU", zhName: "英语(澳大利亚)", nativeName: "English (Australia)" },
  { code: "en_CA", zhName: "英语(加拿大)", nativeName: "English (Canada)" },
  { code: "en_IN", zhName: "英语(印度)", nativeName: "English (India)" },
  { code: "en_IE", zhName: "英语(爱尔兰)", nativeName: "English (Ireland)" },
  { code: "en_NZ", zhName: "英语(新西兰)", nativeName: "English (New Zealand)" },
  { code: "en_SG", zhName: "英语(新加坡)", nativeName: "English (Singapore)" },
  { code: "en_ZA", zhName: "英语(南非)", nativeName: "English (South Africa)" },
  { code: "en_GB", zhName: "英语(英国)", nativeName: "English (United Kingdom)" },
  { code: "fr_FR", zhName: "法语", nativeName: "Français (France)" },
  { code: "fr_BE", zhName: "法语(比利时)", nativeName: "Français (Belgique)" },
  { code: "fr_CA", zhName: "法语(加拿大)", nativeName: "Français (Canada)" },
  { code: "fr_CH", zhName: "法语(瑞士)", nativeName: "Français (Suisse)" },
  { code: "de_DE", zhName: "德语", nativeName: "Deutsch (Deutschland)" },
  { code: "de_LI", zhName: "德语(列支敦斯登)", nativeName: "Deutsch (Liechtenstein)" },
  { code: "de_AT", zhName: "德语(奥地利)", nativeName: "Deutsch (Österreich)" },
  { code: "de_CH", zhName: "德语(瑞士)", nativeName: "Deutsch (Schweiz)" },
  { code: "it_IT", zhName: "意大利语", nativeName: "Italiano (Italia)" },
  { code: "it_CH", zhName: "意大利语(瑞士)", nativeName: "Italiano (Svizzera)" },
  { code: "pt_BR", zhName: "葡萄牙语(巴西)", nativeName: "Português (Brasil)" },
  { code: "pt_PT", zhName: "葡萄牙语", nativeName: "Português (Portugal)" },
  { code: "es_ES", zhName: "西班牙语", nativeName: "Español (España)" },
  { code: "es_US", zhName: "西班牙语(美国)", nativeName: "Español (Estados Unidos)" },
  { code: "bn_BD", zhName: "孟加拉语", nativeName: "বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)" },
  { code: "bn_IN", zhName: "孟加拉语(印度)", nativeName: "বাংলা (ভারত)" },
  { code: "hr_HR", zhName: "克罗地亚语", nativeName: "Hrvatski" },
  { code: "cs_CZ", zhName: "捷克语", nativeName: "Čeština" },
  { code: "da_DK", zhName: "丹麦语", nativeName: "Dansk" },
  { code: "el_GR", zhName: "希腊语", nativeName: "Ελληνικά" },
  { code: "he_IL", zhName: "希伯来语(以色列)", nativeName: "עברית" },
  { code: "hi_IN", zhName: "印地语", nativeName: "हिन्दी" },
  { code: "hu_HU", zhName: "匈牙利语", nativeName: "Magyar" },
  { code: "id_ID", zhName: "印度尼西亚语", nativeName: "Bahasa Indonesia" },
  { code: "ja_JP", zhName: "日语", nativeName: "日本語" },
  { code: "ko_KR", zhName: "韩语", nativeName: "한국어" },
  { code: "ms_MY", zhName: "马来语", nativeName: "Melayu" },
  { code: "fa_IR", zhName: "波斯语", nativeName: "فارسی" },
  { code: "pl_PL", zhName: "波兰语", nativeName: "Polski" },
  { code: "ro_RO", zhName: "罗马尼亚语", nativeName: "Română" },
  { code: "ru_RU", zhName: "俄语", nativeName: "Русский" },
  { code: "sr_RS", zhName: "塞尔维亚语", nativeName: "Српски" },
  { code: "sv_SE", zhName: "瑞典语", nativeName: "Svenska" },
  { code: "th_TH", zhName: "泰语", nativeName: "ไทย" },
  { code: "tr_TR", zhName: "土耳其语", nativeName: "Türkçe" },
  { code: "ur_PK", zhName: "乌尔都语", nativeName: "اردو" },
  { code: "vi_VN", zhName: "越南语", nativeName: "Tiếng Việt" },
  { code: "ca_ES", zhName: "加泰罗尼亚语(西班牙)", nativeName: "Català" },
  { code: "lv_LV", zhName: "拉脱维亚语", nativeName: "Latviešu" },
  { code: "lt_LT", zhName: "立陶宛语", nativeName: "Lietuvių" },
  { code: "nb_NO", zhName: "书面挪威语", nativeName: "Norsk bokmål" },
  { code: "sk_SK", zhName: "斯洛伐克语", nativeName: "Slovenčina" },
  { code: "sl_SI", zhName: "斯洛文尼亚语", nativeName: "Slovenščina" },
  { code: "bg_BG", zhName: "保加利亚语", nativeName: "Български" },
  { code: "uk_UA", zhName: "乌克兰语", nativeName: "Українська" },
  { code: "fil_PH", zhName: "菲律宾语", nativeName: "Filipino" },
  { code: "fi_FI", zhName: "芬兰语", nativeName: "Suomi" },
  { code: "af_ZA", zhName: "南非荷兰语", nativeName: "Afrikaans" },
  { code: "rm_CH", zhName: "罗曼什语(瑞士)", nativeName: "Rumantsch" },
  { code: "km_KH", zhName: "高棉语", nativeName: "ខ្មែរ" },
  { code: "my_MM", zhName: "缅甸语", nativeName: "မြန်မာ" },
  { code: "am_ET", zhName: "阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚)", nativeName: "አማርኛ" },
  { code: "be_BY", zhName: "白俄罗斯语", nativeName: "Беларуская" },
  { code: "et_EE", zhName: "爱沙尼亚语", nativeName: "Eesti" },
  { code: "sw_TZ", zhName: "斯瓦希里语(坦桑尼亚)", nativeName: "Kiswahili" },
  { code: "zu_ZA", zhName: "祖鲁语(南非)", nativeName: "IsiZulu" },
  { code: "az_AZ", zhName: "阿塞拜疆语", nativeName: "Azərbaycan" },
  { code: "hy_AM", zhName: "亚美尼亚语(亚美尼亚)", nativeName: "Հայերեն" },
  { code: "ka_GE", zhName: "格鲁吉亚语(格鲁吉亚)", nativeName: "ქართული" },
  { code: "lo_LA", zhName: "老挝语(老挝)", nativeName: "ລາວ" },
  { code: "mn_MN", zhName: "蒙古语", nativeName: "Монгол" },
  { code: "ne_NP", zhName: "尼泊尔语", nativeName: "नेपाली" },
  { code: "kk_KZ", zhName: "哈萨克语", nativeName: "Қазақ тілі" },
  { code: "si_LK", zhName: "僧伽罗语(斯里兰卡)", nativeName: "සිංහල" },
  { code: "uz_UZ", zhName: "乌兹别克语", nativeName: "Ўзбекча" }
].map((item) => Object.freeze(item)));

const findLanguage = (code) =>
  LANGUAGE_OPTIONS.find((item) => item.code === code);

const toLanguageTag = ({ code }) => code.replace("_", "-");

const displayName = (option, chineseUi) =>
  chineseUi ? option.zhName : option.nativeName;

调用示例：

const option = findLanguage("fil_PH");
if (option) {
  const languageTag = toLanguageTag(option);              // fil-PH
  const uiText = displayName(option, false);               // Filipino
  const formatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(languageTag); // 标准 API 使用 fil-PH
}

Web 页面还可以将转换后的标签写入 <html lang="fil-PH">。产品语言列表仍显示固定的 zhName 或 nativeName，不要用 Intl.DisplayNames 动态替换。

5.6 其他编程语言

Go、Python、Rust 等语言可以直接读取 5.1 节的完整 JSON。接入时只需保持相同边界：

记录固定包含 code、zhName、nativeName。
应用内持久化和系统间通信使用原始 code，例如 fil_PH。
调用只接受 BCP 47 的标准库或外部接口前，将 _ 转为 -，得到 fil-PH。
UI 显示直接选择 zhName 或 nativeName，不要让运行时重新生成产品名称。

6. 多技术栈如何避免再次分叉

不要分别手工维护 Java、C++、C# 和前端语言表。更稳妥的做法是建立一份 UTF-8 JSON 真值文件，再通过生成脚本输出各语言所需的常量或资源文件：

language-catalog.json
    ├─ 生成 Java LanguageOptions
    ├─ 生成 C++ LanguageOptions
    ├─ 生成 C# LanguageOptions
    └─ 生成 JavaScript/TypeScript LanguageOptions

真值文件由人工审查，生成物禁止手工修改。持续集成可以重新生成一次并检查工作区是否出现差异，以便及时发现漏同步。

7. 同步检查清单

修改或新增语言后，至少确认：

8. 标准参考

外部标准负责提供代码和语言数据依据；应用自身仍需明确最终采用的内部格式、显示文字和兼容策略。

本文源地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/BensonLaur/p/23050063

posted @ 2026-09-20 16:34 BensonLaur 阅读(9) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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Code a better world

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多语言开发：Locale 语言代码规范与完整列表（Java / C++ / C# / JavaScript）

1. 如何理解语言代码

2. 四个容易混淆的代码

3. 显示名称规则

4. 参考语言目录

5. 可直接复制的完整代码

5.1 JSON

5.2 Java（Java 8+）

5.3 C++（C++11+）

5.4 C# / .NET

5.5 JavaScript / TypeScript

5.6 其他编程语言

6. 多技术栈如何避免再次分叉

7. 同步检查清单

8. 标准参考

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