输入输出外挂

//适用于正负整数

// 输入
template <class T>inline bool read(T &ret)
{
    char c; int sgn;
    if(c = getchar(), c == EOF) return 0;
    while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar();
    sgn = (c == '-') ? -1 : 1;
    ret = (c == '-') ? 0 : (c - '0');
    while(c = getchar(), c >= '0' && c <= '9') ret = ret * 10 + (c - '0');
    ret *= sgn;
    return 1;
}
// 输出
template <typename T> inline void write(T x) {
    if (x < 0) {putchar('-'); x = -x;}
    if (x > 9) write(x / 10);
    putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}

// 输出行
template <typename T> inline void writeln(T x)
{
    write(x);
    puts("");
}