C# 封装RabbitMQ消息队列处理
现在使用.net领域使用RabbitMQ有很多解决方案，我自己使用过的有两个，一个是EasyNetQ，一个是CAP，都挺好用的，尤其是CAP，懒人推荐使用，怎么使用的文章也很多，小伙伴可以自行搜索。
最近我自己尝试根据目前手头项目的需要，自行封装一下基于RabbitMQ的使用，下面开搞，贴上我自己写的代码。
首先定义消息发布者/生产者接口：
1 using System.Threading.Tasks;
2
3 namespace fx.MQ
4 {
5 public interface IPublisher
6 {
7 /// <summary>
8 /// 释放资源。
9 /// </summary>
10 void Dispose();
11 /// <summary>
12 ///
13 /// </summary>
14 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
15 /// <param name="message"></param>
16 void Publish<T>(T message) where T : class;
17 /// <summary>
18 ///
19 /// </summary>
20 /// <param name="message"></param>
21 /// <param name="channelName"></param>
22 void Publish(string message, string channelName);
23 /// <summary>
24 ///
25 /// </summary>
26 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
27 /// <param name="message"></param>
28 /// <returns></returns>
29 Task PublishAsync<T>(T message) where T : class;
30 }
31 }
定义订阅者/消费者接口：
1 using System;
2 using System.Threading.Tasks;
3
4 namespace fx.MQ
5 {
6 public interface ISubscriber
7 {
8 /// <summary>
9 ///
10 /// </summary>
11 void Dispose();
12 /// <summary>
13 ///
14 /// </summary>
15 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
16 /// <param name="channelName"></param>
17 /// <returns></returns>
18 void Subscribe(string channelName, Action<string> callback);
19 /// <summary>
20 ///
21 /// </summary>
22 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
23 /// <param name="channelName"></param>
24 /// <returns></returns>
25 Task<T> SubscribeAsync<T>(string channelName) where T : class;
26 }
27 }
定义RabbmitMQProvider
1 using RabbitMQ.Client;
2 using System;
3 using System.Collections.Generic;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace fx.MQ
7 {
8 public class RabbitMQProvider
9 {
10 private readonly string _ipAddress;
11 private readonly int? _port;
12 private readonly string _username;
13 private readonly string _password;
14
15 public RabbitMQProvider(string ipAddress, int? port, string username, string password)
16 {
17 _ipAddress = ipAddress ?? throw new ArgumentException("IP地址不能为空！");
18 _port = port ?? throw new ArgumentException("端口不能为空");
19 _username = username ?? throw new ArgumentException("用户名不能为空");
20 _password = password ?? throw new ArgumentException("密码不能为空");
21
22 ConnectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory//创建连接工厂对象
23 {
24 HostName = _ipAddress,//IP地址
25 Port = (int)_port,//端口号
26 UserName = _username,//用户账号
27 Password = _password//用户密码
28 };
29 }
30
31 public IConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory { get; }
32
33 }
34 }
实现生产者：
1 using Newtonsoft.Json;
2 using RabbitMQ.Client;
3 using System;
4 using System.Text;
5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
6
7 namespace fx.MQ
8 {
9 /// <summary>
10 /// 消息发布者。
11 /// </summary>
12 public class RabbitMQPublisher : IPublisher
13 {
14
15 private readonly RabbitMQProvider _provider;
16 private IConnection _connection;
17 public RabbitMQPublisher(RabbitMQProvider provider)
18 {
19 _provider = provider;
20 _connection = _provider.ConnectionFactory.CreateConnection();
21 }
22
23 public IConnection Connection
24 {
25 get
26 {
27 if (_connection != null)
28 return _connection;
29 return _connection = _provider.ConnectionFactory.CreateConnection();
30 }
31 }
32
33 private IModel _channel;
34 public IModel Channel
35 {
36 get
37 {
38 if (_channel != null)
39 return _channel;
40 else
41 return _channel = _connection.CreateModel();
42 }
43 }
44
45 public void Dispose()
46 {
47 if (Channel != null)
48 {
49 if (Channel.IsOpen)
50 Channel.Close();
51 Channel.Abort();
52 Channel.Dispose();
53 }
54
55 if (Connection != null)
56 {
57 if (Connection.IsOpen)
58 Connection.Close();
59 }
60 }
61
62 public void Publish<T>(T message) where T : class
63 {
64 var channelName = typeof(T).Name;
65 Channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: channelName, type: "fanout", durable: false, autoDelete: false, null);
66
67 var msgContent = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(message);
68 var msgByte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msgContent);
69 Channel.BasicPublish
70 (
71 exchange: channelName,
72 routingKey: string.Empty,
73 mandatory: false,
74 basicProperties: null,
75 body: msgByte
76 );
77 }
78
79
80 public void Publish(string message, string channelName)
81 {
82 Channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: channelName, type: "fanout", durable: false, autoDelete: false, null);
83
84 var msgByte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
85 Channel.BasicPublish
86 (
87 exchange: channelName,
88 routingKey: string.Empty,
89 mandatory: false,
90 basicProperties: null,
91 body: msgByte
92 );
93 }
94
95 public Task PublishAsync<T>(T message) where T : class
96 {
97 throw new NotImplementedException();
98 }
99 }
100 }
实现消费者：
1 using RabbitMQ.Client;
2 using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
3 using System;
4 using System.Collections.Generic;
5 using System.Text;
6 using System.Threading.Tasks;
7
8 namespace fx.MQ
9 {
10 /// <summary>
11 /// 消息订阅者/消费者。
12 /// </summary>
13 public class RabbitMQSubscriber : ISubscriber
14 {
15 private readonly RabbitMQProvider _provider;
16 private IConnection _connection;
17 public RabbitMQSubscriber(RabbitMQProvider provider)
18 {
19 _provider = provider;
20 _connection = _provider.ConnectionFactory.CreateConnection();
21 }
22
23 public IConnection Connection
24 {
25 get
26 {
27 if (_connection != null)
28 return _connection;
29 return _connection = _provider.ConnectionFactory.CreateConnection();
30 }
31 }
32
33 private IModel _channel;
34 public IModel Channel
35 {
36 get
37 {
38 if (_channel != null)
39 return _channel;
40 else
41 return _channel = _connection.CreateModel();
42 }
43 }
44
45
46 public void Dispose()
47 {
48 if (_channel != null)
49 {
50 _channel.Abort();
51 if (_channel.IsOpen)
52 _channel.Close();
53
54 _channel.Dispose();
55 }
56
57 if (_connection != null)
58 {
59 if (_connection.IsOpen)
60 _connection.Close();
61
62 _connection.Dispose();
63 }
64 }
65
66 /// <summary>
67 /// 消费消息，并执行回调。
68 /// </summary>
69 /// <param name="channelName"></param>
70 /// <param name="callback"></param>
71 public void Subscribe(string channelName, Action<string> callback)
72 {
73 //声明交换机
74 Channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: channelName, type: "fanout");
75 //消息队列名称
76 var queueName = channelName + "_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "");
77 //声明队列
78 Channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
79 //将队列与交换机进行绑定
80 Channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: channelName, routingKey: "");
81 //声明为手动确认，每次只消费1条消息。
82 Channel.BasicQos(0, 1, false);
83 //定义消费者
84 var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(Channel);
85 //接收事件
86 consumer.Received += (eventSender, args) =>
87 {
88 var message = args.Body;//接收到的消息
89
90 callback(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(message));
91 //返回消息确认
92 Channel.BasicAck(args.DeliveryTag, true);
93 };
94 //开启监听
95 Channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: false, consumer: consumer);
96
97 }
98
99 public Task<T> SubscribeAsync<T>(string channelName) where T : class
100 {
101 throw new NotImplementedException();
102 }
103 }
104 }
到这里为止，简单的实现消息队列的接受，发送，已经满足我自己当前项目的需要了。这里我用的exchange进行消息队列的生产消费，并且用fanout模式，就是一个生产者对应多个消费者，有点类似于消息广播，另外还有两种模式，可以根据需要修改。
下面是测试代码：
1 using System;
2 using System.Windows.Forms;
3
4 namespace fx.MQ.TestForm
5 {
6 public partial class Form1 : Form
7 {
8 private readonly RabbitMQProvider _provider;
9 private readonly RabbitMQPublisher _publisher;
10 private readonly RabbitMQSubscriber _subscriber;
11 delegate void Callback(string msg);
12
13 public Form1()
14 {
15 _provider = new RabbitMQProvider("192.168.101.199", 5672, "admin", "admin");
16 _publisher = new RabbitMQPublisher(_provider);
17 _subscriber = new RabbitMQSubscriber(_provider);
18 //callback = new Callback(ShowMessage);
19 InitializeComponent();
20 }
21
22 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23 {
24 _publisher.Publish(textBox1.Text, "public");
25 }
26
27 private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
28 {
29
30 _subscriber.Subscribe("public", c=> {
31 ShowMessage(c);
32 });
33 }
34
35
36 private void ShowMessage(string msg)
37 {
38 if (this.richTextBox1.InvokeRequired)
39 {
40 var cb = new Callback(ShowMessage);
41 this.Invoke(cb, new object[] { msg });
42 }
43 else
44 {
45 this.richTextBox1.Text = msg;
46 }
47 }
48 }
49 }
运行效果如图所示：
OK，没有问题。
另外注意，退出程序时消息发布者和订阅者都需要Dispose()来释放连接。
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