docker基础用法
docker基础用法
Docker是什么？
《Docker开发实践》中讲了个故事：20世纪60年代以前的海运，货物都放置在一起，很容易挤压受损。同时，不同的运输方式之间的转运也很麻烦，例如从码头和火车汽车转运卸货时。不同货物和不同交通工具之间的组合是一个巨大的二维矩阵。海运界最后达成了一致，制定了国际标准集装箱来解决这个棘手的问题。所有货物都打包进集装箱互相隔离，所有交通工具都通过集装箱转运，极大地提供了运输的安全性和效率。
在软件开发中我们也经常碰到同样的问题，使用了各种各样技术框架的应用程序，从前端静态网站到后端数据库，从PHP到Java，以及多种多样的部署环境，从测试服务器到线上环境，从虚拟机到公有云等等。Docker，正是这个集装箱，而Docker的logo也的确是个集装箱。
Docker与容器和虚拟机
很自然地我们会问，Docker跟虚拟机有什么区别啊？这个问题可以拆成两部分。因为Docker并不是什么完全独创的技术，而是属于很早便有了的容器技术，所以第一个问题就是容器与虚拟机的区别？同属于容器技术，Docker的兄弟姐妹还有Solaris Zones、BSD jails、LXC等。但Docker现在这么火，自然有它的独到之处，所以第二个问题就是Docker与其他容器的区别？
关于第一个问题比较简单，容器是一种轻量级的虚拟技术。它不像虚拟机那样具有一套完整的CPU、内存和磁盘，对操作系统有绝对的权限。容器和宿主主机共享内核，所有容器共享操作系统，在一台物理机上可以运行成百上千的容器。第二个问题稍麻烦一些，与LXC相比，Docker对配置进行了抽象，使应用在任何平台上的运行环境都一致。同时提供了版本控制、镜像托管等类似Git的现代化设施和生态圈。
总体来看，Docker的应用场景有：
- 加速本地开发：快速搭建好开发环境和运行环境
- 自动打包和部署应用
- 创建轻量级的私有Paas环境
- 自动化测试和持续集成
- 创建安全沙盒
OCI&OCF
OCI
Open Container-initiative（开源的容器的一个建议或倡导）
-
由Linux基金会主导于2015年6月创立
-
旨在围绕容器格式和运行时制定一个开放的工业化标准
-
contains two specifications
-
the Runtime Specification（runtime-spec）运行时规范
- the Image Specification（image-spec）形象规范
OCF
开源的容器的格式 runC是一个命令行工具，是用于根据OCI规范生成和运行容器
- 容器作为runC的子进程启动，可以嵌入到各种其他系统中，而无需运行守护进程
- runC构建在libcontainer上，这项容器技术为数百万Docker引擎安装提供了动力
docker提供了一个专门容纳容器镜像的站点：https://hub.docker.com/
docker架构
docker镜像与镜像仓库
为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。
镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。
docker对象
使用docker时，您正在创建和使用图像、容器、网络、卷、插件和其他对象。
-
图像
- 图像是只读模板，其中包含创建docker容器的说明。
- 通常，一个图像基于另一个图像，并进行一些额外的自定义。
- 您可以创建自己的图像，也可以只使用其他人创建并在注册表中发布的图像。
-
容器
- conntainer是映像的可运行实例。 您可以使用docker API或CLI创建、运行、停止、移动或删除容器。
- 您可以将容器连接到一个或多个网络，将存储连接到容器，甚至可以基于其当前状态创建新映像。
安装及使用docker
————————————————
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Linux-Media.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo salt.repo
CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1919 100 1919 0 0 6505 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 6505
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Linux-Media.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo docker-ce.repo
CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo salt.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
26 files removed
[root@master yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
[root@master ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
[root@master ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
> {
> "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
> }
> EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
}
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
}
[root@master ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 20.10.11
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 7.561GiB
Name: master
ID: STJ5:7XDT:LWUF:OZDV:T54I:FQEF:PL6Q:NNIV:Y72B:7KH6:YQJP:TD2S
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@master ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 20.10.11
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 7.561GiB
Name: master
ID: H7BS:C42K:OBNS:WRKG:XW42:YPXI:3O73:IAMQ:GQVV:T4QE:7CZZ:NQTK
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@master ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.11
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.16.9
Git commit: dea9396
Built: Thu Nov 18 00:36:58 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.11
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.16.9
Git commit: 847da18
Built: Thu Nov 18 00:35:20 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.12
GitCommit: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
runc:
Version: 1.0.2
GitCommit: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
常规操作
[root@master ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15899 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2098 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 819 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 285
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 160
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 147 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 144 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 110 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 79 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 60 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 57
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 54
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 28
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 25 [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 22
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 16
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
flashspys/nginx-static Super Lightweight Nginx Image 11 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 3 [OK]
arnau/nginx-gate Docker image with Nginx with Lua enabled on … 1 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building … 0
[root@master ~]# docker pull nginx:1.20.2
1.20.2: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Pull complete
1f3e1e3ef6aa: Pull complete
231009cab23f: Pull complete
b2ef879f0046: Pull complete
5495a7eec709: Pull complete
ddde57a4eac9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6ce65dd1f3bf44fa60a0212f0f893b78a706f20f09c884b43de50037067d9f5d
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.20.2
docker.io/library/nginx:1.20.2
docker images 列出镜像的详细信息
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.20.2 aedf7f31bdab 2 weeks ago 141MB
docker create 创建一个新的容器
[root@master ~]# docker create nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Already exists
1e5351450a59: Pull complete
2df63e6ce2be: Pull complete
9171c7ae368c: Pull complete
020f975acd28: Pull complete
266f639b35ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
28c96de20ae344bfd23b7bbe899081891a51d38d031ee2852bf2de5870f363fb
[root@master ~]# docker create busybox sleep 3600
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
3aab638df1a9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:52817dece4cfe26f581c834d27a8e1bcc82194f914afe6d50afad5a101234ef1
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
a76bbe95785826e82d5d7878a7ad660124589835b5b2a08cd55d6bb7fc2a6242
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" 7 seconds ago Created nostalgic_edison
28c96de20ae3 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 32 seconds ago Created dreamy_taussig
[root@master ~]# docker start a76bbe957858
a76bbe957858
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" 51 seconds ago Up 8 seconds nostalgic_edison
docker ps 列出容器
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a 列出所以容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" About a minute ago Up 39 seconds nostalgic_edison
28c96de20ae3 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Created dreamy_taussig
docker start 启动一个或多个停止的容器
[root@master ~]# docker start a76bbe957858
a76bbe957858
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" 3 minutes ago Up 2 minutes nostalgic_edison
docker restart 重新启动容器
[root@master ~]# docker restart a76bbe957858
a76bbe957858
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" 3 minutes ago Up 4 seconds nostalgic_edison
docker stop 停止一个或多个正在运行的容器
[root@master ~]# docker stop a76bbe957858
a76bbe957858
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
docker kill 杀死一个或多个正在运行的容器
[root@master ~]# docker start a76bbe957858
a76bbe957858
[root@master ~]# docker kill a76bbe957858
a76bbe957858
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" 6 minutes ago Exited (137) 5 seconds ago nostalgic_edison
28c96de20ae3 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 minutes ago Created dreamy_taussig
docker run 在新容器中运行命令
[root@master ~]# docker run -it busybox /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
[root@master ~]# docker run -d httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
eff15d958d66: Already exists
ba1caf8ba86c: Pull complete
ab86dc02235d: Pull complete
0d58b11d2867: Pull complete
e88da7cb925c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1d71eef54c08435c0be99877c408637f03112dc9f929fba3cccdd15896099b02
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
3bffd1458f09d041b13b75049182ebdcfc2cde2d40052cccc8b9ba945debee7a
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3bffd1458f09 httpd "httpd-foreground" 3 seconds ago Up 1 second 80/tcp infallible_williams
docker logs 获取容器的日志
[root@master ~]# docker logs 3bffd1458f09
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Dec 02 05:02:45.085769 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139700460145984] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Dec 02 05:02:45.085879 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139700460145984] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
docker rm 卸下一个或多个容器
[root@master ~]# docker rm -f 3bffd1458f09
3bffd1458f09
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4543fe8b6cfd busybox "/bin/sh" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago wizardly_panini
a76bbe957858 busybox "sleep 3600" 9 minutes ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago nostalgic_edison
28c96de20ae3 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 10 minutes ago Created dreamy_taussig
[root@master ~]# docker ps -aq
4543fe8b6cfd
a76bbe957858
28c96de20ae3
[root@master ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
4543fe8b6cfd
a76bbe957858
28c96de20ae3
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
docker exec 在正在运行的容器中运行命令
docker info 显示系统范围的信息
[root@master ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)
Server:
Containers: 2
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 2
Images: 4
Server Version: 20.10.11
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 7.561GiB
Name: master
ID: H7BS:C42K:OBNS:WRKG:XW42:YPXI:3O73:IAMQ:GQVV:T4QE:7CZZ:NQTK
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
Live Restore Enabled: false
docker inspect 返回有关Docker对象的低级信息
[root@master ~]# docker start 031a2f8d3141
031a2f8d3141
[root@master ~]# docker inspect 031a2f8d3141
[
{
"Id": "031a2f8d31413ddd5f41e636400fb14afb4d947b73fcad7b1472fe9d01b46d10",
"Created": "2021-12-02T05:05:55.178269462Z",
"Path": "httpd-foreground",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 104338,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-12-02T05:11:31.274069596Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-12-02T05:06:41.377032061Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:ad17c88403e2cedd27963b98be7f04bd3f903dfa7490586de397d0404424936d",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/031a2f8d31413ddd5f41e636400fb14afb4d947b73fcad7b1472fe9d01b46d10/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/031a2f8d31413ddd5f41e636400fb14afb4d947b73fcad7b1472fe9d01b46d10/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/031a2f8d31413ddd5f41e636400fb14afb4d947b73fcad7b1472fe9d01b46d10/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/031a2f8d31413ddd5f41e636400fb14afb4d947b73fcad7b1472fe9d01b46d10/031a2f8d31413ddd5f41e636400fb14afb4d947b73fcad7b1472fe9d01b46d10-json.log",
"Name": "/festive_jones",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d990cd615ae2906eacf0f993130a46abb6530dcb86edb5de3472dc5c51c8ddf-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7ef982c162606c0a8da3f08aec24a5f7909ca2f41a18839ce8fe2d9bc15f9ee1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/408692bd1a12a54077884a7bb77a2fe3465a8ec0568c86b66dcecb7675ea0371/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1553511188edf9188fe93cc4293240825f85fdfc375de397e1de72cc07a150c4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cbb5fac7cbbdbaab7c8cabe719087b615072d6e302185bc0d4171c5b304d23e6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/759523812ada49ebcf88d5359e4aac546962ef50b55607c0a686301954c6fc8d/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d990cd615ae2906eacf0f993130a46abb6530dcb86edb5de3472dc5c51c8ddf/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d990cd615ae2906eacf0f993130a46abb6530dcb86edb5de3472dc5c51c8ddf/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d990cd615ae2906eacf0f993130a46abb6530dcb86edb5de3472dc5c51c8ddf/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "031a2f8d3141",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
"HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.51",
"HTTPD_SHA256=20e01d81fecf077690a4439e3969a9b22a09a8d43c525356e863407741b838f4",
"HTTPD_PATCHES="
],
"Cmd": [
"httpd-foreground"
],
"Image": "httpd",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {},
"StopSignal": "SIGWINCH"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "66c75f078b330247d433808b246bd752282a7e43138c264b0309995a5c5b9339",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/66c75f078b33",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "53442821c73d2f99cfe895a1387c05c10be2cb9171517ce743f203dce3eae7d8",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f51c0a4c804924007188ef7c5d60b42e782875cde6dc4301a6f31feb3915049c",
"EndpointID": "53442821c73d2f99cfe895a1387c05c10be2cb9171517ce743f203dce3eae7d8",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@master ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
码头加速
docker-ce 的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，这个文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置这个文件来实现的。
码头的加速有多种方式：
- 码头工人
- 中国科技大学加速器
- 阿里云加速器（通过阿里云开发者平台注册需要，免费使用个人智能的加速器）
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
}
EOF
浙公网安备 33010602011771号