postfix邮箱服务器搭建并实现web访问——基础环境和安装postfix

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

本示例基于LNMP环境。

1. 准备工作

关闭selinux

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
Permissive
[root@localhost ~]#

关闭firewalld防火墙，并清空iptables规则：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -X
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 38 packets, 7291 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 12 packets, 1208 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
[root@localhost ~]#

由于CentOS7默认安装的是MariaDB，所以要添加MySQL的yum源，有些编译需要的devel包只有epel扩展源有，所以我们需要把epel源也一并添加。因为是通过wget命令从下载地址中下载，但是最小化安装的CentOS7不自带wget命令，还需要先安装

yum install -y wget
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

2. 安装postfix

首先需要安装编译环境及其他所需要的包，免得一会编译过程中老报缺少包的错误，因为需要安装的包有点多，所以这个过程有点慢：

yum install nginx vim gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel db4-devel ntpdate mysql mysql-devel mysql-server bzip2 php-mysql cyrus-sasl-md5 perl-GD perl-DBD-MySQL perl-GD perl-CPAN perl-CGI perl-CGI-Session cyrus-sasl-lib cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel libtool-ltdl-devel telnet mail libicu-devel  -y

安装完以上所需的包后，开始编译安装postfix：

1、首先卸载系统自带的postfix，并删除postfix用户，重新指定uid、gid创建新用户postfix，postdrop，嫌一条条命令去执行有点麻烦就写成脚本文件去执行：

yum remove postfix -y
userdel postfix
groupdel postdrop
groupadd -g 2525 postfix
useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
groupadd -g 2526 postdrop
useradd -g postdrop -u 2526 -s /sbin/nologin -M postdrop

2、下载源码包并解压编译（如果下载地址失效就到官网去找下载连接）：

cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://cdn.postfix.johnriley.me/mirrors/postfix-release/official/postfix-3.0.11.tar.gz
tar -zxvf postfix-3.0.11.tar.gz
cd postfix-3.0.11
make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DUSE_TLS ' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lrt -lm -L/usr/lib64/sasl2 -lsasl2   -lssl -lcrypto'
make && make install
echo $?

在make install环节的时候会有个交互式的界面，可以自定义一些目录，我这里只更改了第二项临时文件目录，其他的都选择了默认目录：

 

Please specify the prefix for installed file names. Specify this ONLY
if you are building ready-to-install packages for distribution to OTHER
machines. See PACKAGE_README for instructions.
install_root: [/] 

Please specify a directory for scratch files while installing Postfix. You
must have write permission in this directory.
tempdir: [/usr/local/src/postfix-3.0.11] /tmp/extmail     // 就只更改这一项为tmp目录，其他的全部默认

Please specify the final destination directory for installed Postfix
configuration files.
config_directory: [/etc/postfix] 

Please specify the final destination directory for installed Postfix
administrative commands. This directory should be in the command search
path of adminstrative users.
command_directory: [/usr/sbin] 

Please specify the final destination directory for installed Postfix
daemon programs. This directory should not be in the command search path
of any users.
daemon_directory: [/usr/libexec/postfix] 

Please specify the final destination directory for Postfix-writable
data files such as caches or random numbers. This directory should not
be shared with non-Postfix software.
data_directory: [/var/lib/postfix] 

Please specify the final destination directory for the Postfix HTML
files. Specify "no" if you do not want to install these files.
html_directory: [no] 

Please specify the owner of the Postfix queue. Specify an account with
numerical user ID and group ID values that are not used by any other
accounts on the system.
mail_owner: [postfix] 

Please specify the final destination pathname for the installed Postfix
mailq command. This is the Sendmail-compatible mail queue listing command.
mailq_path: [/usr/bin/mailq] 

Please specify the final destination directory for the Postfix on-line
manual pages. You can no longer specify "no" here.
manpage_directory: [/usr/local/man] 

Please specify the final destination pathname for the installed Postfix
newaliases command. This is the Sendmail-compatible command to build
alias databases for the Postfix local delivery agent.
newaliases_path: [/usr/bin/newaliases] 

Please specify the final destination directory for Postfix queues.
queue_directory: [/var/spool/postfix] 

Please specify the final destination directory for the Postfix README
files. Specify "no" if you do not want to install these files.
readme_directory: [no]

Please specify the final destination pathname for the installed Postfix
sendmail command. This is the Sendmail-compatible mail posting interface.
sendmail_path: [/usr/sbin/sendmail] 

Please specify the group for mail submission and for queue management
commands. Specify a group name with a numerical group ID that is
not shared with other accounts, not even with the Postfix mail_owner
account. You can no longer specify "no" here.
setgid_group: [postdrop] 

Please specify the final destination directory for Postfix shared-library
files.
shlib_directory: [no]

3、更改目录的属主和属组：

chown -R postfix:postdrop /var/spool/postfix
chown -R postfix:postdrop /var/lib/postfix/
chown root /var/spool/postfix
chown -R root /var/spool/postfix/pid

4、修改postfix的配置文件：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
myhostname = mail.wanghj.com        //设置主机名
mydomain = wanghj.com        //指定域名
myorigin = $mydomain        //指明发件人所在的域名
inet_interfaces = all         //all指定postfix系统监听的网络接口
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost,$mydomain        //指定postfix接收邮件时收件人的域名 [使用虚拟域需要禁用]
mynetworks_style = host        //指定信任网段类型
mynetworks = 192.168.40.60/24, 127.0.0.0/8        //指定信任的客户端
relay_domains = $mydestination        //指定允许中转邮件的域名
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases        //设置邮件的别名

5、然后需要在/etc/init.d/目录下提供一个脚本来管理postfix的启动与停止：

[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# vim /etc/init.d/postfix

把下面的内容放在/etc/init.d/postfix里面：

#!/bin/bash
#
# postfix      Postfix Mail Transfer Agent
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 30
# description: Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent, which is the program \
#              that moves mail from one machine to another.
# processname: master
# pidfile: /var/spool/postfix/pid/master.pid
# config: /etc/postfix/main.cf
# config: /etc/postfix/master.cf

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ $NETWORKING = "no" ] && exit 3

[ -x /usr/sbin/postfix ] || exit 4
[ -d /etc/postfix ] || exit 5
[ -d /var/spool/postfix ] || exit 6

RETVAL=0
prog="postfix"

start() {
     # Start daemons.
     echo -n $"Starting postfix: "
        /usr/bin/newaliases >/dev/null 2>&1
     /usr/sbin/postfix start 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog start"
     RETVAL=$?
     [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/postfix
        echo
     return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
  # Stop daemons.
     echo -n $"Shutting down postfix: "
     /usr/sbin/postfix stop 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog stop"
     RETVAL=$?
     [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/postfix
     echo
     return $RETVAL
}

reload() {
     echo -n $"Reloading postfix: "
     /usr/sbin/postfix reload 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog reload"
     RETVAL=$?
     echo
     return $RETVAL
}

abort() {
     /usr/sbin/postfix abort 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog abort"
     return $?
}

flush() {
     /usr/sbin/postfix flush 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog flush"
     return $?
}

check() {
     /usr/sbin/postfix check 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog check"
     return $?
}

restart() {
     stop
     start
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
     start
     ;;
  stop)
     stop
     ;;
  restart)
     stop
     start
     ;;
  reload)
     reload
     ;;
  abort)
     abort
     ;;
  flush)
     flush
     ;;
  check)
     check
     ;;
  status)
       status master
     ;;
  condrestart)
     [ -f /var/lock/subsys/postfix ] && restart || :
     ;;
  *)
     echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|abort|flush|check|status|condrestart}"
     exit 1
esac

exit $?

为脚本添加执行权限，并将服务添加到开机启动项中：

[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postfix
[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# chkconfig --add postfix
[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# chkconfig postfix on
[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# chown postfix.postfix -R /var/lib/postfix/
[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# chown postfix.postfix /var/spool/ -R

[root@localhost /var/www/extsuite/extman]# service postfix start
Starting postfix (via systemctl):                          [  确定  ]