实验五

1.1

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5

void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax);

int main() {
    int a[N];
    int min, max;

    printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
    input(a, N);

    printf("数据是: \n");
    output(a, N);

    printf("数据处理...\n");
    find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max);

    printf("输出结果:\n");
    printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max);

    return 0;
}

void input(int x[], int n) {
    int i;

    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

void output(int x[], int n) {
    int i;
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        printf("%d ", x[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) {
    int i;
    
    *pmin = *pmax = x[0];

    for(i = 1; i < n; ++i)
        if(x[i] < *pmin)
            *pmin = x[i];
        else if(x[i] > *pmax)
            *pmax = x[i];
}

找出五个数据中的最大最小值 x[0]

1.2

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5

void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
int *find_max(int x[], int n);

int main() {
    int a[N];
    int *pmax;

    printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
    input(a, N);

    printf("数据是: \n");
    output(a, N);

    printf("数据处理...\n");
    pmax = find_max(a, N);

    printf("输出结果:\n");
    printf("max = %d\n", *pmax);

    return 0;
}

void input(int x[], int n) {
    int i;

    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}

void output(int x[], int n) {
    int i;
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        printf("%d ", x[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

int *find_max(int x[], int n) {
    int max_index = 0;
    int i;

    for(i = 1; i < n; ++i)
        if(x[i] > x[max_index])
            max_index = i;
    
    return &x[max_index];
}

找到最大值并返回其地址 可以

2.1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80

int main() {
    char s1[] = "Learning makes me happy";
    char s2[] = "Learning makes me sleepy";
    char tmp[N];

    printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n");
    printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1));
    printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1));

    printf("\nbefore swap: \n");
    printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
    printf("s2: %s\n", s2);

    printf("\nswapping...\n");
    strcpy(tmp, s1);
    strcpy(s1, s2);
    strcpy(s2, tmp);

    printf("\nafter swap: \n");
    printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
    printf("s2: %s\n", s2);

    return 0;
}

4 字符串所占字节数 有效字符数

2.2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80

int main() {
    char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy";
    char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy";
    char *tmp;

    printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n");
    printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1));
    printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1));

    printf("\nbefore swap: \n");
    printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
    printf("s2: %s\n", s2);

    printf("\nswapping...\n");
    tmp = s1;
    s1 = s2;
    s2 = tmp;

    printf("\nafter swap: \n");
    printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
    printf("s2: %s\n", s2);

    return 0;
}

字符串的初始地址 s1所占的字节数 字符串所占用的有效字节数

不能，前者是地址常量不能复制，后者是指针变量

地址 没有

3

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}};
    int i, j;
    int *ptr1;     
    int(*ptr2)[4]; 

    printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
            printf("%d ", x[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }

    printf("\n输出2: 使用指向元素的指针变量ptr1间接访问二维数组元素\n");
    for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) {
        printf("%d ", *ptr1);

        if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0)
            printf("\n");
    }
                         
    printf("\n输出3: 使用指向一维数组的指针变量ptr2间接访问二维数组元素\n");
    for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) {
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
            printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j));
        printf("\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

前者指向一堆数组相当于下x []  后者是ptr[] 的地址

4.1

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80

void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); 

int main() {
    char text[N] = "c programming is difficult or not, it is a question.";

    printf("原始文本: \n");
    printf("%s\n", text);

    replace(text, 'i', '*'); 

    printf("处理后文本: \n");
    printf("%s\n", text);

    return 0;
}


void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) {
    int i;

    while(*str) {
        if(*str == old_char)
            *str = new_char;
        str++;
    }
}

old-char变为new-char 可以

4.2

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80

void str_trunc(char *str, char x);

int main() {
    char str[N];
    char ch;

    printf("输入字符串: ");
    gets(str);

    printf("输入一个字符: ");
    ch = getchar();

    printf("截断处理...\n");
    str_trunc(str, ch);

    printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n", str);

}

void str_trunc(char *str, char x) {
    while(*str) {
        if(*str == x)
          *str='\0';
          str++;     

     
    }

  
}

5.1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void sort(char *name[], int n);

int main() {
    char *course[4] = {"C Program",
                       "C++ Object Oriented Program",
                       "Operating System",
                       "Data Structure and Algorithms"};
    int i;

    sort(course, 4);

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        printf("%s\n", course[i]);

    return 0;
}

void sort(char *name[], int n) {
    int i, j;
    char *tmp;

    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
        for (j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; ++j)
            if (strcmp(name[j], name[j + 1]) > 0) {
                tmp = name[j];
                name[j] = name[j + 1];
                name[j + 1] = tmp;
            }
}

5.2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void sort(char *name[], int n);

int main() {
    char *course[4] = {"C Program",
                       "C++ Object Oriented Program",
                       "Operating System",
                       "Data Structure and Algorithms"};
    int i;

    sort(course, 4);
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        printf("%s\n", course[i]);

    return 0;
}

void sort(char *name[], int n) {
    int i, j, k;
    char *tmp;

    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        k = i;
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
            if (strcmp(name[j], name[k]) < 0)
                k = j;

        if (k != i) {
            tmp = name[i];
            name[i] = name[k];
            name[k] = tmp;
        }
    }
}

交换的是指针变量的值

6

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 5

int check_id(char *str);

int main() {
    char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X",
                    "330106199609203301",
                    "53010220051126571",
                    "510104199211197977",
                    "53010220051126133Y"};
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
        if (check_id(pid[i])) 
            printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]);
        else
            printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]);

    return 0;
}


int check_id(char *str) {
  int k=0;
  while(*str)
  {
      str++;
      k++;
  }
  if(k!=18)
  return 0;
  str=str-k;
  for(k=0;k<18;k++)
  {
      if(k==17)
      {
          if(*(str+k)!='X'&&(*(str+k)<'0'||*(str+k)>'9'))
      return 0;
      }
      else if(*(str+k)<'0'||*(str+k)>'9')
      return 0;
  }
  
   
}

7

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
void encoder(char *str); 
void decoder(char *str); 

int main() {
    char words[N];

    printf("输入英文文本: ");
    gets(words);

    printf("编码后的英文文本: ");
    encoder(words); 
    printf("%s\n", words);

    printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: ");
    decoder(words); 
    printf("%s\n", words);

    return 0;
}


void encoder(char *str) {
    while(*str) {
        if((*str>='a'&&*str<'z')||(*str>='A'&&*str<'Z'))
    (*str)++;
    else if(*str=='z')
    *str='a';
    else if(*str=='Z')
    *str='A';
    str++;
}
    
    }
  
void decoder(char *str) {
    while(*str){
    if((*str>'a'&&*str<'z')||(*str>='A'&&*str<'Z'))
    (*str)--;
    else if(*str=='a')
    *str='z';
    else if(*str=='A')
    *str='Z';
    str++;
}
 
}