Linux中的basename和dirname命令

1. dirname

# dirname --help
Usage: dirname [OPTION] NAME...
Output each NAME with its last non-slash component and trailing slashes
removed; if NAME contains no /'s, output '.' (meaning the current directory).

  -z, --zero separate output with NUL rather than newline
       --help display this help and exit
       --version output version information and exit

Examples:
  dirname /usr/bin/ -> "/usr"
  dirname dir1/str dir2/str -> "dir1" followed by "dir2"
  dirname stdio.h -> "."

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'dirname invocation'

手册页“Print  NAME  with  its  trailing  /component  removed; if NAME contains no /’s, output ‘.’ (meaning the current directory).”该命令可以取给定路径的目录部分（strip non-directory suffix from file name）。这个命令很少直接在shell命令行中使用，一般把它用在shell脚本中，用于取得脚本文件所在目录，然后将当前目录切换过去。

★常用示例

示例一: # /usr/bin为获取到的目录
[root@local ~]# dirname /usr/bin/sort
/usr/bin

示例二: # 如无/则获取当前目录.
[root@local ~]# dirname stdio.h
.

示例三: # 含/和无/，其结果和不含/效果一样的
[root@local ~]# dirname /usr/bin
/usr
[root@local ~]# dirname /usr/bin/
/usr

示例四: # 获取多个目录列表，以换行为分隔
[root@local ~]# dirname dir1/file1 dir2/file2
dir1
dir2

示例五: # 获取多个目录列表，以NUL为分隔
[root@local ~]# dirname -z dir1/file1 dir2/file2
dir1dir2

★脚本用法

!/bin/bash
# 跳转到脚本所在目录
cd $(dirname "$0") || exit 1

# 对上面的脚本的解释
$0  当前Shell程序的文件名
dirname $0  获取当前Shell程序的路径
cd $(dirname $0)   进入当前Shell程序的目录
exit 1  如果获取不到则退出脚本

 

2. basename

# basename --help
Usage: basename NAME [SUFFIX]
or: basename OPTION... NAME...
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --multiple support multiple arguments and treat each as a NAME
  -s, --suffix=SUFFIX remove a trailing SUFFIX
  -z, --zero separate output with NUL rather than newline
       --help display this help and exit
       --version output version information and exit

Examples:
  basename /usr/bin/sort -> "sort"
  basename include/stdio.h .h -> "stdio"
  basename -s .h include/stdio.h -> "stdio"
  basename -a any/str1 any/str2 -> "str1" followed by "str2"

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'basename invocation'

basename命令用于去掉文件名的目录和后缀（strip directory and suffix from filenames），对应的dirname命令用于截取目录

★常用示例

示例一 # 获取到最后文件名sort
[root@local ~]# basename /usr/bin/sort
sort

示例二 # 去除文件名后缀
[root@local ~]# basename /usr/include/stdio.h .h
stdio
[root@local ~]# basename /usr/include/stdio.h stdio.h
stdio.h

示例三 # 去除文件名后缀方式的另外一种方法
[root@local ~]# basename -s .h /usr/include/stdio.h
stdio

示例四 # 获取多个目录下的文件列表，以换行符\n为分隔
[root@local ~]# basename -a dir1/file1 dir2/file2
file1
file2

示例五 # 获取多个目录下的文件列表，以NUL为分隔
[root@local ~]# basename -a -z dir1/file1 dir2/file2
file1file2
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Jerry_1126/article/details/79872110