实验1 类和对象_基础编程1
实验一
实验代码:
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// 标准库string, vector, array基础用法 #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <array> // 函数模板 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象,使用范围for输出 template<typename T> void output1(const T& obj) { for (auto i : obj) std::cout << i << ", "; std::cout << "\b\b \n"; } // 函数模板 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象,使用迭代器输出 template<typename T> void output2(const T& obj) { for (auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p) std::cout << *p << ", "; std::cout << "\b\b \n"; } // array模板类基础用法 void test_array() { using namespace std; array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象,包含5个int元素,未初始化 cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数 x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充 x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999 x1[4] = -999; // 把下表为4的元素值修改为-999 cout << "x1: "; output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1 cout << "x1: "; output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1 array<int, 5> x2{ x1 }; cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl; x2.fill(22); cout << "x2: "; output1(x2); swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1, x2 cout << "x1: "; output1(x1); cout << "x2: "; output1(x2); } // vector模板类基础用法 void test_vector() { using namespace std; vector<int> v1; cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数 cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数 v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素 cout << "v1: "; output1(v1); vector<int> v2{ 1, 0, 5, 2 }; v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素 v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入 cout << v2.size() << endl; cout << "v2: "; output2(v2); vector<int> v3(5, 42); //创建vector对象,包含5个元素,每个元素值都是42 cout << "v3: "; output1(v3); vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2); // 创建vector对象,以v3对象的[v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2)区间作为元素值 cout << "v4: "; output1(v4); } // string类基础用法 void test_string() { using namespace std; string s1{ "oop" }; cout << s1.size() << endl; for (auto& i : s1) i -= 32; s1 += "2023"; s1.append(", hello"); cout << s1 << endl; } int main() { using namespace std; cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl; test_array(); cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl; test_vector(); cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl; test_string(); }
运行结果:

实验二
实验代码:
#include <iostream> #include <complex> // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex void test_std_complex() { using namespace std; complex<double> c1{ 3, 4 }, c2{ 4.5 }; const complex<double> c3{ c2 }; cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl; cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl; cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl; cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag() << endl; cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl; cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl; cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库数学函数,对复数取模 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl; cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl; complex<double> c4 = 2; cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl; c4 += c1; cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl; } int main() { test_std_complex(); }
运行结果:

实验三
实验代码:
// 一个简单的类T:定义、使用 #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; // 类T的声明 class T { public: T(int x = 0, int y = 0);// 带有默认形值的构造函数 T(const T& t);// 复制构造函数 T(T&& t);// 移动构造函数 ~T();// 析构函数 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数 private: int m1, m2; public: static void disply_count(); // 类方法,显示当前T类对象数目 public: static const string doc; // 类属性,用于描述T类 static const int max_count; // 类属性,用于描述T类对象的上限 private: static int count; // 类属性,用于描述当前T类对象数目 }; // 类的static数据成员:类外初始化 const string T::doc{ "a simple class" }; const int T::max_count = 99; int T::count = 0; // 类T的实现 T::T(int x, int y) : m1{ x }, m2{ y } { ++count; cout << "constructor called.\n"; } T::T(const T& t) : m1{ t.m1 }, m2{ t.m2 } { ++count; cout << "copy constructor called.\n"; } T::T(T&& t) : m1{ t.m1 }, m2{ t.m2 } { ++count; cout << "move constructor called.\n"; } T::~T() { --count; cout << "destructor called.\n"; } void T::set_m1(int x) { m1 = x; } int T::get_m1() const { return m1; } int T::get_m2() const { return m2; } void T::display() const { cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl; } // 类方法 void T::disply_count() { cout << "T objects: " << count << endl; } // 友元函数func():实现 void func() { T t1; t1.set_m1(55); t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员,依然可以直接访问 t1.display(); } // 测试 void test() { cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl; cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl; T::disply_count(); T t1; t1.display(); t1.set_m1(42); T t2{ t1 }; t2.display(); T t3{ std::move(t1) }; t3.display(); t1.display(); T::disply_count(); } // 主函数 int main() { cout << "============测试类T============" << endl; test(); cout << endl; cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl; func(); }
实验结果:

实验四
实验代码:
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; // 矩形类Rect的定义 class Rect { public: // 类属性 static const char* doc; // 对象属性 double length; double width; // 构造函数 Rect(double l = 2.0, double w = 1.0) : length(l), width(w) { size++; } // 复制构造函数 Rect(const Rect& other) : length(other.length), width(other.width) { size++; } // 析构函数 ~Rect() { size--; } // 普通函数成员 double len() { return length; } double wide() { return width; } double area() { return length * width; } double circumference() { return 2 * (length + width); } void resize(double times) { length *= times; width *= times; } void resize(double l_times, double w_times) { length *= l_times; width *= w_times; } // 静态成员函数 static int size_info() { return size; } private: // 类方法 static int size; // 友元函数 friend void output(const Rect& rect); }; const char* Rect::doc = "Rect class to represent rectangles."; int Rect::size = 0; void output(const Rect& r) { cout << "矩形信息: " << endl; cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // 控制输出格式:以浮点数形式输出,小数部分保留两位 } // 补足代码:分行输出矩形长、宽、面积、周长 void output(const Rect & rect) { std::cout << "矩形信息:" << std::endl; std::cout << "长度: " << rect.length << std::endl; std::cout << "宽度: " << rect.width << std::endl; std::cout << "面积: " << rect.area() << std::endl; std::cout << "周长: " << rect.circumference() << std::endl; } // 测试代码 void test() { cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl; cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl; Rect r1; output(r1); Rect r2(4, 3); output(r2); Rect r3(r2); r3.resize(2); output(r3); r3.resize(5, 2); output(r3); cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl; } // 主函数 int main() { test(); cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl; }

实验五:
#include <iostream> #include <cmath> // 复数类Complex:定义 // 待补足 class Complex{ private: double real; double imag; public: // 构造函数 Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) {} // 成员函数 double get_real() const { return real; } double get_imag() const { return imag; } void show() const { std::cout << real; if (imag >= 0) { std::cout << " + " << imag << "i"; } else { std::cout << " - " << -imag << "i"; } } void add(const Complex& other) { real += other.real; imag += other.imag; } // 友元函数 friend Complex add(const Complex& a, const Complex& b); friend bool is_equal(const Complex& a, const Complex& b); friend double abs(const Complex& a); }; Complex add(const Complex& a, const Complex& b) { return Complex(a.real + b.real, a.imag + b.imag); } bool is_equal(const Complex& a, const Complex& b) { return a.real == b.real && a.imag == b.imag; } double abs(const Complex& a) { return std::sqrt(a.real * a.real + a.imag * a.imag); } // 复数类Complex: 测试 void test() { using namespace std; Complex c1(3, -4); const Complex c2(4.5); Complex c3(c1); cout << "c1 = "; c1.show(); cout << endl; cout << "c2 = "; c2.show(); cout << endl; cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl; cout << "c3 = "; c3.show(); cout << endl; cout << "abs(c1) = "; cout << abs(c1) << endl; cout << boolalpha; cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl; cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl; Complex c4; c4 = add(c1, c2); cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = "; c4.show(); cout << endl; c1.add(c2); cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = "; c1.show(); cout << endl; } int main() { test(); }


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