netty中的WebSocket长连接开发
一、netty中的WebSocket长连接开发
在Netty中开发WebSocket长连接需要完成以下步骤:
- 创建WebSocket服务器
- 配置WebSocket服务器的ChannelHandler
- 实现业务处理逻辑
下面是相关的示例代码:
public class WebSocketServer {
private static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 8888;
public void start() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap()
.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 配置WebSocket协议参数
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
// 自定义的WebSocket消息处理器
pipeline.addLast(new MyWebSocketHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(HOST, PORT).sync();
System.out.println("WebSocket server started at port " + PORT);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new WebSocketServer().start();
}
}
在上述代码中,我们采用了Netty的ServerBootstrap来创建WebSocket服务器。在通道的pipeline中添加了一些WebSocket协议相关的处理器:
- HttpServerCodec:将HTTP请求和响应消息编解码为HTTP消息
- HttpObjectAggregator:聚合HTTP消息分段
- ChunkedWriteHandler:支持异步写大的码流(例如大文件传输),但不占用过多的内存,防止发生Java内存溢出
- WebSocketServerProtocolHandler:实现WebSocket协议的握手和控制帧处理
同时,我们还自定义了一个MyWebSocketHandler类来实现业务逻辑,该类需要继承ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter或其子类,并重写channelRead方法。
public class MyWebSocketHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
if (msg instanceof TextWebSocketFrame) {
String text = ((TextWebSocketFrame) msg).text();
System.out.println("Received message: " + text);
// 业务逻辑处理代码...
// 发送消息给客户端
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("Hello, client!"));
} else {
super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
}
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
在MyWebSocketHandler类中,我们重写了channelRead方法,该方法会在接收到消息时被调用。在该方法中,我们可以根据业务需求进行处理,并向客户端发送消息。
通过上述代码,我们就可以实现基于Netty的WebSocket长连接开发。

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