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前奏
l1 = [1, 2, 3] ret = str(l1) print(ret,type(ret)) print(eval(ret)) 不让用 文件存取时,遇到的矛盾. dic ={'username': '太白', 'password': 123} dic = {1: {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}, 2:{'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False}} 这个字典能放在全局么? with open('register.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1: f1.write(str(dic)) with open('register',encoding='utf-8') as f1: ret = f1.read() print(ret,type(ret)) 数据结构 --- > str() 字符串形式存储在文件当中, 读取出来时,反转不回去. 网络传输.（凡是数据通过网络传出去最终的格式必须bytes） l1 = [i for i in range(100000)] 凡是数据通过网络传出去最终的格式必须bytes s1 = str(l1) b1 = s1.encode('utf-8') print(b1) b1可以发送出去 s2 = b1.decode('utf-8') print(s2,type(s2)) s2 转化不成列表了. 我们现在要解决的问题: 如果有一种特殊的字符串,这个字符串可以与任何的数据结构互相转换. -
序列化模块(序列化模块: 将一中数据结构转化成特殊的序列(特殊的字符串,bytes)并且还可以反转回去.)
将一个数据结构(list,dict....)转化成一个特殊的序列(特殊的字符串)的过程.
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json模块：json模块: 是所有语言公认的一种序列.最最常用的所以支持的python数据结构有限: int str bool dict list(tuple),None,float
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两对四个方法：
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dumps,loads 主要用于网络传输,可以用于文件的存取.
import json dumps,loads 主要用于网络传输,可以用于文件的存取. dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} ret = json.dumps(dic) print(ret,type(ret)) ret_dict = json.loads(ret) print(ret_dict) 特殊的参数 dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} print(dic) ret = json.dumps(dic,ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True) print(ret,type(ret)) import json dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} s_dict = json.dumps(dic) with open('jsonlx.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1: f1.write(s_dict) with open('jsonlx.json',encoding='utf-8') as f2: content = f2.read() print(json.loads(content)) -
dump load: 单个数据的存取文件.
dump load: 单个数据的存取文件. import json dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} with open('jsonlx1.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1: json.dump(dic,f1) with open('jsonlx1.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1: dic1 = json.load(f1) print(dic1,type(dic1)) -
多个数据如何存储到一个文件中?
多个数据如何存储到一个文件中? 错误演示: import json dic1 = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} dic2 = {'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False} dic3 = {'username': 'ly', 'password': 123,'status': False} with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1: f1.write(json.dumps(dic1)) f1.write(json.dumps(dic2)) f1.write(json.dumps(dic3)) f1.write(f'{json.dumps(dic1)}{json.dumps(dic2)}{json.dumps(dic3)}') with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1: ret = json.loads(f1.read()) print(ret) 正确做法: import json dic1 = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} dic2 = {'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False} dic3 = {'username': 'ly', 'password': 123,'status': False} with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1: f1.write(f'{json.dumps(dic1)}\n{json.dumps(dic2)}\n{json.dumps(dic3)}') with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1: for line in f1: ret = json.loads(line) print(ret,type(ret))
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pickle模块：pickle模块: 只能python语言中使用的,序列化模块:支持python所有的数据类型以及对象.
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dumps,loads 只能是网络传输
l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑', 666] ret = pickle.dumps(l1) print(ret) l2 = pickle.loads(ret) print(l2,type(l2)) -
dump load 数据结构存取文件.
dump load 数据结构存取文件. import pickle l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑', 666] with open('pickle练习.pickle',mode='wb') as f1: pickle.dump(l1,f1) with open('pickle练习.pickle', mode='rb') as f1: ret = pickle.load(f1) print(ret,type(ret)) -
多个数据写入文件
l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑1', 666] l2 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑2', 666] l3 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑3', 666] with open('pickle练习1.pickle',mode='wb') as f1: pickle.dump(l1,f1) pickle.dump(l2,f1) pickle.dump(l3,f1) with open('pickle练习1.pickle', mode='rb') as f1: ret1 = pickle.load(f1) ret2 = pickle.load(f1) ret3 = pickle.load(f1) print(ret1,ret2,ret3)
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shevle模块(只能是文件存取)
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os模块
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目录：文件夹
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工作目录,当前目录,父级目录: day17
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import os print(os.getcwd()) D:\s23\day17 绝对路径 *** os.chdir(r'D:\s23\day9') print(os.getcwd()) print(os.curdir) print(os.pardir)
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h和文件相关的
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import os os.makedirs('dirname1/dirname2/dirname3/dirname4') 多级目录 os.removedirs('dirname1/dirname2/dirname3/dirname4') 截止到有文件的那层 os.mkdir(r'd:\abc') 单级目录 os.rmdir('abc') print(os.listdir(r'D:\s23\day15')) os.remove() 删除一个文件 *** os.rename("oldname","newname") 重命名文件/目录 *** print(os.stat(r'D:\s23\day17\01 昨日内容回顾.py'))
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path 和路径相关
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path 和路径相关 *** print(os.path.abspath('04 os模块.py')) D:\s23\day17\01 昨日内容回顾.py print(os.path.split(os.path.abspath('01 昨日内容回顾.py'))) ('D:\\s23\\day17', '01 昨日内容回顾.py') print(os.path.dirname(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py')) 获取父级目录 print(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('01 昨日内容回顾.py'))) print(__file__) 动态获取当前文件的绝对路径 获取当前文件的爷爷级的目录 print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) print(os.path.basename(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py')) 获取文件名 print(os.path.exists(r'D:\s23\day9\02 初始函数.py')) 判断是否是绝对路径 print(os.path.isabs(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py')) print(os.path.isabs(r'day17/01 昨日内容回顾.py')) 判断该路径是否是一个文件路径 print(os.path.isfile(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py')) print(os.path.isfile(r'D:\s23\day9')) print(os.path.isdir(r'D:\s23\day17\dirname1\dirname2')) print(os.path.exists(r'D:\s23\day17\dirname1\dirname2')) 判断是否是一个目录(文件夹) print(os.path.isdir(r'D:\s23\day17\02 序列化模块.py')) D:\s23\day16\评论文章 path = os.path.join('D:','s23','day20','随便') print(path) par_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__) print(par_dir) D:/s23/day17 path = r'D:\s23\day17\db\lydata' path = par_dir + '\db' +'\lydata' path = os.path.join(par_dir,'db','lydata') with open(path,encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1: f1.write('李业在红浪漫消费998元') print(os.path.getatime('D:\s23\day17\db\lydata')) print(os.path.getmtime('D:\s23\day17\db\lydata')) print(os.path.getsize('D:\s23\day17\db\lydata')) print(os.stat(r'D:\s23\day17\01 昨日内容回顾.py'))
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sys模块(sys.path )
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import sys sys.path *** print(sys.version) 版本 for i in range(3): print(i) exit() 强制退出 quit() for i in range(5): print(i) print(sys.platform)
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hashlib模块
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加密模块, 摘要算法,散列算法,等等.它是一堆加密算法的集合.
liye|zmdsb 太白|123明文形式存储的,带来安全隐患
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hashlib如何加密?
1. 将一个bytes类型的数据 通过hashlib进行加密返回 一个等长度的16进制数字. 2. 过程不可逆. 3. 相同的bytes类型的数据通过相同的加密方法得到的数字绝对相同. 4. 不相同的bytes类型的数据通过相同的加密方法得到的数字绝对不相同. -
撞库（相较简单的密码）
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hashlib用途
1. 密码加密. 2. 文件一致性校验. -
密码加密
密码加密 md5 ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update('123'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s)) ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update('123'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s)) ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update('223'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s)) ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update('22fdslkafjdsklfdsjalfaklfjdslkfjdslkfjdsalf;dsajkfldsjf3'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s)) -
撞库
ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update('123456*@qwe'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s)) -
加固定盐
ret = hashlib.md5('xxx教育'.encode('utf-8')) ret.update('123456'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s)) -
加动态的盐
username = input('输入用户名:').strip() password = input('输入密码').strip() ret = hashlib.md5(username[::2].encode('utf-8')) ret.update(password.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s) -
sha系列: 安全系数高,耗时高.
加盐,加动态盐 ret = hashlib.sha512() ret.update('123456fdklsajflsdfjsdlkafjafkl'.encode('utf-8')) s = ret.hexdigest() print(s,type(s))
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文件的一致性校验:
low版 import hashlib ret = hashlib.md5() with open('MD5文件校验',mode='rb') as f1: content = f1.read() ret.update(content) print(ret.hexdigest()) ret = hashlib.md5() with open('MD5文件校验1',mode='rb') as f1: content = f1.read() ret.update(content) print(ret.hexdigest()) ret = hashlib.md5() with open(r'D:\s23\day17\python-3.7.4rc1-embed-win32.zip',mode='rb') as f1: content = f1.read() ret.update(content) print(ret.hexdigest()) d9c18c989c474c7629121c9d59cc429e d9c18c989c474c7629121c9d59cc429e分布update
s1 = '老男孩教育 最好的python 讲师 是 太白' 1 ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update(s1.encode('utf-8')) print(ret.hexdigest()) 2 ret = hashlib.md5() ret.update('老男孩教育'.encode('utf-8')) ret.update(' 最好的python'.encode('utf-8')) ret.update(' 讲师 是'.encode('utf-8')) ret.update(' 太白'.encode('utf-8')) print(ret.hexdigest()) 90c56d265a363292ec70c7074798c913 高达上版 import hashlib def md5_file(path): ret = hashlib.md5() with open(path,mode='rb') as f1: while 1: content = f1.read(1024) if content: ret.update(content) else: return ret.hexdigest() print(md5_file(r'D:\s23\day17\python-3.7.4rc1-embed-win32.zip'))
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