Redis配置文件

如果配置文件修改，需要重启服务才能生效

配置安装包中的两个配置文件

GitHub上面下载下来的Redis安装包（windows版本的。windows版本的官网给出的下载也是在git上面的。）里面有两个配置文件。一个叫做redis.windows.conf，另外一个叫做redis.windows-service.conf。其实他们没有没有太大的区别，唯一区别就是redis.windows-service.conf中开启了日志。

还有就是安装redis服务的时候，如果没有指定配置文件，则默认使用的是redis.windows-service.conf。

配置文件一段一段分析

注：配置文件中以#号开头的都是注释。具体启用的配置项  一行开头不能有空格，否则报错。

 

# Redis configuration file example

这个就是个说明。Redis配置项例子。

 

单位介绍

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

内存单位说明，当需要内存的时候，他可能通常格式被指定为1k 5GB 4M等等

中间的是单位换算

单位不区分大小敏感，1GB 2Gb 1gB是一样的。

 

 包含其他配置文件

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# include .\path\to\local.conf
# include c:\path\to\other.conf

这个是包含配置项。可以把其他配置文件包含进来。

可以创建一些标准通用的redis模板用在所有的redis服务上，但是对于每一个redis服务你也必须手动配置一些服务选项。包含的配置文件也可以包含其他的配置文件。

命令行不能重新配置这个配置项，如果有多个配置文件对同一项进行配置，按最后一次为准。这一项包含配置最好放在配置文件的开头可以避免一些冲突。其实就是一个先后顺序问题，按最后一次加在的配置算。

 

网络配置

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bind 127.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
#    "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
protected-mode yes

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
#    equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 60 seconds.
tcp-keepalive 0

BIND

如果不指定bind，就会redis就会监听服务器上所有的网络接口。

指定监听IP例子

192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
127.0.0.1 ::1

localhost 是一个域名，在过去它指向 127.0.0.1 这个IP地址。在操作系统支持 ipv6 后，它同时还指向ipv6 的地址 [::1]
在 Windows 中，这个域名是预定义的，从 hosts 文件中可以看出：
# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost

127.0.0.1本机回送地址，请求不会经过网络。

如果把bind设置为具体的IP，是危险的，所有的人都可以访问的到，所以默认的设置bind为127.0.0.1，只有本机访问本机。

protected-mode

yes时只能本机访问。也就是127.0.0.1 。保护模式，禁止外网访问，需要外网访问的时候关闭这个东西。（生产环境中一般是一个可信的环境，为什么可信   环境是自己配置的，我们把这个设置为no，因为是一个可信的环境，所以外网是访问不到的。）

 

注：生产中redis是禁止外网访问的，因为被人访问到就可以操作数据。(但是有时候必须外网访问   就 通过重命名配置)

 PORT

指定redis监听端口，默认为6379

如果端口设置为0，Redis就不会监听TCP套接字。

tcp-backlog

高并发的时候把这个值调的大一点

在TCP中，backlog是一个建议值，用于指定内部的队列大小，以控制同时建立的连接请求数量。

timeout

设置客户端连接时的超时时间，单位为秒。当客户端在这段时间内没有发出任何指令，那么关闭该连接

默认值：0代表禁用，永不关闭

 

 

通用配置

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS daemonize no

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS supervised no

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output.
logfile "server_log.txt"

# To enable logging to the Windows EventLog, just set 'syslog-enabled' to
# yes, and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# If Redis is installed and launched as a Windows Service, this will
# automatically be enabled.
syslog-enabled yes

# Specify the source name of the events in the Windows Application log.
syslog-ident redis

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

loglevel

指定日志记录级别

Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose

debug 记录很多信息，用于开发和测试

varbose 很多精简的有用信息，不像debug会记录那么多

notice 普通的verbose，常用于生产环境

warning 只有非常重要或者严重的信息会记录到日志

logfile

 配置log文件名称和全路径地址

 

syslog-enabled

系统日志开启关闭

yes开启日志

no关闭日志

syslog-ident

系统日志标识   默认为syslog-ident redis            （系统日志  可以百度windows系统日志）

 

databases

可用数据库数，默认值为16，  就是有16个数据库

 

 

快照配置   RDB

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./

save <seconds> <changes>

数据更新规则   多少seconds（秒） 多少changes(改变数量)  就保存一次。   这些叫做存盘点

save 900 1　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　900秒有一个改变的保存一次

save 300 10　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 300秒有10个改变就保存一次

save 60 10000　　　　　　　　　　　　　　60秒有10000个改变就保存一次

 

stop-writes-on-bgsave-error

如果启用如上的快照（RDB），在一个存盘点之后，可能磁盘会坏掉或者权限问题，redis将依然能正常工作。

（客户端可以通过sava和bgsava手动的进行一次rdb持久化，sava是调用前台线程的 所以会阻碍客户端其他操作，bgsave是起子线程的）

rdbcompression

存储数据时是否压缩数据。默认是yes。如果想节省CPU资源可以将其设置成no，但是字符串存储在磁盘上占用空间会很大

rdbchecksum

rdb文件的校验，如果校验将避免文件格式坏掉，如果不校验将在每次操作文件时要付出校验过程的资源新能，将此参数设置为no，将跳过校验

dbfilename

缓存文件名字

dir

rdb文件 日志文件  缓存文件目录  默认 .\ 当前目录

 也可以./db/

复制，就是主从数据库

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
#    stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
#    a given number of slaves.
# 2) Redis slaves are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
#    master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
#    time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
#    sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
#    network partition slaves automatically try to reconnect to masters
#    and resynchronize with them.
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>

# When a slave loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
#    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
#    but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a slave instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a slave instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a slave will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default slaves are read-only.
#
# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
slave-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# -------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: DISKLESS REPLICATION IS EXPERIMENTAL CURRENTLY
# -------------------------------------------------------
#
# New slaves and reconnecting slaves that are not able to continue the replication
# process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a "full
# synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the slaves.
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
#                 file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
#                 process to the slaves incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
#              RDB file to slave sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more slaves
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child producing
# the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead once
# the transfer starts, new slaves arriving will be queued and a new transfer
# will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple slaves
# will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
repl-diskless-sync no

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the slaves.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new slaves arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the server
# waits a delay in order to let more slaves arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5

# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
# seconds.
#
# repl-ping-slave-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings).
# 3) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
#
# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# slave data when slaves are disconnected for some time, so that when a slave
# wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a partial
# resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the slave missed while
# disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be
# disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog
# will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that
# need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for
# the backlog buffer to be freed.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output.
# It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a
# master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three slaves with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel will
# pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the slave as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a slave with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
slave-priority 100

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N slaves need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-slaves-to-write 3
# min-slaves-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.

slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

指定主库 IP 和端口

masterauth <master-password>

如果主库有密码，则设置密码

slave-serve-stale-data

当slave丢失与master的连接时，或者slave仍然在于master进行数据同步时（还没有与master保持一致），slave可以有两种方式来响应客户端请求：

 1) 如果 slave-serve-stale-data 设置成 'yes' (the default) slave会仍然响应客户端请求,此时可能会有问题。

 2) 如果 slave-serve-stale data设置成  'no'  slave会返回"SYNC with master in progress"这样的错误信息。 但 INFO 和SLAVEOF命令除外。

slave-read-only

从数据库只读

 

 

repl-diskless-sync（REPLICATION-DISKLESS-）

是否使用socket方式复制数据。目前redis复制提供两种方式，disk和socket（socket也叫做diskless）。如果新的slave连上来或者重连的slave无法部分同步，就会执行全量同步，master会生成rdb文件。有2种方式：disk方式是master创建一个新的进程把rdb文件保存到磁盘，再把磁盘上的rdb文件传递给slave。socket是master创建一个新的进程，直接把rdb文件以socket的方式发给slave。disk方式的时候，当一个rdb保存的过程中，多个slave都能共享这个rdb文件。socket的方式就的一个个slave顺序复制。在磁盘速度缓慢，网速快的情况下推荐用socket方式。

repl-diskless-sync-delay

diskless复制的延迟时间，防止设置为0。一旦复制开始，节点不会再接收新slave的复制请求直到下一个rdb传输。所以最好等待一段时间，等更多的slave连上来

repl-ping-slave-period

slave根据指定的时间间隔向服务器发送ping请求(心跳包)。时间间隔可以通过 repl_ping_slave_period 来设置，默认10秒。

　　　　redis集群里面会用到这个配置

repl-timeout

复制连接超时时间。master和slave都有超时时间的设置。master检测到slave上次发送的时间超过repl-timeout，即认为slave离线，清除该slave信息。slave检测到上次和master交互的时间超过repl-timeout，则认为master离线。需要注意的是repl-timeout需要设置一个比repl-ping-slave-period更大的值，不然会经常检测到超时。

 

 

安全

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
# requirepass foobared

# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.

requirepass

密码

rename-command

重命名指令名字，      rename-command CONFIG ""          这个就是禁用了config这个指令，在命令行中这个指令就不能用了。

 

 

限制

################################### LIMITS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# maxclients 10000

# If Redis is to be used as an in-memory-only cache without any kind of
# persistence, then the fork() mechanism used by the background AOF/RDB
# persistence is unnecessary. As an optimization, all persistence can be
# turned off in the Windows version of Redis. This will redirect heap
# allocations to the system heap allocator, and disable commands that would
# otherwise cause fork() operations: BGSAVE and BGREWRITEAOF.
# This flag may not be combined with any of the other flags that configure
# AOF and RDB operations.
# persistence-available [(yes)|no]

# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU cache, or to set
# a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# WARNING: not setting maxmemory will cause Redis to terminate with an
# out-of-memory exception if the heap limit is reached.
#
# NOTE: since Redis uses the system paging file to allocate the heap memory,
# the Working Set memory usage showed by the Windows Task Manager or by other
# tools such as ProcessExplorer will not always be accurate. For example, right
# after a background save of the RDB or the AOF files, the working set value
# may drop significantly. In order to check the correct amount of memory used
# by the redis-server to store the data, use the INFO client command. The INFO
# command shows only the memory used to store the redis data, not the extra
# memory used by the Windows process for its own requirements. Th3 extra amount
# of memory not reported by the INFO command can be calculated subtracting the
# Peak Working Set reported by the Windows Task Manager and the used_memory_peak
# reported by the INFO command.
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select among five behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
#       operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
#
#       At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#       getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs a bit more CPU. 3 is very fast but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

maxclients

最大链接数，0表示不限制。

maxmemory

最大可使用内存。如果超过，Redis会试图删除EXPIRE集合中的keys，具体做法是：Redis会试图释放即将过期的#keys，而保护还有很长生命周期的keys。警告：如果你想把Redis视为一个真正的DB的话，那不要设置<maxmemory>,只有你只想把Redis作为cache或者有状态的server（'state' server)时才需要设置。

maxmemory-policy

超过内存的时候，内存清除策略。

volatile-lru -> 使用LRU算法来删除过期的set
allkeys-lru -> 删除任何遵循LRU算法的key
volatile-random ->随机地删除过期set中的key
allkeys->random -> 随机地删除一个key
volatile-ttl -> 删除最近即将过期的key（the nearest expire time (minor TTL)）
noeviction -> 根本不过期，写操作直接报错

maxmemory-samples

对于处理redis内存来说，LRU和minor TTL算法不是精确的，而是近似的（估计的）算法。所以我们会检查某些样本来达到内存检查的目的。默认的样本数是5，你可以修改它。（清除前先检查一下，是不是符合的。）

 

 

AOF

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes

appendonly

默认情况下，Redis会异步的把数据保存到硬盘。如果你的应用场景允许因为系统崩溃等极端情况而导致最新数据丢失的话，那这种做法已经很ok了。否则你应该打开‘append only’模式，开启这种模式后，Redis会在appendonly.aof文件中添加每一个写操作，这个文件会在Redis启动时被读取来在内存中重新构建数据集。
注意：如果你需要，你可以同时开启‘append only’模式和异步dumps模式（你需要注释掉上面的‘save’表达式来禁#止dumps），这种情况下，Redis重建数据集时会优先使用appendonly.aof而忽略dump.rdb

appendfilename

AOF保存的文件名字。默认appendonly.aof

appendfsync

每一个命令，都立即同步到aof文件中去（很安全，但是速度慢，因为每一个命令都会进行一次磁盘操作）
appendfsync always
每秒将数据写一次到aof文件（推荐）
appendfsync everysec
将写入工作交给操作系统，由操作系统来判断缓冲区大小，统一写到aof文件（速度快，但是同步频率低，容易丢数据）
appendfsync no

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite

在RDB持久化数据的时候，此时的aof操作是否停止，若为yes则停止
在停止的这段时间内，执行的命令会写入内存队列，等RDB持久化完成后，统一将这些命令写入aof文件
该参数的配置是考虑到RDB持久化执行的频率低，但是执行的时间长，而AOF执行的频率高，执行的时间短，
若同时执行两个子进程（RDB子进程、AOF子进程）效率会低（两个子进程都是磁盘读写）
但是若改为yes可能造成的后果是，由于RDB持久化执行时间长，在这段时间内有很多命令写入了内存队列，
最后导致队列放不下，这样AOF写入到AOF文件中的命令可能就少了很多
在恢复数据的时候，根据aof文件恢复就会丢很多数据
所以，选择no就好
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage

AOF重写：把内存中的数据逆化成命令，然后将这些命令重新写入aof文件
重写的目的：假设在我们在内存中对同一个key进行了100次操作，最后该key的value是100，
那么在aof中就会存在100条命令日志，这样的话，有两个缺点：
1）AOF文件过大，占据硬盘空间 2）根据AOF文件恢复数据极慢（需要执行100条命令）
如果我们将内存中的该key逆化成"set key 100"，然后写入aof文件，
那么aof文件的大小会大幅度减少，而且根据aof文件恢复数据很快（只需要执行1条命令）
注意：下边两个约束都要满足的条件下，才会发生aof重写；
假设没有第二个，那么在aof的前期，只要稍微添加一些数据，就发生aof重写
当aof的增长的百分比是原来的100%（即是原来大小的2倍，例如原来是100m，下一次重写是当aof文件是200m的时候），AOF重写
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100

auto-aof-rewrite-min-size

auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb #AOF重写仅发生在当aof文件大于64m时

 

 

 

鲁尔脚本

################################ LUA SCRIPTING  ###############################

# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
# reply to queries with an error.
#
# When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the
# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was
# already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural
# termination of the script.
#
# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
lua-time-limit 5000

lua-time-limit

每秒最大执行次数

 

redis集群

################################ REDIS CLUSTER  ###############################
#
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# WARNING EXPERIMENTAL: Redis Cluster is considered to be stable code, however
# in order to mark it as "mature" we need to wait for a non trivial percentage
# of users to deploy it in production.
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#
# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000

# A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a slave to actually have a exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the slave-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of 10 seconds, the
# slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a slave at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that slaves will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-slave-validity-factor 10

# Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working slaves.
#
# Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a slave
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working slave for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1

# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least an hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at http://redis.io web site.

 cluster-enabled

启动集群，  设置为yes。只有设置为yes才能算的第一个集群节点

cluster-config-file

指定集群配置文件名字，              这个文件  自动生成，自动维护

cluster-node-timeout

连接超时时间。