Matplotlib学习笔记（一）

原   matplotlib学习笔记

 

参考：Python数据科学入门教程

Python3.6.1

jupyter notebook

In [41]:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

 

图例、标题和标签¶

In [3]:

x = [1,2,3]
y1 = [5,7,4]
y2 = [10,14,12]

In [10]:

plt.plot(x,y1,label = 'Line1')    #线条标签
plt.plot(x,y2,label = 'Line2')
plt.xlabel('X axis')              #坐标轴标签
plt.ylabel('Y axis')
plt.title('Line')                 #标题
plt.legend()                      #显示图例
plt.show()                        #显示图形

 

 

条形图和直方图¶

In [11]:

x1 = [1,3,5,7,9]
x2 = [2,4,6,8,10]
y1 = [3,5,7,8,10]
y2 = [4,6,9,10,15]

In [12]:

plt.bar(x1,y1,label = 'sample1',color = 'b')
plt.bar(x2,y2,label = 'sample2',color = 'r')

Out[12]:

<Container object of 5 artists>

In [14]:

plt.xlabel('bar number')
plt.ylabel('bar count')
plt.title('Bar Plot')

Out[14]:

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x1b1dc879160>

In [15]:

plt.legend()
plt.show()

 

 

注：颜色可以用16进制颜色代码(sublime)

In [16]:

population_ages = [22,55,62,45,21,22,34,42,42,4,99,102,110,120,121,122,130,111,115,112,80,75,65,54,44,43,42,48]

In [17]:

bins = list(range(0,140,10))

In [38]:

plt.hist(population_ages,bins=bins,histtype='bar',color ='b',rwidth=.8)

Out[38]:

(array([ 1.,  0.,  3.,  1.,  7.,  2.,  2.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  4.,  4.]),
 array([  0,  10,  20,  30,  40,  50,  60,  70,  80,  90, 100, 110, 120, 130]),
 <a list of 13 Patch objects>)

In [39]:

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('Histogram Plot')

Out[39]:

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x1b1dcbbb320>

In [40]:

plt.show()

 

 

散点图¶

In [42]:

plt.scatter(np.arange(10),np.random.randn(10),color = 'b')

Out[42]:

<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x1b1dcc99128>

In [43]:

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('Scatter Plot')

Out[43]:

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x1b1dcc69828>

In [44]:

plt.show()

 

 

注：标记颜色，大小和类型参考Matplotlib标记文档。

 

堆叠图¶

In [45]:

days = np.arange(1,6);days

Out[45]:

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

In [46]:

sleeping = [7,8,6,11,7]
eating = [2,3,4,3,2]
working = [7,8,7,2,2]
playing = [8,5,7,8,13]

 

尴尬。。。

In [64]:

plt.stackplot(days,sleeping,eating,working,playing,colors = ['m','c','r','k'])

Out[64]:

[<matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection at 0x1b1de02b780>,
 <matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection at 0x1b1de0794e0>,
 <matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection at 0x1b1de079b70>,
 <matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection at 0x1b1de083240>]

In [65]:

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('Stack Plot')

Out[65]:

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x1b1de043f28>

In [66]:

plt.show()

 

 

注：如何添加图例？

 

饼图¶

In [67]:

slices =[7,2,2,13]
act = ['sleeping','eating','working','playing']
colors = 'cmrb'

In [70]:

plt.pie(slices,labels=act,colors=colors,startangle=90,explode=(0,.1,0,0),shadow=True,autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.title('Pie Plot')
plt.show()

 

 

注：图例自动处理。

 

具体参数参考官方文档。¶