PHP开发笔记（2）CakePHP

安装 PHP 开发环境

PHP开发笔记（1）开发环境

安装使用 CakePHP

官方示例 CMS（内容管理）

# 创建新的应用程序
$ composer create-project --prefer-dist cakephp/app:4.* cms
$ cd cms
# 启动服务器
$ bin/cake server
# http://localhost:8765/

创建数据库

USE cake_cms;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    created DATETIME,
    modified DATETIME
);

CREATE TABLE articles (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id INT NOT NULL,
    title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    slug VARCHAR(191) NOT NULL,
    body TEXT,
    published BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
    created DATETIME,
    modified DATETIME,
    UNIQUE KEY (slug),
    FOREIGN KEY user_key (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
) CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE tags (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(191),
    created DATETIME,
    modified DATETIME,
    UNIQUE KEY (title)
) CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE articles_tags (
    article_id INT NOT NULL,
    tag_id INT NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (article_id, tag_id),
    FOREIGN KEY tag_key(tag_id) REFERENCES tags(id),
    FOREIGN KEY article_key(article_id) REFERENCES articles(id)
);

INSERT INTO users (email, password, created, modified)
VALUES
('cakephp@example.com', 'secret', NOW(), NOW());

INSERT INTO articles (user_id, title, slug, body, published, created, modified)
VALUES
(1, 'First Post', 'first-post', 'This is the first post.', 1, NOW(), NOW());

配置数据库

修改 config/app_local.php

    'Datasources' => [
        'default' => [
            'className' => 'Cake\Database\Connection',
            'driver' => 'Cake\Database\Driver\Mysql',
            'persistent' => false,
            'host' => 'localhost',
            'database' => 'cake_cms',
            'encoding' => 'utf8mb4',
            'timezone' => 'UTC',
            'cacheMetadata' => true,
        ],

模型类代码

<?php
// in src/Model/Table/ArticlesTable.php
namespace App\Model\Table;

use Cake\ORM\Table;
// the Text class
use Cake\Utility\Text;
// the EventInterface class
use Cake\Event\EventInterface;
// the Validator class
use Cake\Validation\Validator;

class ArticlesTable extends Table
{
    public function initialize(array $config): void
    {
        $this->addBehavior('Timestamp');
    }
    public function beforeSave(EventInterface $event, $entity, $options)
    {
        if ($entity->isNew() && !$entity->slug) {
            $sluggedTitle = Text::slug($entity->title);
            // trim slug to maximum length defined in schema
            $entity->slug = substr($sluggedTitle, 0, 191);
        }
    }
    public function validationDefault(Validator $validator): Validator
    {
        $validator
            ->allowEmptyString('title', false)
            ->minLength('title', 10)
            ->maxLength('title', 255)
    
            ->allowEmptyString('body', false)
            ->minLength('body', 10);
    
        return $validator;
    }    
}

<?php
// src/Model/Entity/Article.php
namespace App\Model\Entity;

use Cake\ORM\Entity;

class Article extends Entity
{
    protected $_accessible = [
        '*' => true,
        'id' => false,
        'slug' => false,
    ];
}

控制器类代码

<?php
// src/Controller/ArticlesController.php
namespace App\Controller;

use App\Controller\AppController;

class ArticlesController extends AppController
{
    public function initialize(): void
    {
        parent::initialize();

        $this->loadComponent('Paginator');
        $this->loadComponent('Flash'); // Include the FlashComponent
    }
    public function index()
    {
        $articles = $this->Paginator->paginate($this->Articles->find());
        $this->set(compact('articles'));
    }
    public function view($slug)
    {
        $article = $this->Articles->findBySlug($slug)->firstOrFail();
        $this->set(compact('article'));
    }
    public function add()
    {
        $article = $this->Articles->newEmptyEntity();
        if ($this->request->is('post')) {
            $article = $this->Articles->patchEntity($article, $this->request->getData());

            // Hardcoding the user_id is temporary, and will be removed later
            // when we build authentication out.
            $article->user_id = 1;

            if ($this->Articles->save($article)) {
                $this->Flash->success(__('Your article has been saved.'));
                return $this->redirect(['action' => 'index']);
            }
            $this->Flash->error(__('Unable to add your article.'));
        }
        $this->set('article', $article);
    }
    public function edit($slug)
    {
        $article = $this->Articles
            ->findBySlug($slug)
            ->firstOrFail();
    
        if ($this->request->is(['post', 'put'])) {
            $this->Articles->patchEntity($article, $this->request->getData());
            if ($this->Articles->save($article)) {
                $this->Flash->success(__('Your article has been updated.'));
                return $this->redirect(['action' => 'index']);
            }
            $this->Flash->error(__('Unable to update your article.'));
        }
    
        $this->set('article', $article);
    }
    public function delete($slug)
    {
        $this->request->allowMethod(['post', 'delete']);
    
        $article = $this->Articles->findBySlug($slug)->firstOrFail();
        if ($this->Articles->delete($article)) {
            $this->Flash->success(__('The {0} article has been deleted.', $article->title));
            return $this->redirect(['action' => 'index']);
        }
    }    
}

视图代码

<!-- File: templates/Articles/add.php -->

<h1>Add Article</h1>
<?php
    echo $this->Form->create($article);
    // Hard code the user for now.
    echo $this->Form->control('user_id', ['type' => 'hidden', 'value' => 1]);
    echo $this->Form->control('title');
    echo $this->Form->control('body', ['rows' => '3']);
    echo $this->Form->button(__('Save Article'));
    echo $this->Form->end();
?>

<!-- File: templates/Articles/edit.php -->

<h1>Edit Article</h1>
<?php
    echo $this->Form->create($article);
    echo $this->Form->control('user_id', ['type' => 'hidden']);
    echo $this->Form->control('title');
    echo $this->Form->control('body', ['rows' => '3']);
    echo $this->Form->button(__('Save Article'));
    echo $this->Form->end();
?>

<!-- File: templates/Articles/index.php -->

<h1>Articles</h1>
<p><?= $this->Html->link("Add Article", ['action' => 'add']) ?></p>
<table>
    <tr>
        <th>Title</th>
        <th>Created</th>
        <th>Action</th>
    </tr>

<!-- Here's where we iterate through our $articles query object, printing out article info -->

<?php foreach ($articles as $article): ?>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <?= $this->Html->link($article->title, ['action' => 'view', $article->slug]) ?>
        </td>
        <td>
            <?= $article->created->format(DATE_RFC850) ?>
        </td>
        <td>
            <?= $this->Html->link('Edit', ['action' => 'edit', $article->slug]) ?>
            <?= $this->Form->postLink(
                'Delete',
                ['action' => 'delete', $article->slug],
                ['confirm' => 'Are you sure?'])
            ?>
        </td>
    </tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>

</table>

<!-- File: templates/Articles/view.php -->

<h1><?= h($article->title) ?></h1>
<p><?= h($article->body) ?></p>
<p><small>Created: <?= $article->created->format(DATE_RFC850) ?></small></p>
<p><?= $this->Html->link('Edit', ['action' => 'edit', $article->slug]) ?></p>