下面是创建springmvc简单案例的步骤：
项目的目录结构如下：
此案例使用maven构建。
第一步：创建动态web工程，然后项目->configure->convert to maven project，将web项目转化成maven项目
也可以直接创建maven项目
第二步：引入jar包
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>springmvc</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version> <aspectj.version>1.8.8</aspectj.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.21</slf4j.version> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <commons-lang3.version>3.3.2</commons-lang3.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring需要的jar包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- LOGGING begin --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- common-logging 实际调用slf4j --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- java.util.logging 实际调用slf4j --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- LOGGING end --> <!-- 单元测试需要的jar包 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- jstl需要的jar包 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- taglibs --> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
第三步：配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <!-- 配置 DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 配置 SpringMVC 配置文件的位置和名称 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern><!-- 响应所有请求 --> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
web.xml中配置了DispatcherServlet,指定了springmvc配置文件的位置和名称。
第四步：在类路径下创建springmvc的配置文件，文件名与web.xml中配置文件名称相同
springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd"> <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
springmvc.xml中指定了自动扫描的包，下面我们就需要创建com.springmvc这个包
第五步：在com.springmvc中创建HelloWorldController类
HelloWorldController.java
package com.springmvc; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller public class HelloWorldController { /** * 1. 使用 @RequestMapping 注解来映射请求的 URL * 2. 返回值会通过视图解析器解析为实际的物理视图, 对于 InternalResourceViewResolver 视图解析器, 会做如下的解析: * 通过 prefix + returnVal + 后缀 这样的方式得到实际的物理视图, 然会做转发操作 * * /WEB-INF/views/hello.jsp * * @return */ @RequestMapping(value="helloWorld",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String helloWorld(){ System.out.println("Hello World"); return "hello"; } }
按照之前的目录结构创建index.jsp、hello.jsp
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>首页</title> </head> <body> <a href="helloWorld">点击我跳转到hello.js页面</a> </body> </html>
hello.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>hello</title> </head> <body> <h4>hello page</h4> </body> </html>
将项目添加到tomcat中，并启动tomcat
访问：http://localhost:8080/springmvc/
可以看到如下页面：
点击链接，将会跳转到hello.jsp页面
这个小案例的流程大概是：点击 <a href="helloWorld">点击我跳转到hello.js页面</a> 超链接发送请求，由HelloWorldController中的helloWorld方法
来进行响应，返回到/WEB-INF/views/hello.jsp页面.
