Spring Cloud服务消费者(rest+ribbon)

在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

一、ribbon简介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
-----摘自官网
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:
  • IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
  • IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
  • IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
  • ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
  • ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
  • ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

二、准备工作

这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示:
如何一个工程启动多个实例,请看这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139

三、建一个服务消费者

重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [url]http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd[/url]">
       <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
       <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
       <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
       <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
       <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
       <name>service-ribbon</name>
       <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
       <parent>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
           <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
           <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
       </parent>
 
       <properties>
           <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
           <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
           <java.version>1.8</java.version>
       </properties>
 
       <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
           </dependency>
 
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
               <scope>test</scope>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
 
       <dependencyManagement>
           <dependencies>
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                   <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                   <type>pom</type>
                   <scope>import</scope>
               </dependency>
           </dependencies>
       </dependencyManagement>
 
       <build>
           <plugins>
               <plugin>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
               </plugin>
           </plugins>
       </build>
 
       <repositories>
           <repository>
               <id>spring-milestones</id>
               <name>Spring Milestones</name>
               <url>[url]https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>[/url]
               <snapshots>
                   <enabled>false</enabled>
               </snapshots>
           </repository>
       </repositories>
 
 
   </project>
在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下:
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eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-ribbon
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
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@SpringBootApplication
   @EnableDiscoveryClient
   public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
 
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
       }
 
       @Bean
       @LoadBalanced
       RestTemplate restTemplate() {
           return new RestTemplate();
       }
 
   }
写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:
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@Service
    public class HelloService {
 
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
        public String hiService(String name) {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
        }
 
    }
写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:
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@RestController
public class HelloControler {
 
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
        return helloService.hiService(name);
    }
 
}
在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
hi forezp,i am from port:8763
这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=”+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。

四、此时的架构

    • 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761
    • service-hi工程跑了两个实例,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册
    • sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
    • 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口;
    • 更多java学习资料可关注:itheimaGZ获取
posted @ 2020-02-27 10:05  幽暗森林之猪大屁  阅读(226)  评论(0)    收藏  举报