Ubuntu12.04内核升级并添加新的系统调用
一：内核升级
1.到https://www.kernel.org/下载最新稳定版内核包并mv到usr/src文件下，我当时下的是3.9.4版。tar.xz文件的解压可以参考这篇博文http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3610738-1-1.html
这样我们可以得到linux-3.9.4文件夹，见图1。
图1
将新内核准备就绪后我们就可以配置，编译并安装内核了。
2.进入刚刚解压的文件夹linux-3.9.4输入命令：make mrproper，这一步是为了清楚之前编译所留下的配置和备份等文件，如果是第一次本系统第一次编译内核则不需要此步操作。
图2
3.编译源代码之前必须要配置编译选项，针对不同机器可能会有不同的配置需求，配置的过程中会有许多选项，这里有一个简单点的方法——menuconfig，不过在这之前必须要按装ncurses。
到http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/下载你ncurses，可以放在任何文件夹中解压并按装：
cd ncurses<version> #进入解压缩的目录（注意版本）
./configure #按照你的系统环境制作安装配置文件
make #编译源代码并且编译NCURSES库
su root #切换到root用户环境
make install #安装编译好的NCURSES库
在终端键入make menuconfig
图3
因为这里提供了以加载的方式来配置编译文件，所以可以考虑复用之前系统的.config文件，不知到在哪里的可以fing -name .config一下
图4
接着Load .config文件
图5
Save退出
图6
图7
图8
4.清除一些编译中间文件
在终端键入make clean
图9
5.生成新内核
这一步就是把配置过程中选择编入内核的程序编译产生内核，输入命令：make bzImage，这个大概需要20分钟左右的时间
图10
6.生成modules
把配置过程中选择编成modules的程序编译链接成modules，键入命令：make modules，这一步貌似要一个多小时，可以先去吃个饭再回来
图11
7.安装modules
这一步目的是将上一步生成的modules文件拷到系统文件下供新内核使用，键入命令：make modules_install 即可，一切都已经做好了，感兴趣的话可以查看一下makefile文件，看了一下，代码是这样的
1 VERSION = 3 2 PATCHLEVEL = 9 3 SUBLEVEL = 4 4 EXTRAVERSION = 5 NAME = Unicycling Gorilla 6 7 # *DOCUMENTATION* 8 # To see a list of typical targets execute "make help" 9 # More info can be located in ./README 10 # Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not 11 # expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file. 12 13 # Do not: 14 # o use make's built-in rules and variables 15 # (this increases performance and avoids hard-to-debug behaviour); 16 # o print "Entering directory ..."; 17 MAKEFLAGS += -rR --no-print-directory 18 19 # Avoid funny character set dependencies 20 unexport LC_ALL 21 LC_COLLATE=C 22 LC_NUMERIC=C 23 export LC_COLLATE LC_NUMERIC 24 25 # We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking 26 # to get the ordering right. 27 # 28 # Most importantly: sub-Makefiles should only ever modify files in 29 # their own directory. If in some directory we have a dependency on 30 # a file in another dir (which doesn't happen often, but it's often 31 # unavoidable when linking the built-in.o targets which finally 32 # turn into vmlinux), we will call a sub make in that other dir, and 33 # after that we are sure that everything which is in that other dir 34 # is now up to date. 35 # 36 # The only cases where we need to modify files which have global 37 # effects are thus separated out and done before the recursive 38 # descending is started. They are now explicitly listed as the 39 # prepare rule. 40 41 # To put more focus on warnings, be less verbose as default 42 # Use 'make V=1' to see the full commands 43 44 ifeq ("$(origin V)", "command line") 45 KBUILD_VERBOSE = $(V) 46 endif 47 ifndef KBUILD_VERBOSE 48 KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0 49 endif 50 51 # Call a source code checker (by default, "sparse") as part of the 52 # C compilation. 53 # 54 # Use 'make C=1' to enable checking of only re-compiled files. 55 # Use 'make C=2' to enable checking of *all* source files, regardless 56 # of whether they are re-compiled or not. 57 # 58 # See the file "Documentation/sparse.txt" for more details, including 59 # where to get the "sparse" utility. 60 61 ifeq ("$(origin C)", "command line") 62 KBUILD_CHECKSRC = $(C) 63 endif 64 ifndef KBUILD_CHECKSRC 65 KBUILD_CHECKSRC = 0 66 endif 67 68 # Use make M=dir to specify directory of external module to build 69 # Old syntax make ... SUBDIRS=$PWD is still supported 70 # Setting the environment variable KBUILD_EXTMOD take precedence 71 ifdef SUBDIRS 72 KBUILD_EXTMOD ?= $(SUBDIRS) 73 endif 74 75 ifeq ("$(origin M)", "command line") 76 KBUILD_EXTMOD := $(M) 77 endif 78 79 # kbuild supports saving output files in a separate directory. 80 # To locate output files in a separate directory two syntaxes are supported. 81 # In both cases the working directory must be the root of the kernel src. 82 # 1) O= 83 # Use "make O=dir/to/store/output/files/" 84 # 85 # 2) Set KBUILD_OUTPUT 86 # Set the environment variable KBUILD_OUTPUT to point to the directory 87 # where the output files shall be placed. 88 # export KBUILD_OUTPUT=dir/to/store/output/files/ 89 # make 90 # 91 # The O= assignment takes precedence over the KBUILD_OUTPUT environment 92 # variable. 93 94 95 # KBUILD_SRC is set on invocation of make in OBJ directory 96 # KBUILD_SRC is not intended to be used by the regular user (for now) 97 ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),) 98 99 # OK, Make called in directory where kernel src resides 100 # Do we want to locate output files in a separate directory? 101 ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line") 102 KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(O) 103 endif 104 105 ifeq ("$(origin W)", "command line") 106 export KBUILD_ENABLE_EXTRA_GCC_CHECKS := $(W) 107 endif 108 109 # That's our default target when none is given on the command line 110 PHONY := _all 111 _all: 112 113 # Cancel implicit rules on top Makefile 114 $(CURDIR)/Makefile Makefile: ; 115 116 ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),) 117 # Invoke a second make in the output directory, passing relevant variables 118 # check that the output directory actually exists 119 saved-output := $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) 120 KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(shell cd $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && /bin/pwd) 121 $(if $(KBUILD_OUTPUT),, \ 122 $(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist)) 123 124 PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) sub-make 125 126 $(filter-out _all sub-make $(CURDIR)/Makefile, $(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all: sub-make 127 @: 128 129 sub-make: FORCE 130 $(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=),@)$(MAKE) -C $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) \ 131 KBUILD_SRC=$(CURDIR) \ 132 KBUILD_EXTMOD="$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)" -f $(CURDIR)/Makefile \ 133 $(filter-out _all sub-make,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) 134 135 # Leave processing to above invocation of make 136 skip-makefile := 1 137 endif # ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),) 138 endif # ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),) 139 140 # We process the rest of the Makefile if this is the final invocation of make 141 ifeq ($(skip-makefile),) 142 143 # If building an external module we do not care about the all: rule 144 # but instead _all depend on modules 145 PHONY += all 146 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) 147 _all: all 148 else 149 _all: modules 150 endif 151 152 srctree := $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(KBUILD_SRC),$(CURDIR)) 153 objtree := $(CURDIR) 154 src := $(srctree) 155 obj := $(objtree) 156 157 VPATH := $(srctree)$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),:$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)) 158 159 export srctree objtree VPATH 160 161 162 # SUBARCH tells the usermode build what the underlying arch is. That is set 163 # first, and if a usermode build is happening, the "ARCH=um" on the command 164 # line overrides the setting of ARCH below. If a native build is happening, 165 # then ARCH is assigned, getting whatever value it gets normally, and 166 # SUBARCH is subsequently ignored. 167 168 SUBARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed -e s/i.86/x86/ -e s/x86_64/x86/ \ 169 -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \ 170 -e s/arm.*/arm/ -e s/sa110/arm/ \ 171 -e s/s390x/s390/ -e s/parisc64/parisc/ \ 172 -e s/ppc.*/powerpc/ -e s/mips.*/mips/ \ 173 -e s/sh[234].*/sh/ -e s/aarch64.*/arm64/ ) 174 175 # Cross compiling and selecting different set of gcc/bin-utils 176 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177 # 178 # When performing cross compilation for other architectures ARCH shall be set 179 # to the target architecture. (See arch/* for the possibilities). 180 # ARCH can be set during invocation of make: 181 # make ARCH=ia64 182 # Another way is to have ARCH set in the environment. 183 # The default ARCH is the host where make is executed. 184 185 # CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used 186 # during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables 187 # are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE). 188 # CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line 189 # make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux- 190 # Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment. 191 # A third alternative is to store a setting in .config so that plain 192 # "make" in the configured kernel build directory always uses that. 193 # Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables 194 # Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile 195 ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH) 196 CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%) 197 198 # Architecture as present in compile.h 199 UTS_MACHINE := $(ARCH) 200 SRCARCH := $(ARCH) 201 202 # Additional ARCH settings for x86 203 ifeq ($(ARCH),i386) 204 SRCARCH := x86 205 endif 206 ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64) 207 SRCARCH := x86 208 endif 209 210 # Additional ARCH settings for sparc 211 ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc32) 212 SRCARCH := sparc 213 endif 214 ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc64) 215 SRCARCH := sparc 216 endif 217 218 # Additional ARCH settings for sh 219 ifeq ($(ARCH),sh64) 220 SRCARCH := sh 221 endif 222 223 # Additional ARCH settings for tile 224 ifeq ($(ARCH),tilepro) 225 SRCARCH := tile 226 endif 227 ifeq ($(ARCH),tilegx) 228 SRCARCH := tile 229 endif 230 231 # Where to locate arch specific headers 232 hdr-arch := $(SRCARCH) 233 234 KCONFIG_CONFIG ?= .config 235 export KCONFIG_CONFIG 236 237 # SHELL used by kbuild 238 CONFIG_SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; \ 239 else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; \ 240 else echo sh; fi ; fi) 241 242 HOSTCC = gcc 243 HOSTCXX = g++ 244 HOSTCFLAGS = -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer 245 HOSTCXXFLAGS = -O2 246 247 # Decide whether to build built-in, modular, or both. 248 # Normally, just do built-in. 249 250 KBUILD_MODULES := 251 KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1 252 253 # If we have only "make modules", don't compile built-in objects. 254 # When we're building modules with modversions, we need to consider 255 # the built-in objects during the descend as well, in order to 256 # make sure the checksums are up to date before we record them. 257 258 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),modules) 259 KBUILD_BUILTIN := $(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),1) 260 endif 261 262 # If we have "make <whatever> modules", compile modules 263 # in addition to whatever we do anyway. 264 # Just "make" or "make all" shall build modules as well 265 266 ifneq ($(filter all _all modules,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),) 267 KBUILD_MODULES := 1 268 endif 269 270 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),) 271 KBUILD_MODULES := 1 272 endif 273 274 export KBUILD_MODULES KBUILD_BUILTIN 275 export KBUILD_CHECKSRC KBUILD_SRC KBUILD_EXTMOD 276 277 # Beautify output 278 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 279 # 280 # Normally, we echo the whole command before executing it. By making 281 # that echo $($(quiet)$(cmd)), we now have the possibility to set 282 # $(quiet) to choose other forms of output instead, e.g. 283 # 284 # quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = Compiling $(RELDIR)/$@ 285 # cmd_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $< 286 # 287 # If $(quiet) is empty, the whole command will be printed. 288 # If it is set to "quiet_", only the short version will be printed. 289 # If it is set to "silent_", nothing will be printed at all, since 290 # the variable $(silent_cmd_cc_o_c) doesn't exist. 291 # 292 # A simple variant is to prefix commands with $(Q) - that's useful 293 # for commands that shall be hidden in non-verbose mode. 294 # 295 # $(Q)ln $@ :< 296 # 297 # If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 0 then the above command will be hidden. 298 # If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 1 then the above command is displayed. 299 300 ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1) 301 quiet = 302 Q = 303 else 304 quiet=quiet_ 305 Q = @ 306 endif 307 308 # If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of 309 # commands 310 311 ifneq ($(filter s% -s%,$(MAKEFLAGS)),) 312 quiet=silent_ 313 endif 314 315 export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE 316 317 318 # Look for make include files relative to root of kernel src 319 MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(srctree) 320 321 # We need some generic definitions (do not try to remake the file). 322 $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include: ; 323 include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include 324 325 # Make variables (CC, etc...) 326 327 AS = $(CROSS_COMPILE)as 328 LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld 329 CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc 330 CPP = $(CC) -E 331 AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar 332 NM = $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm 333 STRIP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip 334 OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy 335 OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump 336 AWK = awk 337 GENKSYMS = scripts/genksyms/genksyms 338 INSTALLKERNEL := installkernel 339 DEPMOD = /sbin/depmod 340 PERL = perl 341 CHECK = sparse 342 343 CHECKFLAGS := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__ \ 344 -Wbitwise -Wno-return-void $(CF) 345 CFLAGS_MODULE = 346 AFLAGS_MODULE = 347 LDFLAGS_MODULE = 348 CFLAGS_KERNEL = 349 AFLAGS_KERNEL = 350 CFLAGS_GCOV = -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage 351 352 353 # Use USERINCLUDE when you must reference the UAPI directories only. 354 USERINCLUDE := \ 355 -I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/uapi \ 356 -Iarch/$(hdr-arch)/include/generated/uapi \ 357 -I$(srctree)/include/uapi \ 358 -Iinclude/generated/uapi \ 359 -include $(srctree)/include/linux/kconfig.h 360 361 # Use LINUXINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory. 362 # Needed to be compatible with the O= option 363 LINUXINCLUDE := \ 364 -I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include \ 365 -Iarch/$(hdr-arch)/include/generated \ 366 $(if $(KBUILD_SRC), -I$(srctree)/include) \ 367 -Iinclude \ 368 $(USERINCLUDE) 369 370 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__ 371 372 KBUILD_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \ 373 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common \ 374 -Werror-implicit-function-declaration \ 375 -Wno-format-security \ 376 -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks 377 KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL := 378 KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL := 379 KBUILD_AFLAGS := -D__ASSEMBLY__ 380 KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE := -DMODULE 381 KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE := -DMODULE 382 KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE := -T $(srctree)/scripts/module-common.lds 383 384 # Read KERNELRELEASE from include/config/kernel.release (if it exists) 385 KERNELRELEASE = $(shell cat include/config/kernel.release 2> /dev/null) 386 KERNELVERSION = $(VERSION)$(if $(PATCHLEVEL),.$(PATCHLEVEL)$(if $(SUBLEVEL),.$(SUBLEVEL)))$(EXTRAVERSION) 387 388 export VERSION PATCHLEVEL SUBLEVEL KERNELRELEASE KERNELVERSION 389 export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL HOSTCC HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC 390 export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP 391 export MAKE AWK GENKSYMS INSTALLKERNEL PERL UTS_MACHINE 392 export HOSTCXX HOSTCXXFLAGS LDFLAGS_MODULE CHECK CHECKFLAGS 393 394 export KBUILD_CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS LDFLAGS 395 export KBUILD_CFLAGS CFLAGS_KERNEL CFLAGS_MODULE CFLAGS_GCOV 396 export KBUILD_AFLAGS AFLAGS_KERNEL AFLAGS_MODULE 397 export KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE 398 export KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL 399 export KBUILD_ARFLAGS 400 401 # When compiling out-of-tree modules, put MODVERDIR in the module 402 # tree rather than in the kernel tree. The kernel tree might 403 # even be read-only. 404 export MODVERDIR := $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/).tmp_versions 405 406 # Files to ignore in find ... statements 407 408 RCS_FIND_IGNORE := \( -name SCCS -o -name BitKeeper -o -name .svn -o -name CVS \ 409 -o -name .pc -o -name .hg -o -name .git \) -prune -o 410 export RCS_TAR_IGNORE := --exclude SCCS --exclude BitKeeper --exclude .svn \ 411 --exclude CVS --exclude .pc --exclude .hg --exclude .git 412 413 # =========================================================================== 414 # Rules shared between *config targets and build targets 415 416 # Basic helpers built in scripts/ 417 PHONY += scripts_basic 418 scripts_basic: 419 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic 420 $(Q)rm -f .tmp_quiet_recordmcount 421 422 # To avoid any implicit rule to kick in, define an empty command. 423 scripts/basic/%: scripts_basic ; 424 425 PHONY += outputmakefile 426 # outputmakefile generates a Makefile in the output directory, if using a 427 # separate output directory. This allows convenient use of make in the 428 # output directory. 429 outputmakefile: 430 ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),) 431 $(Q)ln -fsn $(srctree) source 432 $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkmakefile \ 433 $(srctree) $(objtree) $(VERSION) $(PATCHLEVEL) 434 endif 435 436 # Support for using generic headers in asm-generic 437 PHONY += asm-generic 438 asm-generic: 439 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic \ 440 src=asm obj=arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/asm 441 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic \ 442 src=uapi/asm obj=arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/uapi/asm 443 444 # To make sure we do not include .config for any of the *config targets 445 # catch them early, and hand them over to scripts/kconfig/Makefile 446 # It is allowed to specify more targets when calling make, including 447 # mixing *config targets and build targets. 448 # For example 'make oldconfig all'. 449 # Detect when mixed targets is specified, and make a second invocation 450 # of make so .config is not included in this case either (for *config). 451 452 version_h := include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h 453 454 no-dot-config-targets := clean mrproper distclean \ 455 cscope gtags TAGS tags help %docs check% coccicheck \ 456 $(version_h) headers_% archheaders archscripts \ 457 kernelversion %src-pkg 458 459 config-targets := 0 460 mixed-targets := 0 461 dot-config := 1 462 463 ifneq ($(filter $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),) 464 ifeq ($(filter-out $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),) 465 dot-config := 0 466 endif 467 endif 468 469 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) 470 ifneq ($(filter config %config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),) 471 config-targets := 1 472 ifneq ($(filter-out config %config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),) 473 mixed-targets := 1 474 endif 475 endif 476 endif 477 478 ifeq ($(mixed-targets),1) 479 # =========================================================================== 480 # We're called with mixed targets (*config and build targets). 481 # Handle them one by one. 482 483 %:: FORCE 484 $(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree) KBUILD_SRC= $@ 485 486 else 487 ifeq ($(config-targets),1) 488 # =========================================================================== 489 # *config targets only - make sure prerequisites are updated, and descend 490 # in scripts/kconfig to make the *config target 491 492 # Read arch specific Makefile to set KBUILD_DEFCONFIG as needed. 493 # KBUILD_DEFCONFIG may point out an alternative default configuration 494 # used for 'make defconfig' 495 include $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile 496 export KBUILD_DEFCONFIG KBUILD_KCONFIG 497 498 config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE 499 $(Q)mkdir -p include/linux include/config 500 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@ 501 502 %config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE 503 $(Q)mkdir -p include/linux include/config 504 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@ 505 506 else 507 # =========================================================================== 508 # Build targets only - this includes vmlinux, arch specific targets, clean 509 # targets and others. In general all targets except *config targets. 510 511 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) 512 # Additional helpers built in scripts/ 513 # Carefully list dependencies so we do not try to build scripts twice 514 # in parallel 515 PHONY += scripts 516 scripts: scripts_basic include/config/auto.conf include/config/tristate.conf \ 517 asm-generic 518 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@) 519 520 # Objects we will link into vmlinux / subdirs we need to visit 521 init-y := init/ 522 drivers-y := drivers/ sound/ firmware/ 523 net-y := net/ 524 libs-y := lib/ 525 core-y := usr/ 526 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD 527 528 ifeq ($(dot-config),1) 529 # Read in config 530 -include include/config/auto.conf 531 532 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) 533 # Read in dependencies to all Kconfig* files, make sure to run 534 # oldconfig if changes are detected. 535 -include include/config/auto.conf.cmd 536 537 # To avoid any implicit rule to kick in, define an empty command 538 $(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd: ; 539 540 # If .config is newer than include/config/auto.conf, someone tinkered 541 # with it and forgot to run make oldconfig. 542 # if auto.conf.cmd is missing then we are probably in a cleaned tree so 543 # we execute the config step to be sure to catch updated Kconfig files 544 include/config/%.conf: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd 545 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile silentoldconfig 546 else 547 # external modules needs include/generated/autoconf.h and include/config/auto.conf 548 # but do not care if they are up-to-date. Use auto.conf to trigger the test 549 PHONY += include/config/auto.conf 550 551 include/config/auto.conf: 552 $(Q)test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e $@ || ( \ 553 echo >&2; \ 554 echo >&2 " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \ 555 echo >&2 " include/generated/autoconf.h or $@ are missing.";\ 556 echo >&2 " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \ 557 echo >&2 ; \ 558 /bin/false) 559 560 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD 561 562 else 563 # Dummy target needed, because used as prerequisite 564 include/config/auto.conf: ; 565 endif # $(dot-config) 566 567 # The all: target is the default when no target is given on the 568 # command line. 569 # This allow a user to issue only 'make' to build a kernel including modules 570 # Defaults to vmlinux, but the arch makefile usually adds further targets 571 all: vmlinux 572 573 ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE 574 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Os 575 else 576 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -O2 577 endif 578 579 include $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile 580 581 ifdef CONFIG_READABLE_ASM 582 # Disable optimizations that make assembler listings hard to read. 583 # reorder blocks reorders the control in the function 584 # ipa clone creates specialized cloned functions 585 # partial inlining inlines only parts of functions 586 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-reorder-blocks,) \ 587 $(call cc-option,-fno-ipa-cp-clone,) \ 588 $(call cc-option,-fno-partial-inlining) 589 endif 590 591 ifneq ($(CONFIG_FRAME_WARN),0) 592 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wframe-larger-than=${CONFIG_FRAME_WARN}) 593 endif 594 595 # Force gcc to behave correct even for buggy distributions 596 ifndef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR 597 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector) 598 endif 599 600 # This warning generated too much noise in a regular build. 601 # Use make W=1 to enable this warning (see scripts/Makefile.build) 602 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-but-set-variable) 603 604 ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER 605 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls 606 else 607 # Some targets (ARM with Thumb2, for example), can't be built with frame 608 # pointers. For those, we don't have FUNCTION_TRACER automatically 609 # select FRAME_POINTER. However, FUNCTION_TRACER adds -pg, and this is 610 # incompatible with -fomit-frame-pointer with current GCC, so we don't use 611 # -fomit-frame-pointer with FUNCTION_TRACER. 612 ifndef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER 613 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fomit-frame-pointer 614 endif 615 endif 616 617 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO 618 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -g 619 KBUILD_AFLAGS += -gdwarf-2 620 endif 621 622 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED 623 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -femit-struct-debug-baseonly) \ 624 $(call cc-option,-fno-var-tracking) 625 endif 626 627 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER 628 ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_FENTRY 629 CC_USING_FENTRY := $(call cc-option, -mfentry -DCC_USING_FENTRY) 630 endif 631 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -pg $(CC_USING_FENTRY) 632 KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(CC_USING_FENTRY) 633 ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE 634 ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_C_RECORDMCOUNT 635 BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT := y 636 export BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT 637 endif 638 endif 639 endif 640 641 # We trigger additional mismatches with less inlining 642 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH 643 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fno-inline-functions-called-once) 644 endif 645 646 # arch Makefile may override CC so keep this after arch Makefile is included 647 NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include) 648 CHECKFLAGS += $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) 649 650 # warn about C99 declaration after statement 651 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wdeclaration-after-statement,) 652 653 # disable pointer signed / unsigned warnings in gcc 4.0 654 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, pointer-sign) 655 656 # disable invalid "can't wrap" optimizations for signed / pointers 657 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-strict-overflow) 658 659 # conserve stack if available 660 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fconserve-stack) 661 662 # use the deterministic mode of AR if available 663 KBUILD_ARFLAGS := $(call ar-option,D) 664 665 # check for 'asm goto' 666 ifeq ($(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-goto.sh $(CC)), y) 667 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DCC_HAVE_ASM_GOTO 668 endif 669 670 # Add user supplied CPPFLAGS, AFLAGS and CFLAGS as the last assignments 671 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += $(KCPPFLAGS) 672 KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(KAFLAGS) 673 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(KCFLAGS) 674 675 # Use --build-id when available. 676 LDFLAGS_BUILD_ID = $(patsubst -Wl$(comma)%,%,\ 677 $(call cc-ldoption, -Wl$(comma)--build-id,)) 678 KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE += $(LDFLAGS_BUILD_ID) 679 LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(LDFLAGS_BUILD_ID) 680 681 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STRIP_ASM_SYMS),y) 682 LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option, -X,) 683 endif 684 685 # Default kernel image to build when no specific target is given. 686 # KBUILD_IMAGE may be overruled on the command line or 687 # set in the environment 688 # Also any assignments in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile take precedence over 689 # this default value 690 export KBUILD_IMAGE ?= vmlinux 691 692 # 693 # INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map 694 # images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values 695 export INSTALL_PATH ?= /boot 696 697 # 698 # INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory 699 # relocations required by build roots. This is not defined in the 700 # makefile but the argument can be passed to make if needed. 701 # 702 703 MODLIB = $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE) 704 export MODLIB 705 706 # 707 # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP, if defined, will cause modules to be 708 # stripped after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then 709 # the default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise, 710 # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the options to the strip command. 711 712 ifdef INSTALL_MOD_STRIP 713 ifeq ($(INSTALL_MOD_STRIP),1) 714 mod_strip_cmd = $(STRIP) --strip-debug 715 else 716 mod_strip_cmd = $(STRIP) $(INSTALL_MOD_STRIP) 717 endif # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 718 else 719 mod_strip_cmd = true 720 endif # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP 721 export mod_strip_cmd 722 723 724 ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL 725 MODSECKEY = ./signing_key.priv 726 MODPUBKEY = ./signing_key.x509 727 export MODPUBKEY 728 mod_sign_cmd = perl $(srctree)/scripts/sign-file $(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_HASH) $(MODSECKEY) $(MODPUBKEY) 729 else 730 mod_sign_cmd = true 731 endif 732 export mod_sign_cmd 733 734 735 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) 736 core-y += kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/ 737 738 vmlinux-dirs := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-y) $(init-m) \ 739 $(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \ 740 $(net-y) $(net-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m))) 741 742 vmlinux-alldirs := $(sort $(vmlinux-dirs) $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, \ 743 $(init-n) $(init-) \ 744 $(core-n) $(core-) $(drivers-n) $(drivers-) \ 745 $(net-n) $(net-) $(libs-n) $(libs-)))) 746 747 init-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(init-y)) 748 core-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(core-y)) 749 drivers-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(drivers-y)) 750 net-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(net-y)) 751 libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y)) 752 libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y)) 753 libs-y := $(libs-y1) $(libs-y2) 754 755 # Externally visible symbols (used by link-vmlinux.sh) 756 export KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT := $(head-y) $(init-y) 757 export KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y) 758 export KBUILD_LDS := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds 759 export LDFLAGS_vmlinux 760 761 vmlinux-deps := $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN) 762 763 # Final link of vmlinux 764 cmd_link-vmlinux = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $< $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux) 765 quiet_cmd_link-vmlinux = LINK $@ 766 767 # Include targets which we want to 768 # execute if the rest of the kernel build went well. 769 vmlinux: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh $(vmlinux-deps) FORCE 770 ifdef CONFIG_HEADERS_CHECK 771 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile headers_check 772 endif 773 ifdef CONFIG_SAMPLES 774 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=samples 775 endif 776 ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_DOCSRC 777 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation 778 endif 779 +$(call if_changed,link-vmlinux) 780 781 # The actual objects are generated when descending, 782 # make sure no implicit rule kicks in 783 $(sort $(vmlinux-deps)): $(vmlinux-dirs) ; 784 785 # Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(vmlinux-dirs) 786 # Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale 787 # tweaks to this spot to avoid wrong language settings when running 788 # make menuconfig etc. 789 # Error messages still appears in the original language 790 791 PHONY += $(vmlinux-dirs) 792 $(vmlinux-dirs): prepare scripts 793 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@ 794 795 # Store (new) KERNELRELASE string in include/config/kernel.release 796 include/config/kernel.release: include/config/auto.conf FORCE 797 $(Q)rm -f $@ 798 $(Q)echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))" > $@ 799 800 801 # Things we need to do before we recursively start building the kernel 802 # or the modules are listed in "prepare". 803 # A multi level approach is used. prepareN is processed before prepareN-1. 804 # archprepare is used in arch Makefiles and when processed asm symlink, 805 # version.h and scripts_basic is processed / created. 806 807 # Listed in dependency order 808 PHONY += prepare archprepare prepare0 prepare1 prepare2 prepare3 809 810 # prepare3 is used to check if we are building in a separate output directory, 811 # and if so do: 812 # 1) Check that make has not been executed in the kernel src $(srctree) 813 prepare3: include/config/kernel.release 814 ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),) 815 @$(kecho) ' Using $(srctree) as source for kernel' 816 $(Q)if [ -f $(srctree)/.config -o -d $(srctree)/include/config ]; then \ 817 echo >&2 " $(srctree) is not clean, please run 'make mrproper'"; \ 818 echo >&2 " in the '$(srctree)' directory.";\ 819 /bin/false; \ 820 fi; 821 endif 822 823 # prepare2 creates a makefile if using a separate output directory 824 prepare2: prepare3 outputmakefile asm-generic 825 826 prepare1: prepare2 $(version_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h \ 827 include/config/auto.conf 828 $(cmd_crmodverdir) 829 830 archprepare: archheaders archscripts prepare1 scripts_basic 831 832 prepare0: archprepare FORCE 833 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=. 834 835 # All the preparing.. 836 prepare: prepare0 837 838 # Generate some files 839 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 840 841 # KERNELRELEASE can change from a few different places, meaning version.h 842 # needs to be updated, so this check is forced on all builds 843 844 uts_len := 64 845 define filechk_utsrelease.h 846 if [ `echo -n "$(KERNELRELEASE)" | wc -c ` -gt $(uts_len) ]; then \ 847 echo '"$(KERNELRELEASE)" exceeds $(uts_len) characters' >&2; \ 848 exit 1; \ 849 fi; \ 850 (echo \#define UTS_RELEASE \"$(KERNELRELEASE)\";) 851 endef 852 853 define filechk_version.h 854 (echo \#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE $(shell \ 855 expr $(VERSION) \* 65536 + 0$(PATCHLEVEL) \* 256 + 0$(SUBLEVEL)); \ 856 echo '#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))';) 857 endef 858 859 $(version_h): $(srctree)/Makefile FORCE 860 $(call filechk,version.h) 861 862 include/generated/utsrelease.h: include/config/kernel.release FORCE 863 $(call filechk,utsrelease.h) 864 865 PHONY += headerdep 866 headerdep: 867 $(Q)find $(srctree)/include/ -name '*.h' | xargs --max-args 1 \ 868 $(srctree)/scripts/headerdep.pl -I$(srctree)/include 869 870 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 871 872 PHONY += depend dep 873 depend dep: 874 @echo '*** Warning: make $@ is unnecessary now.' 875 876 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 877 # Firmware install 878 INSTALL_FW_PATH=$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware 879 export INSTALL_FW_PATH 880 881 PHONY += firmware_install 882 firmware_install: FORCE 883 @mkdir -p $(objtree)/firmware 884 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.fwinst obj=firmware __fw_install 885 886 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 887 # Kernel headers 888 889 #Default location for installed headers 890 export INSTALL_HDR_PATH = $(objtree)/usr 891 892 hdr-inst := -rR -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.headersinst obj 893 894 # If we do an all arch process set dst to asm-$(hdr-arch) 895 hdr-dst = $(if $(KBUILD_HEADERS), dst=include/asm-$(hdr-arch), dst=include/asm) 896 897 PHONY += archheaders 898 archheaders: 899 900 PHONY += archscripts 901 archscripts: 902 903 PHONY += __headers 904 __headers: $(version_h) scripts_basic asm-generic archheaders archscripts FORCE 905 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts build_unifdef 906 907 PHONY += headers_install_all 908 headers_install_all: 909 $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/headers.sh install 910 911 PHONY += headers_install 912 headers_install: __headers 913 $(if $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild),, \ 914 $(error Headers not exportable for the $(SRCARCH) architecture)) 915 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include/uapi 916 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/uapi/asm $(hdr-dst) 917 918 PHONY += headers_check_all 919 headers_check_all: headers_install_all 920 $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/headers.sh check 921 922 PHONY += headers_check 923 headers_check: headers_install 924 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include/uapi HDRCHECK=1 925 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/uapi/asm $(hdr-dst) HDRCHECK=1 926 927 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 928 # Modules 929 930 ifdef CONFIG_MODULES 931 932 # By default, build modules as well 933 934 all: modules 935 936 # Build modules 937 # 938 # A module can be listed more than once in obj-m resulting in 939 # duplicate lines in modules.order files. Those are removed 940 # using awk while concatenating to the final file. 941 942 PHONY += modules 943 modules: $(vmlinux-dirs) $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) modules.builtin 944 $(Q)$(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(vmlinux-dirs:%=$(objtree)/%/modules.order) > $(objtree)/modules.order 945 @$(kecho) ' Building modules, stage 2.'; 946 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost 947 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.fwinst obj=firmware __fw_modbuild 948 949 modules.builtin: $(vmlinux-dirs:%=%/modules.builtin) 950 $(Q)$(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $^ > $(objtree)/modules.builtin 951 952 %/modules.builtin: include/config/auto.conf 953 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(modbuiltin)=$* 954 955 956 # Target to prepare building external modules 957 PHONY += modules_prepare 958 modules_prepare: prepare scripts 959 960 # Target to install modules 961 PHONY += modules_install 962 modules_install: _modinst_ _modinst_post 963 964 PHONY += _modinst_ 965 _modinst_: 966 @rm -rf $(MODLIB)/kernel 967 @rm -f $(MODLIB)/source 968 @mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/kernel 969 @ln -s $(srctree) $(MODLIB)/source 970 @if [ ! $(objtree) -ef $(MODLIB)/build ]; then \ 971 rm -f $(MODLIB)/build ; \ 972 ln -s $(objtree) $(MODLIB)/build ; \ 973 fi 974 @cp -f $(objtree)/modules.order $(MODLIB)/ 975 @cp -f $(objtree)/modules.builtin $(MODLIB)/ 976 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst 977 978 # This depmod is only for convenience to give the initial 979 # boot a modules.dep even before / is mounted read-write. However the 980 # boot script depmod is the master version. 981 PHONY += _modinst_post 982 _modinst_post: _modinst_ 983 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.fwinst obj=firmware __fw_modinst 984 $(call cmd,depmod) 985 986 ifeq ($(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG), y) 987 PHONY += modules_sign 988 modules_sign: 989 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modsign 990 endif 991 992 else # CONFIG_MODULES 993 994 # Modules not configured 995 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 996 997 modules modules_install: FORCE 998 @echo >&2 999 @echo >&2 "The present kernel configuration has modules disabled." 1000 @echo >&2 "Type 'make config' and enable loadable module support." 1001 @echo >&2 "Then build a kernel with module support enabled." 1002 @echo >&2 1003 @exit 1 1004 1005 endif # CONFIG_MODULES 1006 1007 ### 1008 # Cleaning is done on three levels. 1009 # make clean Delete most generated files 1010 # Leave enough to build external modules 1011 # make mrproper Delete the current configuration, and all generated files 1012 # make distclean Remove editor backup files, patch leftover files and the like 1013 1014 # Directories & files removed with 'make clean' 1015 CLEAN_DIRS += $(MODVERDIR) 1016 1017 # Directories & files removed with 'make mrproper' 1018 MRPROPER_DIRS += include/config usr/include include/generated \ 1019 arch/*/include/generated 1020 MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old .version .old_version $(version_h) \ 1021 Module.symvers tags TAGS cscope* GPATH GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS \ 1022 signing_key.priv signing_key.x509 x509.genkey \ 1023 extra_certificates signing_key.x509.keyid \ 1024 signing_key.x509.signer 1025 1026 # clean - Delete most, but leave enough to build external modules 1027 # 1028 clean: rm-dirs := $(CLEAN_DIRS) 1029 clean: rm-files := $(CLEAN_FILES) 1030 clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_, . $(vmlinux-alldirs) Documentation samples) 1031 1032 PHONY += $(clean-dirs) clean archclean vmlinuxclean 1033 $(clean-dirs): 1034 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@) 1035 1036 vmlinuxclean: 1037 $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh clean 1038 1039 clean: archclean vmlinuxclean 1040 1041 # mrproper - Delete all generated files, including .config 1042 # 1043 mrproper: rm-dirs := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_DIRS)) 1044 mrproper: rm-files := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_FILES)) 1045 mrproper-dirs := $(addprefix _mrproper_,Documentation/DocBook scripts) 1046 1047 PHONY += $(mrproper-dirs) mrproper archmrproper 1048 $(mrproper-dirs): 1049 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _mrproper_%,%,$@) 1050 1051 mrproper: clean archmrproper $(mrproper-dirs) 1052 $(call cmd,rmdirs) 1053 $(call cmd,rmfiles) 1054 1055 # distclean 1056 # 1057 PHONY += distclean 1058 1059 distclean: mrproper 1060 @find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \ 1061 \( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' \ 1062 -o -name '*.bak' -o -name '#*#' -o -name '.*.orig' \ 1063 -o -name '.*.rej' \ 1064 -o -name '*%' -o -name '.*.cmd' -o -name 'core' \) \ 1065 -type f -print | xargs rm -f 1066 1067 1068 # Packaging of the kernel to various formats 1069 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1070 # rpm target kept for backward compatibility 1071 package-dir := $(srctree)/scripts/package 1072 1073 %src-pkg: FORCE 1074 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) $@ 1075 %pkg: include/config/kernel.release FORCE 1076 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) $@ 1077 rpm: include/config/kernel.release FORCE 1078 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) $@ 1079 1080 1081 # Brief documentation of the typical targets used 1082 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1083 1084 boards := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/*_defconfig) 1085 boards := $(notdir $(boards)) 1086 board-dirs := $(dir $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/*/*_defconfig)) 1087 board-dirs := $(sort $(notdir $(board-dirs:/=))) 1088 1089 help: 1090 @echo 'Cleaning targets:' 1091 @echo ' clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and' 1092 @echo ' enough build support to build external modules' 1093 @echo ' mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files' 1094 @echo ' distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files' 1095 @echo '' 1096 @echo 'Configuration targets:' 1097 @$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/Makefile help 1098 @echo '' 1099 @echo 'Other generic targets:' 1100 @echo ' all - Build all targets marked with [*]' 1101 @echo '* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel' 1102 @echo '* modules - Build all modules' 1103 @echo ' modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)' 1104 @echo ' firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH' 1105 @echo ' (default: $$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)' 1106 @echo ' dir/ - Build all files in dir and below' 1107 @echo ' dir/file.[oisS] - Build specified target only' 1108 @echo ' dir/file.lst - Build specified mixed source/assembly target only' 1109 @echo ' (requires a recent binutils and recent build (System.map))' 1110 @echo ' dir/file.ko - Build module including final link' 1111 @echo ' modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules' 1112 @echo ' tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors' 1113 @echo ' cscope - Generate cscope index' 1114 @echo ' gtags - Generate GNU GLOBAL index' 1115 @echo ' kernelrelease - Output the release version string' 1116 @echo ' kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile' 1117 @echo ' headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH'; \ 1118 echo ' (default: $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH))'; \ 1119 echo '' 1120 @echo 'Static analysers' 1121 @echo ' checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs' 1122 @echo ' namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel' 1123 @echo ' versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage' 1124 @echo ' includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files' 1125 @echo ' export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols' 1126 @echo ' headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers' 1127 @echo ' headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers' 1128 @$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.help checker-help 1129 @echo '' 1130 @echo 'Kernel packaging:' 1131 @$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) help 1132 @echo '' 1133 @echo 'Documentation targets:' 1134 @$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile dochelp 1135 @echo '' 1136 @echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(SRCARCH)):' 1137 @$(if $(archhelp),$(archhelp),\ 1138 echo ' No architecture specific help defined for $(SRCARCH)') 1139 @echo '' 1140 @$(if $(boards), \ 1141 $(foreach b, $(boards), \ 1142 printf " %-24s - Build for %s\\n" $(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \ 1143 echo '') 1144 @$(if $(board-dirs), \ 1145 $(foreach b, $(board-dirs), \ 1146 printf " %-16s - Show %s-specific targets\\n" help-$(b) $(b);) \ 1147 printf " %-16s - Show all of the above\\n" help-boards; \ 1148 echo '') 1149 1150 @echo ' make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build' 1151 @echo ' make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target' 1152 @echo ' make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config' 1153 @echo ' make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $$CHECK (sparse by default)' 1154 @echo ' make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $$CHECK' 1155 @echo ' make RECORDMCOUNT_WARN=1 [targets] Warn about ignored mcount sections' 1156 @echo ' make W=n [targets] Enable extra gcc checks, n=1,2,3 where' 1157 @echo ' 1: warnings which may be relevant and do not occur too often' 1158 @echo ' 2: warnings which occur quite often but may still be relevant' 1159 @echo ' 3: more obscure warnings, can most likely be ignored' 1160 @echo ' Multiple levels can be combined with W=12 or W=123' 1161 @echo '' 1162 @echo 'Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*] ' 1163 @echo 'For further info see the ./README file' 1164 1165 1166 help-board-dirs := $(addprefix help-,$(board-dirs)) 1167 1168 help-boards: $(help-board-dirs) 1169 1170 boards-per-dir = $(notdir $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$*/*_defconfig)) 1171 1172 $(help-board-dirs): help-%: 1173 @echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(SRCARCH) $*):' 1174 @$(if $(boards-per-dir), \ 1175 $(foreach b, $(boards-per-dir), \ 1176 printf " %-24s - Build for %s\\n" $*/$(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \ 1177 echo '') 1178 1179 1180 # Documentation targets 1181 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1182 %docs: scripts_basic FORCE 1183 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts build_docproc 1184 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation/DocBook $@ 1185 1186 else # KBUILD_EXTMOD 1187 1188 ### 1189 # External module support. 1190 # When building external modules the kernel used as basis is considered 1191 # read-only, and no consistency checks are made and the make 1192 # system is not used on the basis kernel. If updates are required 1193 # in the basis kernel ordinary make commands (without M=...) must 1194 # be used. 1195 # 1196 # The following are the only valid targets when building external 1197 # modules. 1198 # make M=dir clean Delete all automatically generated files 1199 # make M=dir modules Make all modules in specified dir 1200 # make M=dir Same as 'make M=dir modules' 1201 # make M=dir modules_install 1202 # Install the modules built in the module directory 1203 # Assumes install directory is already created 1204 1205 # We are always building modules 1206 KBUILD_MODULES := 1 1207 PHONY += crmodverdir 1208 crmodverdir: 1209 $(cmd_crmodverdir) 1210 1211 PHONY += $(objtree)/Module.symvers 1212 $(objtree)/Module.symvers: 1213 @test -e $(objtree)/Module.symvers || ( \ 1214 echo; \ 1215 echo " WARNING: Symbol version dump $(objtree)/Module.symvers"; \ 1216 echo " is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions."; \ 1217 echo ) 1218 1219 module-dirs := $(addprefix _module_,$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)) 1220 PHONY += $(module-dirs) modules 1221 $(module-dirs): crmodverdir $(objtree)/Module.symvers 1222 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(patsubst _module_%,%,$@) 1223 1224 modules: $(module-dirs) 1225 @$(kecho) ' Building modules, stage 2.'; 1226 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost 1227 1228 PHONY += modules_install 1229 modules_install: _emodinst_ _emodinst_post 1230 1231 install-dir := $(if $(INSTALL_MOD_DIR),$(INSTALL_MOD_DIR),extra) 1232 PHONY += _emodinst_ 1233 _emodinst_: 1234 $(Q)mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/$(install-dir) 1235 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst 1236 1237 PHONY += _emodinst_post 1238 _emodinst_post: _emodinst_ 1239 $(call cmd,depmod) 1240 1241 clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_,$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)) 1242 1243 PHONY += $(clean-dirs) clean 1244 $(clean-dirs): 1245 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@) 1246 1247 clean: rm-dirs := $(MODVERDIR) 1248 clean: rm-files := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.symvers 1249 1250 help: 1251 @echo ' Building external modules.' 1252 @echo ' Syntax: make -C path/to/kernel/src M=$$PWD target' 1253 @echo '' 1254 @echo ' modules - default target, build the module(s)' 1255 @echo ' modules_install - install the module' 1256 @echo ' clean - remove generated files in module directory only' 1257 @echo '' 1258 1259 # Dummies... 1260 PHONY += prepare scripts 1261 prepare: ; 1262 scripts: ; 1263 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD 1264 1265 clean: $(clean-dirs) 1266 $(call cmd,rmdirs) 1267 $(call cmd,rmfiles) 1268 @find $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD), $(KBUILD_EXTMOD), .) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \ 1269 \( -name '*.[oas]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \ 1270 -o -name '*.ko.*' \ 1271 -o -name '.*.d' -o -name '.*.tmp' -o -name '*.mod.c' \ 1272 -o -name '*.symtypes' -o -name 'modules.order' \ 1273 -o -name modules.builtin -o -name '.tmp_*.o.*' \ 1274 -o -name '*.gcno' \) -type f -print | xargs rm -f 1275 1276 # Generate tags for editors 1277 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1278 quiet_cmd_tags = GEN $@ 1279 cmd_tags = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/tags.sh $@ 1280 1281 tags TAGS cscope gtags: FORCE 1282 $(call cmd,tags) 1283 1284 # Scripts to check various things for consistency 1285 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1286 1287 PHONY += includecheck versioncheck coccicheck namespacecheck export_report 1288 1289 includecheck: 1290 find $(srctree)/* $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \ 1291 -name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \ 1292 | xargs $(PERL) -w $(srctree)/scripts/checkincludes.pl 1293 1294 versioncheck: 1295 find $(srctree)/* $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \ 1296 -name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \ 1297 | xargs $(PERL) -w $(srctree)/scripts/checkversion.pl 1298 1299 coccicheck: 1300 $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/$@ 1301 1302 namespacecheck: 1303 $(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/namespace.pl 1304 1305 export_report: 1306 $(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/export_report.pl 1307 1308 endif #ifeq ($(config-targets),1) 1309 endif #ifeq ($(mixed-targets),1) 1310 1311 PHONY += checkstack kernelrelease kernelversion 1312 1313 # UML needs a little special treatment here. It wants to use the host 1314 # toolchain, so needs $(SUBARCH) passed to checkstack.pl. Everyone 1315 # else wants $(ARCH), including people doing cross-builds, which means 1316 # that $(SUBARCH) doesn't work here. 1317 ifeq ($(ARCH), um) 1318 CHECKSTACK_ARCH := $(SUBARCH) 1319 else 1320 CHECKSTACK_ARCH := $(ARCH) 1321 endif 1322 checkstack: 1323 $(OBJDUMP) -d vmlinux $$(find . -name '*.ko') | \ 1324 $(PERL) $(src)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(CHECKSTACK_ARCH) 1325 1326 kernelrelease: 1327 @echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))" 1328 1329 kernelversion: 1330 @echo $(KERNELVERSION) 1331 1332 # Clear a bunch of variables before executing the submake 1333 tools/: FORCE 1334 $(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools 1335 $(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS= O=$(objtree) subdir=tools -C $(src)/tools/ 1336 1337 tools/%: FORCE 1338 $(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools 1339 $(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS= O=$(objtree) subdir=tools -C $(src)/tools/ $* 1340 1341 # Single targets 1342 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1343 # Single targets are compatible with: 1344 # - build with mixed source and output 1345 # - build with separate output dir 'make O=...' 1346 # - external modules 1347 # 1348 # target-dir => where to store outputfile 1349 # build-dir => directory in kernel source tree to use 1350 1351 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) 1352 build-dir = $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $@)) 1353 target-dir = $(dir $@) 1354 else 1355 zap-slash=$(filter-out .,$(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $@))) 1356 build-dir = $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)$(if $(zap-slash),/$(zap-slash)) 1357 target-dir = $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(dir $<),$(dir $@)) 1358 endif 1359 1360 %.s: %.c prepare scripts FORCE 1361 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1362 %.i: %.c prepare scripts FORCE 1363 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1364 %.o: %.c prepare scripts FORCE 1365 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1366 %.lst: %.c prepare scripts FORCE 1367 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1368 %.s: %.S prepare scripts FORCE 1369 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1370 %.o: %.S prepare scripts FORCE 1371 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1372 %.symtypes: %.c prepare scripts FORCE 1373 $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@) 1374 1375 # Modules 1376 /: prepare scripts FORCE 1377 $(cmd_crmodverdir) 1378 $(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \ 1379 $(build)=$(build-dir) 1380 %/: prepare scripts FORCE 1381 $(cmd_crmodverdir) 1382 $(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \ 1383 $(build)=$(build-dir) 1384 %.ko: prepare scripts FORCE 1385 $(cmd_crmodverdir) 1386 $(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \ 1387 $(build)=$(build-dir) $(@:.ko=.o) 1388 $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost 1389 1390 # FIXME Should go into a make.lib or something 1391 # =========================================================================== 1392 1393 quiet_cmd_rmdirs = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-dirs))) 1394 cmd_rmdirs = rm -rf $(rm-dirs) 1395 1396 quiet_cmd_rmfiles = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-files)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-files))) 1397 cmd_rmfiles = rm -f $(rm-files) 1398 1399 # Run depmod only if we have System.map and depmod is executable 1400 quiet_cmd_depmod = DEPMOD $(KERNELRELEASE) 1401 cmd_depmod = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/depmod.sh $(DEPMOD) \ 1402 $(KERNELRELEASE) "$(patsubst "%",%,$(CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX))" 1403 1404 # Create temporary dir for module support files 1405 # clean it up only when building all modules 1406 cmd_crmodverdir = $(Q)mkdir -p $(MODVERDIR) \ 1407 $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES),; rm -f $(MODVERDIR)/*) 1408 1409 # read all saved command lines 1410 1411 targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets))) 1412 cmd_files := $(wildcard .*.cmd $(foreach f,$(targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd)) 1413 1414 ifneq ($(cmd_files),) 1415 $(cmd_files): ; # Do not try to update included dependency files 1416 include $(cmd_files) 1417 endif 1418 1419 # Shorthand for $(Q)$(MAKE) -f scripts/Makefile.clean obj=dir 1420 # Usage: 1421 # $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=dir 1422 clean := -f $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(srctree)/)scripts/Makefile.clean obj 1423 1424 endif # skip-makefile 1425 1426 PHONY += FORCE 1427 FORCE: 1428 1429 # Declare the contents of the .PHONY variable as phony. We keep that 1430 # information in a variable so we can use it in if_changed and friends. 1431 .PHONY: $(PHONY)
8.建立ramdisk映像文件
据说如果系统是安装在scsi磁盘上，这一步是必须的。一般PC 机用的都是SATA硬盘，这种硬盘通常都是用在要求比较高的服务器上。顺便说一下，这一步命令是：mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd-linux3.9.4.img
9.安装内核
键入 make install，系统会将内核的镜像文件和System.map拷贝到 /boot下，最后还会自动生成引导菜单
10.reboot系统
重启后可以通过uname -r查看升级后的系统内核号
11.最后可以有选择的删除旧内核文件，这里不多说了，下面说一说如何添加一个简单的系统调用
二：添加新的系统调用
其实要添加新的系统调用就是添加新的新的系统调用处理函数，明确系统调用号
1.添加新的系统调用处理函数
在刚刚linux-3.9.4中通过find -name sys.c可以找到sys.c的位置，在里面添加新的系统处理函数。通过查找可以看到在kernel中有用来添加新的系统调用函数的 sys.c文件。
图12
添加的系统调用函数见图13
图13
定义完了函数不要忘了做声明。系统调用的函数声明通常在syscalls.h中，查找它
图14
在syscalls.h中添加前面调用函数的声明
2.添加系统调用号
内核的系统调用号是在syscall_32.tbl文件中的，不知道在哪儿？find一下
图15
添加第351条系统调用号
图16
3.测试新的系统调用
在添加完新的系统调用后必须要重新编译内核，最后提供一个简单的测试程序
1 /* 2 *fun test new syscall 3 *Author Zhou You 4 *date 2013.6.7 5 */ 6 #include <unistd.h> 7 #include <stdio.h> 8 #define MYCALL 351 9 int main() 10 { 11 syscall(MYCALL,1); 12 return 1; 13 }
最后看一下测试结果
可以看到系统确实调用了前面添加的sys_zycall001( int num );
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