20212216王恒钊《Python程序设计》实验四报告

课程：《Python程序设计》
班级： 2122
姓名： 王恒钊
学号：20212216
实验教师：王志强
实验日期：2022年5月28日
必修/选修： 公选课

一、实验要求

Python综合应用：爬虫、数据处理、可视化、机器学习、神经网络、游戏、网络安全等。
注：在华为ECS服务器(OpenOuler系统)和物理机(Windows/Linux系统)上使用VIM、PDB、IDLE、Pycharm等工具编程实现。

二、实验内容

通过Python写一个数独小游戏，并在华为云服务器上保存并运行。

三、实验灵感

数独是一款风靡全球的小游戏，能提高我们的思维和判断能力。借着这次实验，决定写一个数独小游戏。

四、实验过程

（一）搜索相关的python编写数独的注意事项

（二）编写数独代码

import random

import math

 

matrix = []

sds = []

 

 

def get_random_unit():

    _num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

    random.shuffle(_num_list)

    return _num_list

 

 

def print_grid(arr):

    for i in range(9):

        sds.append(arr[i])

 

 

def get_row(row):

    row_arr = []

    for v in matrix[row]:

        if v == 0:

            continue

        row_arr.append(v)

    return row_arr

 

 

def get_col(col):

    col_arr = []

    for i in range(9):

        val = matrix[i][col]

        if val == 0:

            continue

        col_arr.append(matrix[i][col])

    return col_arr

 

 

def get_block(num):

    col_arr = []

    seq = num % 3

    col_end = 9 if seq == 0 else seq * 3

    row_end = int(math.ceil(num / 3) * 3)

    for i in range(row_end - 3, row_end):

        for j in range(col_end - 3, col_end):

            val = matrix[i][j]

            if val != 0:

                col_arr.append(matrix[i][j])

    return col_arr

 

 

def get_block_seq(row, col):

    col_seq = int(math.ceil((col + 0.1) / 3))

    row_seq = int(math.ceil((row + 0.1) / 3))

    return 3 * (row_seq - 1) + col_seq

 

 

def get_enable_arr(row, col):

    avail_arr = get_random_unit()

    seq = get_block_seq(row, col)

    block = get_block(seq)

    row = get_row(row)

    col = get_col(col)

    unable_arr = list(set(block + row + col))

    for v in unable_arr:

        if v in avail_arr:

            avail_arr.remove(v)

    return avail_arr

 

 

def main():

    can_num = {}

    count = 0

   

    for i in range(9):

        matrix.append([0] * 9)

 

    num_list = get_random_unit()

    for row in range(3):

        for col in range(3):

            matrix[row][col] = num_list.pop(0)

 

    num_list = get_random_unit()

    for row in range(3, 6):

        for col in range(3, 6):

            matrix[row][col] = num_list.pop(0)

 

    num_list = get_random_unit()

    for row in range(6, 9):

        for col in range(6, 9):

            matrix[row][col] = num_list.pop(0)

 

    box_list = []

    for row in range(9):

        for col in range(9):

            if matrix[row][col] == 0:

                box_list.append({'row': row, 'col': col})

 

    i = 0

    while i < len(box_list):

        count += 1

        position = box_list[i]

        row = position['row']

        col = position['col']

        key = '%dx%d' % (row, col)

        if key in can_num:

            enable_arr = can_num[key]

        else:

            enable_arr = get_enable_arr(row, col)

            can_num[key] = enable_arr

 

        if len(enable_arr) <= 0:

            i -= 1

            if key in can_num:

                del (can_num[key])

            matrix[row][col] = 0

            continue

        else:

            matrix[row][col] = enable_arr.pop()

            i += 1

 

    print_grid(matrix)

 

if __name__ == "__main__":

    main()

 

# --------------------华丽の分割线--------------------

 

ac_num = 0

pausE = True

difficulty = 3

 

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import ttk

import time

import pygame as py

 

def setDiff(difF):

    global difficulty

    global diff

    try:

        difficulty = int(difF)

        diff.destroy()

    except:

        pass

diff = Tk()

diff.title('难度选择')

diff.geometry('300x90')

diff.resizable(0,0)

Label(diff,text='选择你要挑战的难度!(0~9)',font=('微软雅黑',9)).pack()

cmb = ttk.Combobox(diff)

cmb.pack()

cmb['value'] = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

Button(diff,text='我选好了',command=lambda:setDiff(cmb.get())).pack()

diff.mainloop()

window = Tk()

window.title('数独')

window.geometry('390x500')

window.resizable(0,0)

begin_time = 0

steps = 0

rights = 0

wrongs = 0

dwc = difficulty*9

ac_name = None

 

list = range(1,82)

try:

    ran = random.sample(list,dwc)

except:

    if difficulty > 9:

        ran = random.sample(list,9)

    elif difficulty < 0:

        ran = random.sample(list,1)

    print('难度输入出现问题 你将无法通关')

try:

    py.mixer.init()

    py.mixer.music.load('bg2.mp3')

    py.mixer.music.play(-1)

except:

    print('未检测到名为 bg2.mp3  的背景音乐')

   

def setBlock(num,name):

    global begin_time

    if begin_time == 0:

        begin_time = time.time()

    global ac_name

    global ac_num

    if ac_name != name and name != None and ac_name != None:

        ac_name.config(text='?',bg='orange',activebackground='orange',relief='groove')

    if name.cget('bg') != 'green':

        name.config(text='···',relief='sunken',bg='lightblue',activebackground='lightblue')

        ac_name = name

        ac_num = num

    else:

        ac_name = None

def setNum(num):

    global ac_name

    global begin_time

    global dwc

    global ac_num

    global re

    global difficulty

    global steps

    global wrongs

    global rights

    global steP

    try:

        b_color = ac_name.cget('bg')

        if ac_num == num:

            ac_name.config(text='√',activebackground='green',relief='groove',bg='green')

        else:  

            ac_name.config(text='×',activebackground='red',relief='groove')

        ac_name.flash()

        ac_name.flash()

        if ac_num == num:

            ac_name.config(text=str(num),activebackground='green',background='green',relief='groove')

        else:

            ac_name.config(text='?',bg='orange',activebackground='orange',relief='groove')

        if ac_name.cget('bg') == 'green' and b_color == 'lightblue':

            dwc -= 1

            ac_name = None

            rights += 1

            steps += 1

        elif b_color == 'lightblue' and ac_name.cget('bg') == 'orange':

            ac_name = None

            wrongs += 1

            steps += 1

        if dwc == 0:

            ac_name = None

            print('恭喜,你赢了!')

            Label(window,text='恭喜,你赢了!',font=('微软雅黑',30),bg='lightgreen').place(x=52,y=50)

            use_time = round(time.time()-begin_time,1)

            Label(window,text='用时'+str(use_time)+'秒  正确率'+str(round((rights/steps)*100,1))+'%',bg='yellow').place(x=113,y=121)

        re.config(text='剩余数字数量:'+str(dwc)+' 难度等级:'+str(difficulty))

        steP.config(text='步数:'+str(steps)+' 正确:'+str(rights)+' 错误:'+str(wrongs))

        ac_name = None

    except:

        pass

def tipSs():

    '''global sds

    for ynfo in sds:

        print(ynfo)'''

    global ac_num

    global ac_name

    try:

        ac_name.config(text=str(ac_num))

        ac_name.flash()

        ac_name.config(text='···')

    except:

        pass

def pauseOr(bgm):

    global pausE

    if pausE == True:

        py.mixer.music.pause()

        Button(window,text='♪',font=('楷体',7),relief='sunken',bg='white',command=lambda:pauseOr(bgm)).place(x=365,y=11)

        pausE = False

    elif pausE == False:

        py.mixer.music.unpause()

        Button(window,text='♫',font=('楷体',7),relief='sunken',bg='green',command=lambda:pauseOr(bgm)).place(x=365,y=11)

        pausE = True

j=0

i=0.7

_count = 1

wz = False

# 这里通过win10计算器，两年前的项目写出了算法

def spaceBtn(i,j,ri,rj):

    name =  'a'+str(i+1)+str(j+1)

    name = Button(window,text='?',font=('微软雅黑',10),relief='groove',bg='orange',activebackground='orange',command=lambda:setBlock(sds[i][j],name))

    name.place(x=rj*36,y=ri*38,width=30,height=30)

def numBtn(num):

    Button(window,text=str(num),font=('楷体',15),relief='sunken',bg='white',activebackground='blue',command=lambda:setNum(num)).place(x=x*42+9,y=380,width=37,height=37)

for info in sds:

    for jnfo in info:

        j+=1

        for znfo in ran:

            if _count == znfo:

                wz = True

        _count += 1

        if wz == True:

            spaceBtn(round(i-1),j-1,i,j)

            wz = False

        else:

            Label(window,text=jnfo,font=('微软雅黑',10),relief='ridge',bg='grey').place(x=j*36,y=i*38,width=30,height=30)

    j=0

    i+=1

for x in range(0,9):

    numBtn(x+1)

Button(window,text='提示',command=tipSs).place(x=50,y=430)

bgm = Button(window,text='♫',font=('楷体',7),relief='sunken',bg='green',command=lambda:pauseOr(bgm)).place(x=365,y=11)

re = Label(window,text='剩余数字数量:'+str(dwc)+' 难度等级:'+str(difficulty),relief='sunken')

re.place(x=185,y=470)

steP = Label(window,text='步数:'+str(steps)+' 正确:'+str(rights)+' 错误:'+str(wrongs),relief='sunken')

steP.place(x=5,y=470)

window.mainloop()

（三）试着在vscode上运行

 

 选择难度为0—9

 

 试运行

 

 （四）购买华为云服务器

 

 （五）上传源码至ECS主机

 

 （六）在putty上登陆云服务器

 

 

 

 

 

 （七）下载tkinter

 

 由于第一次下载时未截屏，展示第二次下载的结果

（八）下载xterm

 

 同样首次下载未截屏

（九）下载xauth

 

 同样首次下载未截屏

（十）开始在华为云服务器里运行

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

五、实验反思

实验过程中遇到的问题

在最终运行时，发现运行不了，多次检查并询问同学后发现是代码里同时用到了pygame和tkinter。同学说这两个不能同时存在。

解决方法

修改代码，将代码中用到的pygame部分删去，后成功运行，但是这样就舍弃了背景音乐，最终在华为云服务器上运行后没有了音乐，不过数独游戏能正常玩。

 

 

最后附上修改后的代码：

import random

import math

 

matrix = []

sds = []

 

 

def get_random_unit():

    _num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

    random.shuffle(_num_list)

    return _num_list

 

 

def print_grid(arr):

    for i in range(9):

        sds.append(arr[i])

 

 

def get_row(row):

    row_arr = []

    for v in matrix[row]:

        if v == 0:

            continue

        row_arr.append(v)

    return row_arr

 

 

def get_col(col):

    col_arr = []

    for i in range(9):

        val = matrix[i][col]

        if val == 0:

            continue

        col_arr.append(matrix[i][col])

    return col_arr

 

 

def get_block(num):

    col_arr = []

    seq = num % 3

    col_end = 9 if seq == 0 else seq * 3

    row_end = int(math.ceil(num / 3) * 3)

    for i in range(row_end - 3, row_end):

        for j in range(col_end - 3, col_end):

            val = matrix[i][j]

            if val != 0:

                col_arr.append(matrix[i][j])

    return col_arr

 

 

def get_block_seq(row, col):

    col_seq = int(math.ceil((col + 0.1) / 3))

    row_seq = int(math.ceil((row + 0.1) / 3))

    return 3 * (row_seq - 1) + col_seq

 

 

def get_enable_arr(row, col):

    avail_arr = get_random_unit()

    seq = get_block_seq(row, col)

    block = get_block(seq)

    row = get_row(row)

    col = get_col(col)

    unable_arr = list(set(block + row + col))

    for v in unable_arr:

        if v in avail_arr:

            avail_arr.remove(v)

    return avail_arr

 

 

def main():

    can_num = {}

    count = 0

   

    for i in range(9):

        matrix.append([0] * 9)

 

    num_list = get_random_unit()

    for row in range(3):

        for col in range(3):

            matrix[row][col] = num_list.pop(0)

 

    num_list = get_random_unit()

    for row in range(3, 6):

        for col in range(3, 6):

            matrix[row][col] = num_list.pop(0)

 

    num_list = get_random_unit()

    for row in range(6, 9):

        for col in range(6, 9):

            matrix[row][col] = num_list.pop(0)

 

    box_list = []

    for row in range(9):

        for col in range(9):

            if matrix[row][col] == 0:

                box_list.append({'row': row, 'col': col})

 

    i = 0

    while i < len(box_list):

        count += 1

        position = box_list[i]

        row = position['row']

        col = position['col']

        key = '%dx%d' % (row, col)

        if key in can_num:

            enable_arr = can_num[key]

        else:

            enable_arr = get_enable_arr(row, col)

            can_num[key] = enable_arr

 

        if len(enable_arr) <= 0:

            i -= 1

            if key in can_num:

                del (can_num[key])

            matrix[row][col] = 0

            continue

        else:

            matrix[row][col] = enable_arr.pop()

            i += 1

 

    print_grid(matrix)

 

if __name__ == "__main__":

    main()

 

# --------------------华丽の分割线--------------------

 

ac_num = 0

pausE = True

difficulty = 3

 

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import ttk

import time

# import pygame as py

 

def setDiff(difF):

    global difficulty

    global diff

    try:

        difficulty = int(difF)

        diff.destroy()

    except:

        pass

diff = Tk()

diff.title('难度选择')

diff.geometry('300x90')

diff.resizable(0,0)

Label(diff,text='选择你要挑战的难度!(0~9)',font=('微软雅黑',9)).pack()

cmb = ttk.Combobox(diff)

cmb.pack()

cmb['value'] = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

Button(diff,text='我选好了',command=lambda:setDiff(cmb.get())).pack()

diff.mainloop()

window = Tk()

window.title('数独')

window.geometry('390x500')

window.resizable(0,0)

begin_time = 0

steps = 0

rights = 0

wrongs = 0

dwc = difficulty*9

ac_name = None

 

list = range(1,82)

try:

    ran = random.sample(list,dwc)

except:

    if difficulty > 9:

        ran = random.sample(list,9)

    elif difficulty < 0:

        ran = random.sample(list,1)

    print('难度输入出现问题 你将无法通关')

# try:

#     py.mixer.init()

#     py.mixer.music.load('bg2.mp3')

#     py.mixer.music.play(-1)

# except:

#     print('未检测到名为 bg2.mp3  的背景音乐')

   

def setBlock(num,name):

    global begin_time

    if begin_time == 0:

        begin_time = time.time()

    global ac_name

    global ac_num

    if ac_name != name and name != None and ac_name != None:

        ac_name.config(text='?',bg='orange',activebackground='orange',relief='groove')

    if name.cget('bg') != 'green':

        name.config(text='···',relief='sunken',bg='lightblue',activebackground='lightblue')

        ac_name = name

        ac_num = num

    else:

        ac_name = None

def setNum(num):

    global ac_name

    global begin_time

    global dwc

    global ac_num

    global re

    global difficulty

    global steps

    global wrongs

    global rights

    global steP

    try:

        b_color = ac_name.cget('bg')

        if ac_num == num:

            ac_name.config(text='√',activebackground='green',relief='groove',bg='green')

        else:  

            ac_name.config(text='×',activebackground='red',relief='groove')

        ac_name.flash()

        ac_name.flash()

        if ac_num == num:

            ac_name.config(text=str(num),activebackground='green',background='green',relief='groove')

        else:

            ac_name.config(text='?',bg='orange',activebackground='orange',relief='groove')

        if ac_name.cget('bg') == 'green' and b_color == 'lightblue':

            dwc -= 1

            ac_name = None

            rights += 1

            steps += 1

        elif b_color == 'lightblue' and ac_name.cget('bg') == 'orange':

            ac_name = None

            wrongs += 1

            steps += 1

        if dwc == 0:

            ac_name = None

            print('恭喜,你赢了!')

            Label(window,text='恭喜,你赢了!',font=('微软雅黑',30),bg='lightgreen').place(x=52,y=50)

            use_time = round(time.time()-begin_time,1)

            Label(window,text='用时'+str(use_time)+'秒  正确率'+str(round((rights/steps)*100,1))+'%',bg='yellow').place(x=113,y=121)

        re.config(text='剩余数字数量:'+str(dwc)+' 难度等级:'+str(difficulty))

        steP.config(text='步数:'+str(steps)+' 正确:'+str(rights)+' 错误:'+str(wrongs))

        ac_name = None

    except:

        pass

def tipSs():

    '''global sds

    for ynfo in sds:

        print(ynfo)'''

    global ac_num

    global ac_name

    try:

        ac_name.config(text=str(ac_num))

        ac_name.flash()

        ac_name.config(text='···')

    except:

        pass

def pauseOr(bgm):pass

    # global pausE

    # if pausE == True:

    #     py.mixer.music.pause()

    #     Button(window,text='♪',font=('楷体',7),relief='sunken',bg='white',command=lambda:pauseOr(bgm)).place(x=365,y=11)

    #     pausE = False

    # elif pausE == False:

    #     py.mixer.music.unpause()

    #     Button(window,text='♫',font=('楷体',7),relief='sunken',bg='green',command=lambda:pauseOr(bgm)).place(x=365,y=11)

    #     pausE = True

j=0

i=0.7

_count = 1

wz = False

# 这里通过win10计算器，两年前的项目写出了算法

def spaceBtn(i,j,ri,rj):

    name =  'a'+str(i+1)+str(j+1)

    name = Button(window,text='?',font=('微软雅黑',10),relief='groove',bg='orange',activebackground='orange',command=lambda:setBlock(sds[i][j],name))

    name.place(x=rj*36,y=ri*38,width=30,height=30)

def numBtn(num):

    Button(window,text=str(num),font=('楷体',15),relief='sunken',bg='white',activebackground='blue',command=lambda:setNum(num)).place(x=x*42+9,y=380,width=37,height=37)

for info in sds:

    for jnfo in info:

        j+=1

        for znfo in ran:

            if _count == znfo:

                wz = True

        _count += 1

        if wz == True:

            spaceBtn(round(i-1),j-1,i,j)

            wz = False

        else:

            Label(window,text=jnfo,font=('微软雅黑',10),relief='ridge',bg='grey').place(x=j*36,y=i*38,width=30,height=30)

    j=0

    i+=1

for x in range(0,9):

    numBtn(x+1)

Button(window,text='提示',command=tipSs).place(x=50,y=430)

bgm = Button(window,text='♫',font=('楷体',7),relief='sunken',bg='green',command=lambda:pauseOr(bgm)).place(x=365,y=11)

re = Label(window,text='剩余数字数量:'+str(dwc)+' 难度等级:'+str(difficulty),relief='sunken')

re.place(x=185,y=470)

steP = Label(window,text='步数:'+str(steps)+' 正确:'+str(rights)+' 错误:'+str(wrongs),relief='sunken')

steP.place(x=5,y=470)

window.mainloop()

六、全课总结

不得不说，每一次的实验都很难，要付出大量的时间与精力，让人头疼。但是做完实验，写完实验报告后对实验的印象加深了很多，确实效果显著。

python到这里就结束了，上课学习python的经历就此结束，但是课下学习python的路还会继续走。在python课上学到了很多，也扩充了自己的知识面与知识点。

我对老师的讲课有一小点建议，希望以后的python课后期不要这么赶，跨度也尽量不要这么大，在python课上到后面几节，我能明显感受到每节课的跨度很大，对初学者很不友好。

感谢老师的悉心指导，让我收获颇丰。

最后的最后，还是那句话：

人生苦短，我用Python！

 

参考资料

_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable - 简书 (jianshu.com)

Putty+Xming远程登录Ubuntu 16.04图形界面_Linux教程_Linux公社-Linux系统门户网站 (linuxidc.com)