import urllib2
import json
import cookielib
def urllib2_request(url, method="GET", cookie="", headers={}, data=None):
"""
:param url: 要请求的url
:param cookie: 请求方式，GET、POST、DELETE、PUT..
:param cookie: 要传入的cookie，cookie= 'k1=v1;k1=v2'
:param headers: 发送数据时携带的请求头，headers = {'ContentType':'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}
:param data: 要发送的数据GET方式需要传入参数，data={'d1': 'v1'}
:return: 返回元祖，响应的字符串内容 和 cookiejar对象
对于cookiejar对象，可以使用for循环访问：
for item in cookiejar:
print item.name,item.value
"""
if data:
data = json.dumps(data)
cookie_jar = cookielib.CookieJar()
handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie_jar)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
opener.addheaders.append(['Cookie', 'k1=v1;k1=v2'])
request = urllib2.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)
request.get_method = lambda: method
response = opener.open(request)
origin = response.read()
return origin, cookie_jar
# GET
result = urllib2_request('http://127.0.0.1:8001/index/', method="GET")
# POST
result = urllib2_request('http://127.0.0.1:8001/index/', method="POST", data= {'k1': 'v1'})
# PUT
result = urllib2_request('http://127.0.0.1:8001/index/', method="PUT", data= {'k1': 'v1'})
封装urllib请求
import requests
ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print ret.url
print ret.text
# 2、有参数实例
import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print ret.url
print ret.text
import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print ret.text
# 2、发送请求头和数据实例
import requests
import json
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print ret.text
print ret.cookies
requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs)
requests.post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs)
requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.head(url, **kwargs)
requests.delete(url, **kwargs)
requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.options(url, **kwargs)
# 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建
requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)
def request(method, url, **kwargs):
"""Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.
:param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': ('filename', fileobj)}``) for multipart encoding upload.
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
:param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data
before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
:type timeout: float or tuple
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.
:type allow_redirects: bool
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
:param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``.
:param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
:return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
:rtype: requests.Response
Usage::
>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
<Response [200]>
"""
# By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
# avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
# cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
with sessions.Session() as session:
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
更多参数
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import time
import hashlib
def _password(pwd):
ha = hashlib.md5()
ha.update(pwd)
return ha.hexdigest()
def login():
login_dict = {
'username': "用户名",
'pwd': _password("密码"),
'imgcode': "",
'f': 'json'
}
login_res = requests.post(
url= "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN",
data=login_dict,
headers={'Referer': 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN'})
# 登陆成功之后获取服务器响应的cookie
resp_cookies_dict = login_res.cookies.get_dict()
# 登陆成功后，获取服务器响应的内容
resp_text = login_res.text
# 登陆成功后，获取token
token = re.findall(".*token=(\d+)", resp_text)[0]
print resp_text
print token
print resp_cookies_dict
login()
登陆代码
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import time
import hashlib
import json
import re
LOGIN_COOKIES_DICT = {}
def _password(pwd):
ha = hashlib.md5()
ha.update(pwd)
return ha.hexdigest()
def login():
login_dict = {
'username': "用户名",
'pwd': _password("密码"),
'imgcode': "",
'f': 'json'
}
login_res = requests.post(
url= "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN",
data=login_dict,
headers={'Referer': 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN'})
# 登陆成功之后获取服务器响应的cookie
resp_cookies_dict = login_res.cookies.get_dict()
# 登陆成功后，获取服务器响应的内容
resp_text = login_res.text
# 登陆成功后，获取token
token = re.findall(".*token=(\d+)", resp_text)[0]
return {'token': token, 'cookies': resp_cookies_dict}
def standard_user_list(content):
content = re.sub('\s*', '', content)
content = re.sub('\n*', '', content)
data = re.findall("""cgiData=(.*);seajs""", content)[0]
data = data.strip()
while True:
temp = re.split('({)(\w+)(:)', data, 1)
if len(temp) == 5:
temp[2] = '"' + temp[2] + '"'
data = ''.join(temp)
else:
break
while True:
temp = re.split('(,)(\w+)(:)', data, 1)
if len(temp) == 5:
temp[2] = '"' + temp[2] + '"'
data = ''.join(temp)
else:
break
data = re.sub('\*\d+', "", data)
ret = json.loads(data)
return ret
def get_user_list():
login_dict = login()
LOGIN_COOKIES_DICT.update(login_dict)
login_cookie_dict = login_dict['cookies']
res_user_list = requests.get(
url= "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user_tag",
params = {"action": "get_all_data", "lang": "zh_CN", "token": login_dict['token']},
cookies = login_cookie_dict,
headers={'Referer': 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN'}
)
user_info = standard_user_list(res_user_list.text)
for item in user_info['user_list']:
print "%s %s " % (item['nick_name'],item['id'],)
get_user_list()
代码实现
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import time
import hashlib
import json
import re
LOGIN_COOKIES_DICT = {}
def _password(pwd):
ha = hashlib.md5()
ha.update(pwd)
return ha.hexdigest()
def login():
login_dict = {
'username': "用户名",
'pwd': _password("密码"),
'imgcode': "",
'f': 'json'
}
login_res = requests.post(
url= "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN",
data=login_dict,
headers={'Referer': 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN'})
# 登陆成功之后获取服务器响应的cookie
resp_cookies_dict = login_res.cookies.get_dict()
# 登陆成功后，获取服务器响应的内容
resp_text = login_res.text
# 登陆成功后，获取token
token = re.findall(".*token=(\d+)", resp_text)[0]
return {'token': token, 'cookies': resp_cookies_dict}
def standard_user_list(content):
content = re.sub('\s*', '', content)
content = re.sub('\n*', '', content)
data = re.findall("""cgiData=(.*);seajs""", content)[0]
data = data.strip()
while True:
temp = re.split('({)(\w+)(:)', data, 1)
if len(temp) == 5:
temp[2] = '"' + temp[2] + '"'
data = ''.join(temp)
else:
break
while True:
temp = re.split('(,)(\w+)(:)', data, 1)
if len(temp) == 5:
temp[2] = '"' + temp[2] + '"'
data = ''.join(temp)
else:
break
data = re.sub('\*\d+', "", data)
ret = json.loads(data)
return ret
def get_user_list():
login_dict = login()
LOGIN_COOKIES_DICT.update(login_dict)
login_cookie_dict = login_dict['cookies']
res_user_list = requests.get(
url= "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user_tag",
params = {"action": "get_all_data", "lang": "zh_CN", "token": login_dict['token']},
cookies = login_cookie_dict,
headers={'Referer': 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN'}
)
user_info = standard_user_list(res_user_list.text)
for item in user_info['user_list']:
print "%s %s " % (item['nick_name'],item['id'],)
def send_msg(user_fake_id, content='啥也没发'):
login_dict = LOGIN_COOKIES_DICT
token = login_dict['token']
login_cookie_dict = login_dict['cookies']
send_dict = {
'token': token,
'lang': "zh_CN",
'f': 'json',
'ajax': 1,
'random': "0.5322618900912392",
'type': 1,
'content': content,
'tofakeid': user_fake_id,
'imgcode': ''
}
send_url = "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/singlesend?t=ajax-response&f=json&token=%s&lang=zh_CN" % (token,)
message_list = requests.post(
url=send_url,
data=send_dict,
cookies=login_cookie_dict,
headers={'Referer': 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/login?lang=zh_CN'}
)
get_user_list()
fake_id = raw_input('请输入用户ID:')
content = raw_input('请输入消息内容:')
send_msg(fake_id, content)
发送消息代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
class XiaoHuarSpider(scrapy.spiders.Spider):
name = "xiaohuar"
allowed_domains = ["xiaohuar.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://www.xiaohuar.com/hua/",
]
def parse(self, response):
# print(response, type(response))
# from scrapy.http.response.html import HtmlResponse
# print(response.body_as_unicode())
current_url = response.url
body = response.body
unicode_body = response.body_as_unicode()
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
import re
import urllib
import os
class XiaoHuarSpider(scrapy.spiders.Spider):
name = "xiaohuar"
allowed_domains = ["xiaohuar.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-1.html",
]
def parse(self, response):
# 分析页面
# 找到页面中符合规则的内容（校花图片），保存
# 找到所有的a标签，再访问其他a标签，一层一层的搞下去
hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
# 如果url是 http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-\d+.html
if re.match('http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-\d+.html', response.url):
items = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div')
for i in range(len(items)):
src = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div[%d]//div[@class="img"]/a/img/@src' % i).extract()
name = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div[%d]//div[@class="img"]/span/text()' % i).extract()
school = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div[%d]//div[@class="img"]/div[@class="btns"]/a/text()' % i).extract()
if src:
ab_src = "http://www.xiaohuar.com" + src[0]
file_name = "%s_%s.jpg" % (school[0].encode('utf-8'), name[0].encode('utf-8'))
file_path = os.path.join("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/beauty/pic", file_name)
urllib.urlretrieve(ab_src, file_path)
# 获取所有的url，继续访问，并在其中寻找相同的url
all_urls = hxs.select('//a/@href').extract()
for url in all_urls:
if url.startswith('http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-'):
yield Request(url, callback=self.parse)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import hashlib
from tutorial.items import JinLuoSiItem
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
class JinLuoSiSpider(scrapy.spiders.Spider):
count = 0
url_set = set()
name = "jluosi"
domain = 'http://www.jluosi.com'
allowed_domains = ["jluosi.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://www.jluosi.com:80/ec/goodsDetail.action?jls=QjRDNEIzMzAzOEZFNEE3NQ==",
]
def parse(self, response):
md5_obj = hashlib.md5()
md5_obj.update(response.url)
md5_url = md5_obj.hexdigest()
if md5_url in JinLuoSiSpider.url_set:
pass
else:
JinLuoSiSpider.url_set.add(md5_url)
hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
if response.url.startswith('http://www.jluosi.com:80/ec/goodsDetail.action'):
item = JinLuoSiItem()
item['company'] = hxs.select('//div[@class="ShopAddress"]/ul/li[1]/text()').extract()
item['link'] = hxs.select('//div[@class="ShopAddress"]/ul/li[2]/text()').extract()
item['qq'] = hxs.select('//div[@class="ShopAddress"]//a/@href').re('.*uin=(?P<qq>\d*)&')
item['address'] = hxs.select('//div[@class="ShopAddress"]/ul/li[4]/text()').extract()
item['title'] = hxs.select('//h1[@class="goodsDetail_goodsName"]/text()').extract()
item['unit'] = hxs.select('//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr[1]//td[3]/text()').extract()
product_list = []
product_tr = hxs.select('//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr')
for i in range(2,len(product_tr)):
temp = {
'standard':hxs.select('//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr[%d]//td[2]/text()' %i).extract()[0].strip(),
'price':hxs.select('//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr[%d]//td[3]/text()' %i).extract()[0].strip(),
}
product_list.append(temp)
item['product_list'] = product_list
yield item
current_page_urls = hxs.select('//a/@href').extract()
for i in range(len(current_page_urls)):
url = current_page_urls[i]
if url.startswith('http://www.jluosi.com'):
url_ab = url
yield Request(url_ab, callback=self.parse)
选择器规则Demo
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class JieYiCaiItem(scrapy.Item):
company = scrapy.Field()
title = scrapy.Field()
qq = scrapy.Field()
info = scrapy.Field()
more = scrapy.Field()
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import hashlib
from beauty.items import JieYiCaiItem
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
class JieYiCaiSpider(scrapy.spiders.Spider):
count = 0
url_set = set()
name = "jieyicai"
domain = 'http://www.jieyicai.com'
allowed_domains = ["jieyicai.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://www.jieyicai.com",
]
rules = [
#下面是符合规则的网址,但是不抓取内容,只是提取该页的链接(这里网址是虚构的,实际使用时请替换)
#Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow=(r'http://test_url/test?page_index=\d+'))),
#下面是符合规则的网址,提取内容,(这里网址是虚构的,实际使用时请替换)
#Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=(r'http://www.jieyicai.com/Product/Detail.aspx?pid=\d+')), callback="parse"),
]
def parse(self, response):
md5_obj = hashlib.md5()
md5_obj.update(response.url)
md5_url = md5_obj.hexdigest()
if md5_url in JieYiCaiSpider.url_set:
pass
else:
JieYiCaiSpider.url_set.add(md5_url)
hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
if response.url.startswith('http://www.jieyicai.com/Product/Detail.aspx'):
item = JieYiCaiItem()
item['company'] = hxs.select('//span[@class="username g-fs-14"]/text()').extract()
item['qq'] = hxs.select('//span[@class="g-left bor1qq"]/a/@href').re('.*uin=(?P<qq>\d*)&')
item['info'] = hxs.select('//div[@class="padd20 bor1 comard"]/text()').extract()
item['more'] = hxs.select('//li[@class="style4"]/a/@href').extract()
item['title'] = hxs.select('//div[@class="g-left prodetail-text"]/h2/text()').extract()
yield item
current_page_urls = hxs.select('//a/@href').extract()
for i in range(len(current_page_urls)):
url = current_page_urls[i]
if url.startswith('/'):
url_ab = JieYiCaiSpider.domain + url
yield Request(url_ab, callback=self.parse)
spider
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
import MySQLdb.cursors
import re
mobile_re = re.compile(r'(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}')
phone_re = re.compile(r'(\d+-\d+|\d+)')
class JsonPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.file = open('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/beauty/beauty/jieyicai.json', 'wb')
def process_item(self, item, spider):
line = "%s %s\n" % (item['company'][0].encode('utf-8'), item['title'][0].encode('utf-8'))
self.file.write(line)
return item
class DBPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.db_pool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('MySQLdb',
db='DbCenter',
user='root',
passwd='123',
cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor,
use_unicode=True)
def process_item(self, item, spider):
query = self.db_pool.runInteraction(self._conditional_insert, item)
query.addErrback(self.handle_error)
return item
def _conditional_insert(self, tx, item):
tx.execute("select nid from company where company = %s", (item['company'][0], ))
result = tx.fetchone()
if result:
pass
else:
phone_obj = phone_re.search(item['info'][0].strip())
phone = phone_obj.group() if phone_obj else ' '
mobile_obj = mobile_re.search(item['info'][1].strip())
mobile = mobile_obj.group() if mobile_obj else ' '
values = (
item['company'][0],
item['qq'][0],
phone,
mobile,
item['info'][2].strip(),
item['more'][0])
tx.execute("insert into company(company,qq,phone,mobile,address,more) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)", values)
def handle_error(self, e):
print 'error',e
pipelines
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'beauty.pipelines.DBPipeline': 300,
'beauty.pipelines.JsonPipeline': 100,
}
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