Linux下常用命令整理
Linux中查看有关CPU的信息
- CPU总核数 = 物理CPU个数 * 每颗物理CPU的核数
- 总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 * 每颗物理CPU的核数 * 超线程数
查看CPU信息（型号）
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
物理CPU的个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq
每个物理CPU的逻辑核数
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cores" | uniq
系统整体cpu线程数
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
查看整体CPU的信息
[root@node1 270]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 24
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-23
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 12
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 79
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v4 @ 2.20GHz
Stepping: 1
CPU MHz: 1199.902
CPU max MHz: 2900,0000
CPU min MHz: 1200,0000
BogoMIPS: 4400.17
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 30720K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-11
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 12-23
其中Thread(s) per core能够看出是否开启了超线程，为‘1’表示未开启，为‘2’则表示开启超线程
Centos7.5 关闭超线程的方法
vim /etc/grub2.cfg
修改："linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos00-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos00/root rd.lvm.lv=centos00/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_DK.UTF-8"在‘rd.lvm.lv=centos00/swap’ 后面添加 nr_cpus=24，其中24为物理核心数
Centos7永久修改hostname的方法
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
Linux下时间和时间戳的转换
时间转换为时间戳
[ifactory2@node1 data]$ date
Sun Dec 16 11:15:04 CST 2018
[ifactory2@node1 data]$ date -d "Sun Dec 16 11:15:04 CST 2018" +%s
1544930104
[ifactory2@node1 data]$ date +%s
1544930152
[ifactory2@node1 data]$
时间戳转换为时间
[ifactory2@node1 data]$ date -d @1544930152
Sun Dec 16 11:15:52 CST 2018
[ifactory2@node1 data]$ date -d @1544930104
Sun Dec 16 11:15:04 CST 2018
[ifactory2@node1 data]$
检查TCP/UDP端口的连通性
telnet和nc是用来测试端口连通性的一般工具。
telnet可以测试tcp端口的连通性。
nc可以测试tcp和udp端口的连通性。
- telnet
语法：telnet <hostname/IP address>
telnet 192.168.4.91 22
- nc
语法：nc -z -v <hostname/IP address>
nc -z -v 192.168.4.91 22
其中，-z表示不发送数据，-v显示指令执行过程
nc -z -v -u 192.168.4.91 514 #rsyslog的udp端口
其中，-u表示udp
nc命令语法
nc [-hlnruz][-g<网关……>][-G<指向器数目>][-i<延迟秒杀>][-o<输出文件>][-p<通信端口>][-s<来源位置>][-v……][-w<超时秒数>][主机名称][]
nc命令参数解释
-n 直接指定ip地址，不通过域名解析
-v 显示指令执行过程
-u 使用udp协议
-z 使用0输入/输出模式，只在扫描通信端口时使用
Centos系统服务配置资源限制ulimit
- 在/usr/lib/systemd/systemctl/xxx.server中添加以下内容：
[Service]
# Other directives omitted
# (file size)
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# (cpu time)
LimitCPU=infinity
# (virtual memory size)
LimitAS=infinity
# (locked-in-memory size)
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# (open files)
LimitNOFILE=64000
# (processes/threads)
LimitNPROC=64000
- 重新进程服务才会生效
- 查看某个进程的资源限制，使用以下命令
ps -aux | grep xxx
cat /proc/{pid}/limits
其中，{pid}为进程ID
修改系统的ulimit参数
- 查看所有参数：ulimit -a
[root@t60 iFactory2]# ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 255553
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 1024
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 255553
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
[root@t60 iFactory2]#
- 修改具体某一项:/etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
# - a user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit (KB)
# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
# - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
ifactory2 soft memlock unlimited
root hard memlock unlimited
# End of file
- 但是，有时修改这个参数之后，服务的limit并没有随之改变，是由于服务自身有有关于ulimit的限制，因此仍然需哟上面提到的有关系统服务配置资源的限制。
自定义yum和createrepo
http://www.linuxe.cn/post-300.html
后期整理补充
systemctl 报错
Apr 14 11:37:35 t91 systemd-journal[607949]: Runtime journal is using 136.0M (max allowed 4.0G, trying to leave 4.0G free of 62.6G avail…mit 4.0G)
是因为systemd-journal服务没有启动，需要重新启动。启动成功之后，再启动对应的其他服务
要轻松的显示一个路径的所有权限，你可以使用：
namei -om /path/to/check
