Python可视化训练
（一）、设计实现电子算盘，并完成测试
【题目描述】
给小朋友设计一个电子算盘。要求绘制电子算盘界面，设计并实现打珠算过程（界面参考如下图示）。
界面右侧要求以图形绘制的方式绘制自画像，注意不能是图像文件显示的形式。
【源代码程序】
from tkinter import *
class Bead:
def __init__(self, canvas, x0, y0, x1, y1, fill):
self.canvas = canvas
self.id = canvas.create_oval(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=fill)
self.canvas.tag_bind(self.id, "<Button-1>", self.move_up)
self.canvas.tag_bind(self.id, "<Button-3>", self.move_down)
def move_up(self, event):
if float(self.canvas.coords(self.id)[1]) - 20 >= 40:
self.canvas.move(self.id, 0, -20)
def move_down(self, event):
if float(self.canvas.coords(self.id)[1]) + 20 <= 350:
self.canvas.move(self.id, 0, 20)
class Abacus:
def __init__(self, window):
self.window = window
self.window.title("电子算盘")
self.window.geometry("800x500")
self.canvas = Canvas(window, width="800", height="500", bg="white")
self.canvas.pack()
self.create_abacus()
self.draw_self_portrait() # Draw self-portrait
def create_abacus(self):
# Draw frame
self.canvas.create_rectangle(25, 40, 450, 400, width=3)
# Draw beads
for i in range(5):
Bead(self.canvas, 40 + i*80, 60, 100 + i*80, 90, 'purple')
for j in range(4):
Bead(self.canvas, 40 + i*80, 160 + j*60, 100 + i*80, 190 + j*60, 'pink')
# Draw separators
for y in range(100, 400, 60):
self.canvas.create_line(25, y, 450, y, width=3)
def draw_self_portrait(self):
# Draw head
self.canvas.create_oval(600, 30, 700, 130, fill='lightblue')
# Draw facial features
self.canvas.create_line(630, 70, 670, 70, width=5) # Eyes
self.canvas.create_line(650, 90, 650, 110, width=5) # Nose
self.canvas.create_arc(630, 100, 670, 120, start=0, extent=180, width=5) # Mouth
# Draw body
self.canvas.create_rectangle(610, 150, 690, 250, fill='lightgreen')
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = Tk()
abacus = Abacus(window)
window.mainloop()
【运行测试】
（二）、以（一）中的电子算盘为基础，设计并实现珠算测试器，并完成测试。
【题目描述】
给小朋友设计一个珠算测试器，要求能够完成珠算加减法的测试。具体的要求功能如下：
(1) 用户启动测试，输入用户名后系统随机生成特定数目的加减法测试题；
(2) 要求测试使用表盘式或数字时秒表进行界面计时显示（参考如上图示）；
(3) 对于每道测试题目，要求用户使用电子算盘完成珠算过程，当按下确认键时，将珠算结果与正确答案比对，并在界面上显示总题数、已答题数和已做对题数；
(4) 当测试完成，界面显示本次测试情况（包括用户名、测试题目及答题明细、对错情况、测试用时和测试成绩）
【源代码程序】
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox as msg
from random import randint
def initWindow():
rect = canvas.create_rectangle(25, 40, 450, 400, width=3) # 算盘边框
x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
for i in range(5): # 生成串算珠的线
line_fenge = canvas.create_line(25, 100, 450, 100, width=3) # 生成上下珠的分割线
x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
for i in range(5): # 生成5个上珠
top_oval[i] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 60 + y0, 100 + x1, 90 + y1, fill='purple', tags=f"top{i}")
x0 += 80
x1 += 80
x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
for i in range(4): # 生成4*5个下珠
for j in range(5):
below_oval[i][j] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 160 + y0, 100 + x1, 190 + y1, fill='pink', tags=f"below{i}{j}")
chushi[i][j] = canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j])
x0 += 80
x1 += 80
x0 = 0
x1 = 0
y0 += 60
y1 += 60
global start_button, label_sum, username, entry_username, username_text, window_showusername
global label_time, window_time, window_question
global var_username, var_question, var_msg, window_answer, window_msg
sum = Label(window, width=20, height=2, bg="grey", textvariable=var, font=('Arial', 14))
label_sum = canvas.create_window(750, 80, window=sum, anchor=NE)
canvas.itemconfigure(label_sum, state="hidden")
button = Button(window, width=30, height=4, bg="yellow", text="开始测试吧!", command=adjust)
start_button = canvas.create_window(750, 300, window=button, anchor=NE)
text = Label(window, text="用户名:", width=10, height=2, bg="white")
username_text = canvas.create_window(500, 200, window=text, anchor=CENTER)
username = Entry(window, font=('Arial', 14))
entry_username = canvas.create_window(640, 200, window=username, anchor=CENTER)
label_showusername = Label(window, textvariable=var_username, width=15, height=2, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14))
window_showusername = canvas.create_window(770, 0, window=label_showusername, anchor=NE)
canvas.itemconfigure(window_showusername, state="hidden")
label_time = Label(window, width=10, height=2, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14))
window_time = canvas.create_window(600, 0, window=label_time, anchor=NE)
canvas.itemconfigure(window_time, state="hidden")
label_question = Label(window, width=30, height=2, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14), textvariable=var_question)
window_question = canvas.create_window(630, 180, window=label_question, anchor=CENTER)
canvas.itemconfigure(window_question, state="hidden")
answer_button = Button(window, width=10, height=2, bg="grey", text="提交答案", command=judge, font=('Arial', 14))
window_answer = canvas.create_window(630, 400, window=answer_button, anchor=CENTER)
canvas.itemconfigure(window_answer, state="hidden")
msg_label = Label(window, width=30, height=6, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14), textvariable=var_msg)
window_msg = canvas.create_window(630, 260, window=msg_label, anchor=CENTER)
canvas.itemconfigure(window_msg, state="hidden")
def run_time(target):
def counting():
global time
time += 1
global li
print(li)
if li != 5:
target.config(text=f"所用时间:{str(time)}s")
else:
target.config(text="游戏结束")
target.after(1000, counting) # 间隔1000毫秒再次执行counting函数
counting()
def adjust():
global ques, li, true, false, all_username
myusername = username.get()
all_username = myusername
if myusername != "":
"""对画布中的部件进行一些调整"""
for i in range(5):
ques[i] = get_question()
canvas.itemconfigure(label_sum, state="normal")
canvas.itemconfigure(window_showusername, state="normal")
canvas.itemconfigure(window_time, state="normal")
canvas.itemconfigure(window_question, state="normal")
canvas.itemconfigure(window_answer, state="normal")
canvas.itemconfigure(window_msg, state="normal")
var_question.set(f"问题:{ques[0][0]}")
run_time(label_time)
var_username.set(f"用户名:{myusername}")
sum = get_sum()
var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")
var_msg.set(f"总题数:5\n已经做了0题\n已做对0题\n已做错0题")
canvas.itemconfigure(start_button, state="hidden")
canvas.itemconfigure(entry_username, state="hidden")
canvas.itemconfigure(username_text, state="hidden")
else:
msg.showinfo("错误", "用户名不能为空白")
def judge():
def next():
var_question.set(f"问题:{ques[li][0]}")
global li, false, true
sum = get_sum()
myanw[li][0] = ques[li][0]
myanw[li][1] = sum
if sum == int(ques[li][1]):
true += 1
msg.showinfo("答案正确", f"恭喜你做对了")
else:
false += 1
msg.showinfo("答案错误", f"做错了！正确答案是{ques[li][1]}")
li += 1
var_msg.set(f"总题数:5\n已经做了{li}题\n已做对{true}题\n已做错{false}题")
if li != 5:
next()
else:
msg.showinfo("游戏结束", f"以下是你的战绩\n总题数:5\n总用时:{time}s\n总成绩:{true * 20}分\n做对了{true}题\n做错了{false}题")
msg.showinfo("游戏结束", f"{all_username},你好\n以下是你的答题明细\n总题数:5\n1.{myanw[0][0]}={myanw[0][1]}\n"
f"2.{myanw[1][0]}={myanw[1][1]}\n3.{myanw[2][0]}={myanw[2][1]}\n"
f"4.{myanw[3][0]}={myanw[3][1]}\n5.{myanw[4][0]}={myanw[4][1]}\n")
exit()
def get_question():
answer, num1, num2 = 0, 0, 0
operator = ""
temp = randint(1, 2)
if temp == 1:
while 1:
num1 = randint(0, 99999)
num2 = randint(0, 99999)
if num1 + num2 <= 99999:
break
answer = num1 + num2
operator = "+"
elif temp == 2:
while 1:
num1 = randint(0, 99999)
num2 = randint(0, 99999)
if num1 - num2 > 0:
break
answer = num1 - num2
operator = "-"
equation = str(num1) + operator + str(num2)
return equation, answer
def get_sum():
sum = 0
temp = 5
for i in range(5):
temp -= 1
if num2[i] == 1:
sum += 10 ** temp * 5
temp = 5
for j in range(5):
temp -= 1
for i in range(4):
if num[i][j] == 1:
sum += 10 ** temp
return sum
def bind():
def handler_adaptor(handler, fun, row, col):
"""事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
return lambda event, handler=handler, fun=fun, col=col, row=row: handler(event=event, fun=fun, row=row, col=col)
def handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun, row):
"""事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
return lambda event, handler2=handler2, fun=fun, row=row: handler2(event=event, fun=fun, row=row)
def handler(event, fun, row, col):
"""下珠上划"""
content = fun # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
if row == 0:
if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 100 and num[row][col] == 0:
canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
num[row][col] = 1
else:
if num[row - 1][col] == 1:
if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 110 + 10 * (row + 1) and num[row][col] == 0:
canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
num[row][col] = 1
sum = get_sum()
var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")
def handler2(event, fun, row):
"""上珠上划"""
content = fun # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 20 >= 40:
canvas.move(content, 0, -20)
num2[row] = 1
sum = get_sum()
var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")
def handler3(event, fun, row, col):
"""下珠下划"""
content = fun # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
if row == 3:
if num[row][col] == 1:
canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
num[row][col] = 0
else:
if num[row + 1][col] == 0 and num[row][col] == 1:
canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
num[row][col] = 0
sum = get_sum()
var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")
def handler4(event, fun, row):
"""上珠下划"""
content = fun # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 20 <= 60:
canvas.move(content, 0, 20)
num2[row] = 0
sum = get_sum()
var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")
for i in range(5):
canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor2(handler4, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor(handler, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))
canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor(handler3, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = Tk()
window.title("电子算盘")
window.geometry("800x500")
canvas = Canvas(window, width="800", height="500", bg="white")
canvas.pack()
ques = [0 for i in range(5)]
myanw = [[0, 0]for i in range(5)]
li = 0
time, true, false = 0, 0, 0
start_button, label_sum, username, entry_username = 0, 0, 0, 0
username_text, window_showusername, window_time = 0, 0, 0
label_time, window_question, window_answer = 0, 0, 0
all_username = ""
window_msg = 0
var = StringVar()
var_username = StringVar()
var_question = StringVar()
var_msg = StringVar()
top_oval = [int for i in range(5)] # 定义列表存储5个上珠
below_oval = [[int for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 定义列表存储4*5个下珠
chushi = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 所有下珠的初始坐标
num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for j in range(4)] # 4*5个下珠分别是否被拨动
num2 = [0 for i in range(5)] # 五个上珠分别是否被拨动
initWindow()
bind()
window.mainloop()
【运行测试】
