nodejs 回调地狱解决 promise async

nodejs毁掉地狱是一直被人诟病的,以下总结一下解决毁掉地狱的一些方法。(暂时研究的比较浅)

1.promise

promise模式在任何时刻都处于以下三种状态之一:未完成(unfulfilled)、已完成(resolved)和拒绝(rejected)。以CommonJS Promise/A 标准为例,promise对象上的then方法负责添加针对已完成和拒绝状态下的处理函数。then方法会返回另一个promise对象,以便于形成promise管道,这种返回promise对象的方式能够支持开发人员把异步操作串联起来,如then(resolvedHandler, rejectedHandler); 。resolvedHandler 回调函数在promise对象进入完成状态时会触发,并传递结果;rejectedHandler函数会在拒绝状态下调用。(其中rejectedHandler可选)。

以下为一个有几级嵌套的函数,看起来比较令人恶心。(如果换成缩进四个字符可想而知)

'use strict';
const md = require('markdown-it')();
const fs = require('fs');
fs.watchFile('nodejs.md', (curr, prev) => {
  let mdStr = fs.readFile('./nodejs.md', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
    let mdData = md.render(data);
    let htmlTemplate = fs.readFile('./index.html', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
      let html = data.replace('{{content}}', mdData);
      console.log(mdData);
      fs.writeFile('./nodejs.html', html, 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
        if (err) {
          throw err;
        } else {
          console.log('OK');
        }
      });
    });
  });
});

一下用promise的方式实现同样的效果,首先把异步函数封装一下,然后下面可以指教调用。可能看起来代码比之前的版本更多,但是封装的异步函数是可以复用的。等任务多了就不显得代码多了。(但看最后调用函数的部分是不是优雅了不少)

'use strict';
const fs = require('fs');
const md = require('markdown-it')();
var Q = require('q');

function fs_readFile(file, encoding) {

  var deferred = Q.defer();
  fs.readFile(file, encoding, function(err, data) {
    if (err) deferred.reject(err); // rejects the promise with `er` as the reason
    else
      deferred.resolve(data) // fulfills the promise with `data` as the value
  });
  return deferred.promise; // the promise is returned
}

function fs_writeFile(file, data, encoding) {
  var deferred = Q.defer();
  fs.writeFile(file, data, encoding, function(err, data) {
    if (err) deferred.reject(err); // rejects the promise with `er` as the reason
    else deferred.resolve(data); // fulfills the promise with `data` as the value
  });
  return deferred.promise ;// the promise is returned
    //return 1; // the promise is returned
}

function fs_watchFile(file, curr, prev) {
  var deferred = Q.defer();
  fs.watchFile(file, function(curr, prev) {
    if (!prev) deferred.reject(err); // rejects the promise with `er` as the reason
    else deferred.resolve(curr); // fulfills the promise with `data` as the value
  });
  return deferred.promise // the promise is returned
}

function markdowm_convert(file, encoding, mdData) {

  var convertData = md.render(mdData);
  console.log(convertData);
  var deferred = Q.defer();
  fs.readFile(file, encoding, function(err, data) {
    if (err) deferred.reject(err); // rejects the promise with `er` as the reason
    else {
      data = data.replace('{{content}}', convertData);
      deferred.resolve(data); // fulfills the promise with `data` as the value
    }
  })
  return deferred.promise; // the promise is returned
}




// ===============promise实现  =====================
fs_watchFile('nodejs.md')
  .then(function() {
    return fs_readFile('./nodejs.md', 'utf-8');
  })
  .then(function(mdData) {
    return markdowm_convert('./index.html', 'utf-8', mdData);
  })
  .then(function(data) {
    fs_writeFile('./nodejs.html', data, 'utf-8');
  });

 2.async

node的async包有多的数不清的方法我暂时只实验了一个waterfall

waterfall瀑布流的意思和async中另一个函数series差不多都是按照顺序执行,不同之处是waterfall每执行完一个函数都会产生一个值,然后把这个值给下一个函数用。

以下是嵌套了两级的读写文件程序

fs.readFile('01.txt','utf-8',function(err,date){
  fs.writeFile('02.txt',date,'utf-8',function(err,date){
    console.log('复制完了');
  });
})

用async.waterfall 后代码如下

 

async.waterfall([
  function(cb){
    fs.readFile('01.txt','utf-8',function(err,result){
      cb(err,result);
    });

  },function(result,cb){
    fs.writeFile('02.txt',result,'utf-8',function(err,result){
      cb(err,result);
    });
  }
  ],function(err,result){
 console.log('复制完了');
})

 另外最近学习了generator及node co库的源码分析。详见这里

 

posted @ 2016-05-12 18:23  致敬科神  阅读(9707)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报