rhel7.5安装Oracle19c单实例数据库

一、配置磁盘
[root@yeshuo ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@yeshuo ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
[root@yeshuo ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sdb1
[root@yeshuo ~]# lvcreate -n lv_data -l +100%FREE vg_data
[root@yeshuo ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_data/lv_data
[root@yeshuo ~]# mkdir -p /data
[root@yeshuo ~]# mount /dev/vg_data/lv_data /data/

[root@yeshuo ~]# cat /etc/fstab ###添加以下行
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data /data xfs defaults 0 0

[root@yeshuo ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 9.0G 5.4G 3.7G 59% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 908M 0 908M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 920M 8.6M 911M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data xfs 50G 33M 50G 1% /data

二、禁用numa和透明大页
[root@yeshuo ~]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

[root@yeshuo ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-50b224cd35fe8b41b3ecb27d9d4b50d5
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-50b224cd35fe8b41b3ecb27d9d4b50d5.img
done

重启操作系统生效

[root@yeshuo ~]# dmesg | grep -i numa ###检查numa是否禁用
[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never
[ 0.000000] NUMA turned off
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never
[root@yeshuo ~]# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo###检查是否禁用透明大页
AnonHugePages: 0 kB

三、关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@yeshuo ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@yeshuo ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@yeshuo ~]# setenforce 0

四、修改login文件
[root@yeshuo ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so###在文件最后追加这一行

五、创建用户与用户组
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
[root@yeshuo ~]# groupadd -g 54327 racdba
[root@yeshuo ~]# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle
[root@yeshuo ~]# echo '123456'|passwd --stdin oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

六、创建目录与授权
[root@yeshuo ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
[root@yeshuo ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/
[root@yeshuo ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle/
[root@yeshuo ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/

七、修改用户限制
[root@yeshuo ~]# cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
EOF

八、修改network文件
[root@yeshuo ~]# cat >>/etc/sysconfig/network <<EOF
NOZEROCONF=yes
EOF

九、修改内核参数
[root@yeshuo ~]# cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmax = 549755813760
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
EOF
[root@yeshuo ~]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmax = 549755813760
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

十、修改ORACLE用户的环境变量
[root@yeshuo ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ vi .bash_profile
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ cat .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=yeshuo
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ source .bash_profile

十一、挂载yum源
[root@yeshuo ~]# mount -o loop rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

十二、上传Oracle安装包和需要的rpm包
[root@yeshuo ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
[root@yeshuo ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@yeshuo ~]# ll /home/oracle/
total 2988188
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 194824 Mar 14 10:37 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3059705302 Mar 14 10:37 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

十三、Linux系统安装图形界面
安装图形界面
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Server with GUI"
[root@yeshuo ~]# systemctl start graphical.target
[root@yeshuo ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target

补充需要的rpm包
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum install -y unzip
[root@yeshuo ~]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum install -y ksh
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum install -y compat-libcap1
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum install -y libstdc++-devel
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum install -y gcc-c++-4.8.5
[root@yeshuo ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel

十四、解压Oracle安装包到Oracle安装目录
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/
[oracle@yeshuo db_1]$ export DISPLAY=10.0.0.1:1.0
[oracle@yeshuo db_1]$ ./runInstaller

十六、图形化安装oracle软件

[root@yeshuo ~]# /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@yeshuo ~]# /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA - Standalone Mode) is available at :
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/tfactl

Note :

tfactl will use TFA Service if that service is running and user has been granted access
tfactl will configure TFA Standalone Mode only if user has no access to TFA Service or TFA is not installed

十七、图形化安装Oracle数据库
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ export DISPLAY=10.0.0.1:1.0
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ dbca

登录验证是否正常
[oracle@yeshuo ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba