GUI编程
GUI
核心技术：Swing AWT
缺点：界面不美观、需要jre环境
1.AWT
- Frame 是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
1.1创建窗口
Frame frame=new Frame("我的第一个界面");
//设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(123, 238, 139));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
结果：不能关闭！！
1.2创建多个窗口
public class TestFrame02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口
Color color=new Color(151, 229, 243, 255);
MyFrame f1=new MyFrame(100,100,400,200,color);
MyFrame f2=new MyFrame(500,100,400,200,color);
MyFrame f3=new MyFrame(100,300,400,200,color);
MyFrame f4=new MyFrame(500,300,400,200,color);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;//计数
public MyFrame(int x,int y ,int w ,int h,Color color) {
super("MyFrame"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);//同时设置位置和大小
setVisible(true);
}
}
1.3面板
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//Panel可以看成是一个空间，但 不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame=new Frame();
Panel panel=new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
//panel设置坐标，相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(Color.green);
//将面板放置在frame中
frame.add(panel);
//设置可见
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
1.4监听事件
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮触发事件
Frame frame=new Frame();
Button button=new Button();
MyActionListener myActionListener=new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);//！！！！！！！！！！！
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();//自适应
frame.setVisible(true);
windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){//封装的关闭方法
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("完成事件");
}
}
多个按钮可以公用一个监听事件
setActionCommand()不设置的话，默认是其label
MyActionListener myActionListener=new MyActionListener(); button.setActionCommand("开始"); button2.setActionCommand("结束"); button.addActionListener(myActionListener); button2.addActionListener(myActionListener); class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("完成事件:"+e.getActionCommand()); } }
监听文本框
public class TestText01 { public static void main(String[] args) { //启动 TestActionEvent.windowClose(new MyFrame()); } } class MyFrame extends Frame { public MyFrame(){ TextField textField=new TextField(); add(textField); //监听这个文本框输入的文字 MyActionListener02 myActionListener02=new MyActionListener02(); textField.addActionListener(myActionListener02); setVisible(true); pack(); //设置替换符号,输入时显示替换的符号(像密码) textField.setEchoChar('*'); } } class MyActionListener02 implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //获得一些资源，返回的一个对象，这里监听的是文本框，就强转成TextField TextField field=(TextField) e.getSource(); //获得输入框中的文本 System.out.println(field.getText()); field.setText("");//获取后清空文本框 } }
1.5布局管理器
- 流式布局
Frame frame=new Frame();
frame.setSize(400,400);
//组件--按钮
Button button1=new Button("button1");
Button button2=new Button("button1");
Button button3=new Button("button1");
//设置为流式布局
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
//添加按钮
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
- 东西南北中
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame=new Frame();
Button east=new Button("East");
Button west=new Button("West");
Button south=new Button("South");
Button north=new Button("North");
Button center=new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(500,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
- 网格布局
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame=new Frame();
Button button1=new Button("1");
Button button2=new Button("2");
Button button3=new Button("3");
Button button4=new Button("4");
Button button5=new Button("5");
Button button6=new Button("6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.add(button4);
frame.add(button5);
frame.add(button6);
frame.pack();//自动选择最优排列？
frame.setVisible(true);
}
1.6计算器
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestActionEvent.windowClose(new Calculator());
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator() {
//3个文本框
TextField textField1=new TextField(10);//传入字符数
TextField textField2=new TextField(10);
TextField textField3=new TextField(20);
//1个按钮
Button button=new Button("=");
//1个标签
Label label=new Label("+");
//流式布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(textField1);
add(label);
add(textField2);
add(button);
add(textField3);
setVisible(true);
pack();
//添加监听
MyCalcListener myCalcListener=new MyCalcListener(textField1,textField2,textField3);
button.addActionListener(myCalcListener);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalcListener implements ActionListener{
private TextField t1,t2,t3;
public MyCalcListener() {
}
//在构造方法里传入操作对象
public MyCalcListener(TextField t1,TextField t2,TextField t3) {
this.t1=t1;
this.t2=t2;
this.t3=t3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//获取操作数
int num1=Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
int num2=Integer.parseInt(t2.getText());
//显示结果
t3.setText(""+(num1+num2));
//清空输入窗口
t1.setText("");
t2.setText("");
}
}
面向对象代码改进：
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calculator=new Calculator();
TestActionEvent.windowClose(calculator);
calculator.loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField textField1,textField2,textField3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
textField1=new TextField(10);//传入字符数
textField2=new TextField(10);
textField3=new TextField(20);
Button button=new Button("=");
Label label=new Label("+");
//流式布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(textField1);
add(label);
add(textField2);
add(button);
add(textField3);
setVisible(true);
pack();
//添加监听
MyCalcListener myCalcListener=new MyCalcListener();
button.addActionListener(myCalcListener);
}
//监听器类 ====>匿名内部类，直接访问外面的TextField
class MyCalcListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//获取操作数
int num1=Integer.parseInt(textField1.getText());
int num2=Integer.parseInt(textField2.getText());
//显示结果
textField3.setText(""+(num1+num2));
//清空输入窗口
textField1.setText("");
textField2.setText("");
}
}
}
1.7画笔
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Mypaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class Mypaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,400);
setVisible(true);
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//画圆
g.fillOval(200,100,100,100);//实心圆
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawRect(250,250,60,40);//长方形
//画笔用完回到默认的黑色
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
}
}
1.8鼠标监听画点
//鼠标监听
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {//入口
TestActionEvent.windowClose(new MyFrame02("画图"));
}
}
class MyFrame02 extends Frame{
ArrayList points;//点坐标集合
public MyFrame02(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points=new ArrayList<>();
//鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {//画图方法
Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
Point point= (Point) iterator.next();//将点位取出
//Point是自带的引用数据类型，用来存储点
g.setColor(Color.CYAN);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//监听事件，用适配器模式，继承"MouseAdapter"不用重写所有方法
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame02 frame02= (MyFrame02) e.getSource();//???
//点击事件发生,将点存入集合
frame02.points.add(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击都重画
frame02.repaint();
}
}
}
1.9窗口监听
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame() {
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setBounds(200,200,400,200);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
@Override//关闭窗口
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("关闭");
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
/*class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false);
System.exit(0);
}
}*/
}
1.10键盘监听
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,400,200);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
super.keyTyped(e);
}
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得当前按下的键盘的编码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println(keyCode);
if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("按下了上键");
}
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
super.keyReleased(e);
}
});
}
}
2.Swing
2.1窗口、面板
public class JFrameDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJFrame().init();
}
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
//初始化
public void init(){
JFrame jFrame=new JFrame("这是JFrame窗口");
jFrame.setVisible(true);
jFrame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
JLabel jLabel=new JLabel("123");
jFrame.add(jLabel);
//关闭事件
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
2.2弹窗
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西，容器
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton jButton=new JButton("点击弹出对话框");
jButton.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//监听事件
jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹出窗口
new MyDialog();
}
});
//按钮放入容器中
container.add(jButton);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹出的窗口
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
public MyDialog() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,200,100);
//this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//弹窗默认可以关闭，不需要设置
Container container=this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("nb~~~~");
jLabel.setBounds(20,20,80,40);
container.add(jLabel);
}
}
2.3图标
- 画图
//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int heigth;
public IconDemo(int width, int heigth) throws HeadlessException {
this.width = width;
this.heigth = heigth;
this.setBounds(200,200,400,300);
}
public IconDemo() {
this.setBounds(200,200,400,300);
}
//初始化
public void init(){
//创建图标
IconDemo iconDemo=new IconDemo(width,heigth);
//图标可以放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
//创建标签，放置图标，并指明位置SwingConstants.CENTER
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icon", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container =getContentPane();
container.add(jLabel);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,heigth);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.heigth;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo(20,20).init();
}
}
- 图片
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo() {
//获取图片地址,创建图标
//ImageIconDemo.class.getResource(“***”); 获取ImageIconDemo类同级名叫***的图片地址
URL url=ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("img.png");
ImageIcon imageIcon=new ImageIcon(url);
//两种方法将图标放入标签，并定位
//JLabel jLabel=new JLabel("imageIcon",imageIcon,SwingConstants.CENTER);
JLabel jLabel=new JLabel("imageIcon");
jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container =getContentPane();
container.add(jLabel);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,200,200,100);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
2.4面板
- JPanel
public class TestJPanel extends JFrame {
public TestJPanel(){
Container container=this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面10是间距
JPanel jPanel1=new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel jPanel2=new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
JPanel jPanel3=new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2));
JPanel jPanel4=new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
container.add(jPanel1);
container.add(jPanel2);
container.add(jPanel3);
container.add(jPanel4);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(100,100,400,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestJPanel();
}
}
- JScrollPanel
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame{
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,40);
textArea.setText("123阿斯顿匿名");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane=new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,400,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
2.5按钮
- 悬浮解释文本
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01(){
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//图片====》图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("img.png");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//图标放按钮上
JButton jButton=new JButton();
jButton.setIcon(imageIcon);
jButton.setToolTipText("悬浮解释文本");
container.add(jButton);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
- 单选框
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo02(){
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton1=new JRadioButton("1");
JRadioButton radioButton2=new JRadioButton("2");
JRadioButton radioButton3=new JRadioButton("3");
//由于单选框只能选一个：将其分组，同组中只能选一个
ButtonGroup group=new ButtonGroup();
group.add(radioButton1);
group.add(radioButton2);
group.add(radioButton3);
container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.NORTH);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
- 多选框
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo03(){
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox1=new JCheckBox("1");
JCheckBox checkBox2=new JCheckBox("2");
JCheckBox checkBox3=new JCheckBox("3");
container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(checkBox3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo03();
}
}
2.6列表
- 下拉框
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo01() {
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//下拉框
JComboBox status=new JComboBox();
//添加选项
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("123");
status.addItem("asd");
status.addItem("xyz");
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(200,160);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
- 列表框
public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame{
public TestComboboxDemo02() {
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//存储内容的集合
Vector vector=new Vector();
//将集合放入将要显示的列表中
JList jList=new JList(vector);
//这里动态添加
vector.add("张三");
vector.add("李四");
vector.add("王五");
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(200,160);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo02();
}
}
2.7文本框
- 文本框
JTextField textField1=new JTextField("hello");
JTextField textField2=new JTextField("wrold",20);//20是规定字长
container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
- 密码框
JPasswordField passwordField=new JPasswordField();
passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(passwordField);
- 文本域
//文本域
JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,40);
textArea.setText("123阿斯顿匿名");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane=new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
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