期末作品检查

 个人学期总结：

学习python，首先要配置好环境，安装好软件，

 

 

 一开始老师教turtle利用条件、循环、函数定义画各种图形如，五角星、同心圆、太阳花、中国国旗等；然后学习了字符串的基本操作，输出代码计算后的结果，还有凯撒密码、GDP格式化输出、九九乘法表；利用python进行英文词汇统计，组合数据类型练习等， 个人有一部分心得，

1.Python对于代码格式要求相当严格，通过对于缩进的距离来判断代码是否处于同一个代码块。该开始学习的时候经常由于缩进出错造成代码错误。

2.1.python中双引号和单引号作用一样,print 'hello World'和print "hello World"是一样的。

3.python,使用变量,不需要定义类型,只要赋初值就行,和javascript中定义变量有点类似,只是更简单了,连var都不需要

4.python中的控制语句,if,while,for.值得注意的是条件都没有括号,条件后必须加:,while也可以有else语句

5.python 定义函数的方法

              def fun_name(parameter1,parameter2...):

6.python中的数据结构有列表,元组,字典.其定义如下

               mylist = ['apple','banana','orange']列表

               zoo = ('aaa','bbb','ccc')元组

               dic = {'zhang':'san',

                         'li':'si','wang':'wu'}

 

 总结Python+Flask+MysqL的web建设技术过程：

导入包：

from flask import Flask
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, url_for, session
from functools import wraps
from datetime import datetime

from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash, generate_password_hash

 

建表

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__='user'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    _password = db.Column(db.String(500), nullable=False)#内部使用
    nickname = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)

  class Ques(db.Model):
    __tablename__='question'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('question'))
    title = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)

class Comment(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'comment'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('question.id'))
    question = db.relationship('Ques', backref=db.backref('comment'))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('comment'))
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)

 

 建表如下：

 

 建立一个父模版：

包含导航条

  <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title> 灵魂有香气的女子&nbsp;{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
{% block head %} {% endblock %}
</head>
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{url_for('static',filename='css/style.css') }}">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url_for('index') }}">首页</a>

            </div>
            <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" action="{{ url_for('search') }}" method="get" role="search">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" name="search" placeholder="灵魂有香气的女子">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
            </form>
            <div class="navbar-footer">
                <ul class="nav nav-tabs" >
                    {% if username %}
                        <li><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id=userid,tag='1') }}">{{ username }}</a></li>
                        <li><a href="{{ url_for('loginout') }}">注销</a></li>
                    {% else %}
                        <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">登录</a></li>
                        <li><a href="{{ url_for('register') }}">注册</a></li>
                    {% endif %}
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('fabu') }}">发布</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

子模版继承：

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}登录{% endblock %}
{% block head %}{% endblock %}
{% block body %}{% endblock %}

注册页面：

<div class="col-md-6 column">
            <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="{{ url_for('register')}}"method="post">
                <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">帐号：</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-10">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">昵称：</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-10">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="nickname" name="nickname" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码：</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-10">
                        <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">确认密码：</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-10">
                        <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                         <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">注册</button>
                    </div>
                </div>

function fozhuce() {
            var oUname = document.getElementById("uname");
            var oError = document.getElementById("error_box");
            var oUpass = document.getElementById("upass");
            var oUpass1 = document.getElementById("upass1");
            var isError = true;
            oError.innerHTML = "<br>";

            if (oUname.value.length < 6 || oUname.value.length > 20) {
                oError.innerHTML = "用户名要6-20位";
                isError = false;
                return isError;
            }else if(oUname.value.charCodeAt(0)>=48 &&(oUname.value.charCodeAt(0)<=57)){
                oError.innerHTML="首位不能为数字";
                isError = false;
                return isError;
            }else for (var i=0;i<oUname.value.length;i++){
               if((oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)<48)||(oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)>57)&&(oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)<58)&&(oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)>97)){
                oError.innerHTML="只能为数字和字母";
                isError = false;
                return isError;
               }
            }if (oUpass.value.length < 6 || oUpass.value.length > 20) {
                oError.innerHTML = "密码要6-20位";
                isError = false;
                return isError;
            }else if(oUpass.value!=oUpass1.value) {
                oError.innerHTML = "设置密码和验证密码不一致";
                isError = false;
                return isError;
            }
            return ture;
            }

登录页面：

                            <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">帐号:</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" style="width: 300px" class="form-control" id="username"
                                       name="username"/>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">

                            <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码:</label>
                             <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" style="width: 300px" class="form-control" id="password"
                                       name="pass"/>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group" align="center">
                            <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" onclick=" return login()">登录</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div align="center">
                            <div id="error_box"></div>
                            <br>

1.读取表单数据

2.查询数据库

　（1）用户名密码对：

　       跳转到首页

　　（2）用户名密码不对：

　　　提示相应错误。

 

@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    else:
        username = request.form.get('username')
        password = request.form.get('pass')
        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        # 判断用户名是否存在
        if user:
            if user.check_password(password):
                session['user'] = username
                session['userid']=user.id
                session.permanent = True
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            else:
                return u'密码错误'
        else:
            return u'账号不存在'

登录后更新导航：

 用上下文处理器app_context_processor定义函数

1. 获取session中保存的值
2. 返回字典

   @app.context_processor
   def context():
       username=session.get('user')
       userid=session.get('userid')
       if username:
           return {'username': username,'userid':userid}
       else:
           return {}

   注销功能

3.    1.清除session

       2.跳转

   @app.route('/loginout')
   def loginout():
       session.clear()
       return redirect(url_for('index'))

   问答平台及详情页：

   {% extends 'base.html' %}
   {% block title %}发布详情{% endblock %}
   {% block head %}{% endblock %}
   {% block body %}
       <div class="container">
           <div class="row clearfix">
               <div class="col-md-3 column">
               </div>
               <div class="col-md-6 column">
                   <h3 align="center">{{ quest.title }}</h3>
                   <div align="center" style="font-weight: 900 ">
                       {#                    <span style="color: red">作者：{{ quest.author.username }}&nbsp;时间:{{ quest.creat_time }}</span>#}
                       <span class="badge">作者：{{ quest.author.nickname }}&nbsp;&nbsp;发布时间:{{ quest.create_time }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="panel panel-default">
                       <div class="panel-body" style="font-size:large">
                           &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;{{ quest.detail }}
                       </div>
                   </div>
                   <hr>
                   <h4>评论区</h4>
                   {% for foo in comments %}
                       <div class="list-group">
                           <a href="" class="list-group-item">{{ foo.author.nickname }}&nbsp;<span
                                   class="badge">发布时间:{{ foo.create_time }}</span></a>
                           <div class="list-group-item">
                               <p class="list-group-item-text">
                                   &nbsp;&nbsp;{{ foo.detail }}
                               </p>
                           </div>
   
                       </div>
                   {% endfor %}
                   <h3>
                       发布评论({{ comments|length }})
                   </h3>
                   <form action="{{ url_for('comment') }}" method="post">
                       <div class="form-group">
                           <textarea type="text" class="form-control"
                                     id="detail" name="detail"
                                     cols="50" rows="5"/></textarea>
                       </div>
   
   
                       <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">发布</button>
                   </form>
               </div>
           </div>
           <div class="col-md-3 column">
           </div>
       </div>
       </div>
   
   
   {% endblock %}

   {% extends 'user.html' %}
   {% block user %}
    <hr>
                   <h3 align="center">
                       <small>全部问答</small>
                   </h3>
                   <ul class="list-unstyled">
                       {% for foo in questions %}
                           <li class="list-group-item">
                               <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span><a>{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
                               <p><a href="{{ url_for('detail',question_id=foo.id)}}">标题：{{ foo.title }}</a></p>
                               <span class="badge pull-right">{{ foo.create_time }}</span>
                               <p>问答内容：{{ foo.detail }}</p>
                               <br>
                           </li>
                       {% endfor %}
                   </ul>
   
   {% endblock %}

4. 个人中心：个人中心父模板 + 全部评论 + 全部问答 + 个人信息

   {% extends 'user.html' %}
   {% block user %}
   
                   <hr>
                   <h3 align="center">
                       <small>个人信息</small>
                   </h3>
                   <ul class="list-group">
                       <li class="list-group-item" style="background-color: antiquewhite"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>用户:{{ username }}</li>
                       <li class="list-group-item" style="background-color: wheat">昵称:{{ nickname }}</li>
                       <li class="list-group-item" style="background-color: aquamarine">文章篇数:{{ questions|length }}</li>
                   </ul>
   
   {% endblock %}

   {% extends 'base.html' %}
   {% block title %}个人中心{% endblock %}
   {% block head %}{% endblock %}
   {% block body %}
   <div class="container">
       <div class="row clearfix">
           <div class="col-md-1 column">
           </div>
           <div class="col-md-10 column">
               <div class="tabbable" id="tabs-795847">
                   <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
                       <li  role="presentation">
                            <a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='2') }}">全部问答</a>
                       </li>
                       <li  role="presentation">
                            <a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='3') }}">全部评论</a>
                       </li>
                       <li role="presentation">
                            <a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='1')}}" >个人中心</a>
                       </li>
                   </ul>
               {% block user %}{% endblock %}
               </div>
           </div>
           <div class="col-md-1 column">
           </div>
       </div>
   </div>
   
   
   {% endblock %}

    

5. 密码保护：更新User对象，设置对内的_password，  编写对外的password

   class User(db.Model):
       __tablename__ = 'User'
       id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
       username = db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)
       _password = db.Column(db.String(200),nullable=False)   #内部使用
   @property
       def password(selfs): #外部使用，取值
           return self._password
   
       @password.setter
       def password(self,row_password): #外部使用，赋值
           self._password=generate_password_hash(row_password)

    

6. 登陆验证

   @app.route('/denglu/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
   def denglu():
       if request.method == 'GET':
           return render_template('dl.html')
       else:
           username = request.form.get('username')
           password = request.form.get('password')
           user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
           # 判断用户名是否存在
           if user:
               if user.check_password(password):
                   session['user'] = username
                   session['id'] = user.id
                   session.permanent = True
                   return redirect(url_for('shouye'))
               else:
                   return '密码错误'
           else:
               return '此用户不存在'

   密码验证

    def check_password(self,row_password):
           result=check_password_hash(self._password,row_password)
           return result

    

7. 发布评论

   @app.route('/comment/', methods=['POST'])
   @log
   def comment():
       comment=request.form.get('new_comment')
       ques_id=request.form.get('question_id')
       auth_id=User.query.filter(User.username==session.get('user')).first().id
       comm=Comment(author_id=auth_id,question_id=ques_id,detail=comment)
       db.session.add(comm)
       db.session.commit()
       return redirect(url_for('detail',question_id=ques_id))

    

8. 个人中心

   @app.route('/usercenter/<user_id>/<tag>',methods=['GET','POST'])
   @loginFirst
   def usercenter(user_id,tag):
       user = User.query.filter(User.id == user_id).first()
       context = {
           'username_id': user.id,
           'username': user.username,
           'questions': user.question,
           'comments': user.comment,
           'nickname':user.nickname
       }
       if tag == '1':
           return render_template('usercenter.html', **context)
       elif tag == '2':
           return render_template('all_question.html', **context)
       else:
           return render_template('all_comment.html', **context)

    

9. 搜索
   1. 获取搜索关键字
      q = request.args.get('q’)
   2. 条件查询
      qu = Question.query.filter(Question.title.contains(q)).order_by('-creat_time’)
   3. 加载查询结果：
      return render_template('index.html', question=qu）

10. @app.route('/search/')
    def search():
        qu = request.args.get('q')
        ques = Question.query.filter(
            or_(
                Question.title.contains(qu),
                Question.detail.contains(qu)
            )
        ).order_by('')
    
        return render_template('hh.html',questions=ques)

     

11. Flask应用程序及数据库连接 

    from flask import Flask
    app = Flask(__name__)  #构造函数的name参数，__name__变量是需要传递的值

    数据库配置链接

    import os
    DEBUG = True
    SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24)
    
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='mysql+pymysql://root:@localhost:3306/wlin?charset=utf8' 
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATTONS = False

     

12. 运行中可能遇到的错误

    程序没有指定Python运行

    

      解决方式：进入设置——项目——project interpreter 选择运行环境