Python笔记--变量

根据《Python编程入门经典》(James Payne著,张春晖译)整理。

 

元组--tuple

不可更改的数据序列(可以包含多种数据类型)。元组写在小括号里,元素之间用逗号隔开。定义只有一个元素的元组时,必须加逗号(为了避免与其他类型混淆)。

>>> filter = ("string", "filled", "by a", "tuple")
>>> print(filter)
('string', 'filled', 'by a', 'tuple')
>>> type((50,))
<class 'tuple'>
>>> type((50))
<class 'int'>

访问元素:使用下标

>>> filter[1]
'filled'

获取长度:len()

>>> len(filter)
4

引用:一个元组可以引用另一个元组

>>> b = ("aaa", 123)
>>> a = (b, "lll")  # a[0]是一个元组
>>> a
(('aaa', 123), 'lll')

在引用其他元组的情况下的访问:

>>> a[0]
('aaa', 123)
>>> a[0][0]
'aaa'
>>> a[0][1]
123

删除:del

>>> a
('a', 'ab', 123)
>>> del a
>>> a  # a被删除了,无法访问
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'a' is not defined

切片:tuple[start:stop:step],start省略不写就是0,stop省略不写就是最后一个元素的下标,step省略不写就是1

>>> a = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
>>> a[::]
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
>>> a[::2]
(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
>>> a[4::2]
(5, 7, 9)

最大值:max() 

>>> a = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
>>> max(a)
10

最小值:min()

>>> a = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
>>> min(a)
1

 

列表--list

可以更改的数据序列。列表用方括号创建。元组和列表的主要区别在于,元组创建后不可以修改,列表创建后可以修改。

>>> breakfast = ["coffee", "tea", "toast", "egg"]

访问元素:下标

>>> breakfast[0]
'coffee'
>>> breakfast[1]
'tea'
>>> breakfast[2]
'toast'
>>> breakfast[3]
'egg'

修改元素:下标

>>> breakfast[0] = "milk"
>>> breakfast
['milk', 'tea', 'toast', 'egg']

末端添加一个元素:append

>>> breakfast.append("waffles")
>>> breakfast
['milk', 'tea', 'toast', 'egg', 'waffles']

末端添加多个元素:extend

>>> breakfast.extend(["juice", "decaf", "oatmeal"])
>>> breakfast
['milk', 'tea', 'toast', 'egg', 'waffles', 'juice', 'decaf', 'oatmeal']

长度:len

>>> len(breakfast)
8

插入:insert

>>> breakfast.insert(1, "beef")
>>> breakfast

删除:remove

>>> breakfast.remove("beef")
>>> breakfast
['milk', 'tea', 'toast', 'egg', 'waffles', 'juice', 'decaf', 'oatmeal']

删除:下标

>>> del breakfast[0]
>>> breakfast
['tea', 'toast', 'egg', 'waffles', 'juice', 'decaf', 'oatmeal']

排序:sort

>>> breakfast.sort()
>>> breakfast
['decaf', 'egg', 'juice', 'oatmeal', 'tea', 'toast', 'waffles']

反转:reverse

>>> breakfast
['decaf', 'egg', 'juice', 'oatmeal', 'tea', 'toast', 'waffles']
>>> breakfast.reverse()
>>> breakfast
['waffles', 'toast', 'tea', 'oatmeal', 'juice', 'egg', 'decaf']

 

 

字典--dict

以名称索引的分组数据。字典由花括号创建。字典中的一个元素由键和键值组成(key:value)。字典不允许有完全相同的两个索引名(键),但是可以由相同的键值。

>>> menus_specials = {} # 空字典
>>> menus_specials["breakfast"] = "Canadian ham"  # breakfast是索引名, Canadian ham是其对应的值
>>> menus_specials["lunch"] = "tuna surprise"
>>> menus_specials["dinner"] = "Cheeseburger Deluxe"
>>> menus_specials
{'breakfast': 'Canadian ham', 'lunch': 'tuna surprise', 'dinner': 'Cheeseburger Deluxe'}

输出:使用索引名输出值

>>> menus_specials["breakfast"]
'Canadian ham'

获取索引和键值:keys, values

>>> menus_specials.keys()
dict_keys(['breakfast', 'lunch', 'dinner'])
>>> menus_specials.values()
dict_values(['Canadian ham', 'tuna surprise', 'Cheeseburger Deluxe'])

获取所有的项:items

>>> menus_specials.items()
dict_items([('breakfast', 'Canadian ham'), ('lunch', 'tuna surprise'), ('dinner', 'Cheeseburger Deluxe')])

删除:通过key删除,del

>>> del menus_specials["breakfast"]
>>> menus_specials
{'lunch': 'tuna surprise', 'dinner': 'Cheeseburger Deluxe'}

合并:update

>>> sports = {}
>>> sports["walking"] = 2
>>> menus_specials.update(sports)
>>> menus_specials
{'lunch': 'tuna surprise', 'dinner': 'Cheeseburger Deluxe', 'walking': 2}

清除元素:clear

>>> menus_specials.clear()
>>> menus_specials
{}

 

posted @ 2021-08-23 20:41  奋斗的小仔  阅读(36)  评论(0)    收藏  举报