Python常用脚本
1、图片转base64
# !/usr/local/python3.8/bin/python3 # -*- coding:UTF-8 -*- import os import base64 # 图片文件夹是/root/images log_d = '/root/images' logFiles = os.listdir(log_d) # 只转图片格式 suffix = ("png", "jpg", "jpeg") # 在/root/images内遍历文件 for filename in logFiles: print(filename) bool_file = filename.endswith(suffix) if bool_file: with open(filename, 'rb') as f: # image_base64 = base64.b64encode(f.read()) #bytes类型 image = f.read() image_base64 = str(base64.b64encode(image), encoding='utf-8') # 字符串类型 print(image_base64) else: print('文件格式不匹配：{}'.format(filename))
2、解压zip文件
#!/usr/local/python3.8/bin/python3 # -*- coding:UTF-8 -*- # pip install shutil # https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/shutil.html import zipfile, os from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename ''' 基本格式：zipfile.ZipFile(filename[,mode[,compression[,allowZip64]]]) mode：可选 r,w,a 代表不同的打开文件的方式；r 只读；w 重写；a 添加 compression：指出这个 zipfile 用什么压缩方法，默认是 ZIP_STORED，另一种选择是 ZIP_DEFLATED； allowZip64：bool型变量，当设置为True时可以创建大于 2G 的 zip 文件，默认值 True； ''' def unzip(path, folder_abs): zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(path) zip_list = zip_file.namelist() # 得到压缩包里所有文件 for f in zip_list: zip_file.extract(f, folder_abs) # 循环解压文件到指定目录 zip_file.close() # 关闭文件，必须有，释放内存 os.remove(path) def savefile(f, savepath): basepath = os.path.dirname(__file__) upload_path = os.path.join(basepath, savepath, secure_filename(f.filename)) f.save(upload_path) unzip(upload_path, savepath)
3、打包文件zipfile，tarfile
# !/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # pip install zipfile38，tarfile不需要安装直接导入 import tarfile, zipfile def zipDir(dirpath, outFullName): # dirpath：是要打包的目录, outFullName：是压缩包名字 zip = zipfile.ZipFile(outFullName, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) for path, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dirpath): fpath = path.replace(dirpath, '') for filename in filenames: zip.write(os.path.join(path, filename), os.path.join(fpath, filename)) zip.close() def compress_file(dirpath, tarfilename): # tarfilename是压缩包名字，dirname是要打包的目录 if os.path.isfile(dirpath): with tarfile.open(tarfilename, 'w') as tar: tar.add(dirpath) else: with tarfile.open(tarfilename, 'w') as tar: #记录当前工作目录 cur_path = os.getcwd() #切换工作目录 os.chdir(dirpath) for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'): for single_file in files: # if single_file != tarfilename: filepath = os.path.join(root, single_file) tar.add(filepath) #切换回原来工作目录 os.chdir(cur_path) if __name__ == '__main__': zipDir('D:\\game\\build', 'abc.zip') compress_file('test.txt', 'test.tar.gz') compress_file('/tmp/test', 'test.tar.gz')
4、python逐行读取文件
#!/usr/bin/python3.8 # -*- coding:UTF-8 -*- # 使用fileinput模块 import fileinput for line in fileinput.input("test.txt"): print(line, end='') # 对一个文件对象使用for循环读每行数据 with open('test.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as f: for line in f: print(line, end='') # 使用readline()函数 with open('test.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as f: line = f.readline() while line: print(line, end='') # 在 Python 3中使用 line = f.readline() # 一次读取多行数据(f.readlines(2)：一次读取两行数据) with open('test.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as f: tag=True while tag: lines = f.readlines(2) if lines: for line in lines: print(line, end='') else: tag=False
5、读取文件指定行或最后几行
#!/usr/bin/python3.8 # -*- coding:UTF-8 -*- import linecache # 放入缓存防止内存过载 def get_line_count(filename): """ :param filename: 文件名 :return: 返回文件总的行数 """ with open(filename, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f: count = 1 while True: buffer = f.read(1024 * 1) if not buffer: break count += buffer.count('\n') return count # 读取文件最后几行，方式一：使用seek()方法 def readfileline(lines, filepath, off=-50): """ file.seek(offset[, whence]) file：表示文件对象； whence：作为可选参数，用于指定文件指针要放置的位置，该参数的参数值有 3 个选择：0 代表文件头（默认值）、1 代表当前位置、2 代表文件尾。 offset：表示相对于 whence 位置文件指针的偏移量，正数表示向后偏移，负数表示向前偏移。 例如： 当whence == 0 && offset == 3（即seek(3,0)），表示文件指针移动至距离文件开头处 3 个字符的位置； 当whence == 1 && offset == 5（即seek(5,1)），表示文件指针向后移动，移动至距离当前位置5个字符处； 当whence == 2 && offset == -5（即seek(-5,2)），表示文件指针向前移动，从文件末尾向前移动5个字符。 :param lines: 要读取的行数 :param filepath: 文件路径 :param off: 读取的字符数 :return: """ linenumber = get_line_count(filepath) with open(filepath, 'rb') as f: while True: f.seek(off, 2) res = f.readlines() if len(res) > lines: for i in range(1, len(res)): print(linenumber - lines + i, res[i].decode(), end="") break off += -50 # 读取文件最后几行，方式二：使用linecache模块 def readline(lines, filepath): linecache.clearcache() line_count = get_line_count(filepath) line_count = line_count - (lines - 1) for i in range(lines): last_line = linecache.getline(filepath, line_count) print(line_count, last_line, end="") line_count += 1 def readfile(start, end, filepath): """ :param start: 开始行 :param end: 结束行 :param filepath: 文件路径 :return: """ linecache.clearcache() for i in range(start, end + 1): last_line = linecache.getline(filepath, i) print(i, last_line, end="") if __name__ == '__main__': # 读取第10行到第20行 readfile(10, 20, 'readtest.log') # 读取最后10行 readline(10, 'readtest.log') # 读取最后20行 readfileline(20, 'readtest.log')
6、常用HTTP认证方式(示例代码为H3C SecPath F1000-AI-25防火墙API)
import requests USER = 'admin' PASSWD = 'xxxxxxx' ##########关闭requests https posts请求告警########## requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings() ########## HTTP Basic Auth ############### from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth url_auth = 'https://x.x.x.x/api/v1/tokens' http_Basic_token = requests.post(url_auth, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(USER, PASSWD), verify=False) Basic_token_id = http_Basic_token.json().get('token-id') headers = {"X-Auth-Token": Basic_token_id, "Content-type": "application/json", "Accept": "application/json"} url_acl = 'https://x.x.x.x/api/v1/SecurityPolicies/GetRules' Basic_acl = requests.get(url_acl, headers=headers, verify=False) print(Basic_acl.json()) ########## HTTP摘要式身份认证 ############### from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth url_auth = 'https://x.x.x.x/api/v1/tokens' http_Digest_token = requests.post(url_auth, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(USER, PASSWD), verify=False) http_Digest_token_token_id = http_Basic_token.json().get('token-id') headers = {"X-Auth-Token": http_Digest_token_token_id, "Content-type": "application/json", "Accept": "application/json"} url_acl = 'https://x.x.x.x/api/v1/SecurityPolicies/GetRules' Digest_acl = requests.get(url_acl, headers=headers, verify=False) print(Digest_acl.json()) ########## 自定义 HTTP身份认证 ########## # 当一个身份认证程序附加到一个请求时，在设置 request 期间就会调用该模块 # 因此，__call__()方法必须执行使身份认证有效所需的操作。 # 某些形式的身份认证还将添加钩子以提供进一步的功能。 class MyAuth(requests.auth.AuthBase): def __call__(self, r): # Implement my authentication return r url_auth = 'https://x.x.x.x/api/v1/tokens' requests.get(url_auth, auth=MyAuth(), verify=False)
# requests post请求发送中文报错 # UnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 124-132: Body ('测试发送中文') is not valid Latin-1. Use body.encode('utf-8') if you want to send it encoded in UTF-8 # 方法一： data = '测试发送中文' requests.post(url, data.encode('utf-8')) # 方法二(不推荐)： data1 = '测试发送中文' # str data = data1.encode("utf-8").decode("latin1") requests.post(url, data)
7、mac地址格式转换
# ！/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = def macConvert(mac, mode=1, lower=True): ''' MAC 地址格式转换 mac: 各种格式的mac地址 mode: 1, 2, 3 三种格式 mode=1 '10:F0:05:33:F4:BD' mode=2 '10-F0-05-33-F4-BD' mode=3 '10f0.0533.f4db' lower: 默认输出格式为小写 ''' tmp = [] t = mac.replace('.', '').replace('-', '').replace(':', '') if lower is True: t = t.lower() else: t = t.upper() if mode == 1 or mode == 2: for i in range(0, len(t), 2): tmp.append(t[i:i + 2]) else: for i in range(0, len(t), 4): tmp.append(t[i:i + 4]) if mode == 1: return ':'.join(tmp) if mode == 2: return '-'.join(tmp) if mode == 3: return '.'.join(tmp) mac1 = '10:F0:05:33:F4:BD' mac2 = '10-F0-05-33-F4-BD' mac3 = '10f0.0533.f4db' mac4 = '10f00533f4db' print(macConvert.__doc__) print(macConvert(mac1)) print(macConvert(mac2, 3)) print(macConvert(mac3, 2, False)) print(macConvert(mac4, 1, False)) print(macConvert(mac3, 1))
https://www.cnblogs.com/ningningqi/p/18085030 # python APScheduler任务调度库，相当于Linux定时任务
