Ubuntu优化

查看ubuntu版本：lsb_release -a、cat /etc/os-release
安装ifconfig命令：apt-get install net-tools
安装ping命令：apt-get install iputils-ping
安装ip命令：apt-get install iproute2
安装Tab键实例插件：apt-get install bash-completion
取消最小化：/usr/local/sbin/unminimize

一、卸载不必要的软件
卸载LibreOffice
sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common
卸载Amazon的链接
apt-get purge unity-webapps-common
卸载一些预装软件
apt-get purge thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku landscape-client-ui-install
apt-get purge onboard deja-dup
删除Amazon广告图标
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/com.canonical.launcher.amazon.desktop
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/ubuntu-amazon-default.desktop
其他软件
sudo apt-get -y purge thunderbird* #邮件
sudo apt-get -y purge firefox #火狐浏览器
sudo apt-get -y purge deja-dup #备份
sudo apt-get -y purge simple-scan #扫描
sudo apt-get -y purge hplip* #打印
sudo apt-get -y purge printer-driver* #打印驱动
sudo apt-get -y purge rhythmbox* #音乐播放
sudo apt-get -y purge gedit* #文本编辑
sudo apt-get -y purge libreoffice* #办公套件
sudo apt-get -y purge gnome-orca #屏幕阅读
sudo apt-get -y purge onboard #屏幕键盘
sudo apt-get -y purge mahjongg #对对碰
sudo apt-get -y purge aisleriot #纸牌王
sudo apt-get -y purge gnome-sudoku #数独
sudo apt-get -y purge gnomine #扫雷
sudo apt-get -y purge wodim #命令刻碟
导航栏放在底部
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher launcher-position Bottom

二、切换SHELL
1、查看当前发行版可以使用的shell
root@Ubuntu:~# cat /etc/shells

# /etc/shells: valid login shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bash
/bin/rbash
/usr/bin/rbash
/bin/dash
/usr/bin/dash

2、查看当前使用的shell，最常用的查看shell的命令，但不能实时反映当前shell
root@Ubuntu:~# echo $SHELL
3、环境变量中shell的匹配查找
root@Ubuntu:~# env | grep SHELL
SHELL=/bin/bash
4、切换dash为bash
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash

三、ubuntu 保存防火墙命令，iptables方式：
1、iptables 配置好策略
2、iptables-save > /etc/network/iptables.up.rules ，配置的策略保存到文件
3、iptables-apply，然后按 y 或者 iptables-restore < /etc/network/iptables.up.rules

四、更换apt源

编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件, 在文件最前面添加以下条目(操作前请做好相应备份)，保存退出后使用sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade更新源

# 阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 华为源地址
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe

# 网易163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

五、ubuntu20.04设置开机自启动命令
1、创建rc.local文件并添加可执行权限chmod 755 /etc/rc.local
root@Ubuntu20:~# nano /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/bash

echo "hello world" >/var/log/hello.log

2、编辑rc-local.service文件，在文件底部添加

root@Ubuntu20:~# nano /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service

[Install]
WantedBy=muti-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service

3、最后把rc-local.service添加到开机启动
systemctl enable rc-local.service     #添加到开机启动
systemctl disable rc-local.service    #关闭开机启动

六、Ubuntu修改dns地址
修改/etc/systemd/resolved.conf文件，添加dns，然后退出保存。
root@Ubuntu:~# nano /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

[Resolve]
DNS=114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
#FallbackDNS=
#Domains=
#LLMNR=no
#MulticastDNS=no
#DNSSEC=no
#DNSOverTLS=no
#Cache=no-negative
#DNSStubListener=yes
#ReadEtcHosts=yes

root@Ubuntu:~# mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak
root@Ubuntu:~# ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service      #重启服务
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service     #加入到开机启动
root@Ubuntu:~# systemd-resolve --status       #查看dns地址是否修改成功
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl is-enabled systemd-logind.service     #查看服务是否被屏蔽(masked)
Unit systemd-logind.service is masked
解决方法：
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl unmask systemd-logind.service
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl enable systemd-logind.service
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl start systemd-logind.service
root@Ubuntu:~# systemctl is-enabled systemd-logind.service       #查看服务是否被屏蔽(masked)

七、服务管理脚本

#!/bin/bash
#自定义服务管理脚本

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

ps aux | grep python | awk 'NR==1{print $2}' >/var/run/fastapi.pid
PIDFILE="/var/run/fastapi.pid"

fastapi_statu () {
    local pidfile daemon name status OPTIND

    pidfile=
    OPTIND=1
    while getopts p: opt ; do
        case "$opt" in
            p)  pidfile="$OPTARG";;
        esac
    done
    shift $(($OPTIND - 1))

    if [ -n "$pidfile" ]; then
        pidfile="-p $pidfile"
    fi
    daemon="$1"
    name="$2"

    status="0"
    pidofproc $pidfile $daemon >/dev/null || status="$?"
    if [ "$status" = 0 ]; then
        return 0
    else
        return $status
    fi
}

function start() {
        fastapi_statu -p $PIDFILE 'Fastapi' 'Fastapi'
        if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
        echo
        else
            python /root/game_be/main.py &
        fi       
}

function stop() {
        fastapi_statu -p $PIDFILE 'Fastapi' 'Fastapi'
        if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
            pkill -9 python
        else
        echo
        fi        
}

case "$1" in
start)  log_daemon_msg "Starting Fastapi" "Fastapi"
    start
    ;;
stop)   log_daemon_msg "Stopping Fastapi" "Fastapi"
    stop
        ;;
restart)log_daemon_msg "Restarting Fastapi" "Fastapi"
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
        ;;
status)
    status_of_proc -p $PIDFILE 'Fastapi' 'Fastapi' && exit 0 || exit $?
        ;;
*)  log_action_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/api {start|stop|status|restart}"
        exit 2
        ;;
esac
exit 0

八、添加永久路由
root@Ubuntu:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens32:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.150.128/24
      gateway4: 192.168.150.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [114.114.114.114, 8.8.8.8]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.0/24
          via: 192.168.150.1
        - to: 10.10.20.0/24
          via: 192.168.150.1

root@Ubuntu:~# netplan apply       # 应用配置
root@Ubuntu:~# ls /usr/share/doc/netplan/examples       # netplan配置示例

链接：
        https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+cdmirrors    #ubuntu各版本下载
        https://ubuntu.zero.com.ar/ubuntu-releases/    #ubuntu各版本下载
        http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive/    #debian各版本下载
        https://www.einval.com/~steve/software/jigdo/download/   #jigdo工具下载
        https://www.cnblogs.com/itwangqiang/p/14302252.html    #修改ubuntu网卡名为eth
        https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyakai/p/14715891.html   #Ubuntu修改时区和设置24小时时间格式，或使用tzselect命令修改时区
        http://www.c-nergy.be/products.html    #ubuntu安装远程桌面服务
        http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13390
        https://blog.ruanbekker.com/blog/2017/12/09/unmask-a-masked-service-in-systemd       #Unmask a Masked Service in Systemd