使用Server Trigger保护重要的数据库对象
一 .Server Trigger的简单介绍
在SQL Server数据库中，Server Trigger 是一种特殊类型的存储过程，它可以对特定表、视图或存储中的必然事件自动响应，不由用户调用。创建触发器时对其进行定义，以便在对特定的数据库对象作特定类型的修改时执行，根据触发器定义的动作做出反应。
其主要被用在保持数据库对象的完整性方面。例如，防止数据库中已建好的表和存储过程被更改或删除。此外还可以 进行更改历史记录的追踪，查看表或存储被修改的记录。
Server Trigger比Database Trigger所管控的范围更广，可以管控Server下的所有Database的对象。
二. 主要表 及创建脚本
表Protected_Objects ，主要用来存储被保护的数据库对象，例如 表和存储过程。 字段 ActiveFlag设置为Y时有效，N是无效。
有新的数据库对象创建，最自动Insert一笔数据。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Protected_Objects]( [ServerIP] [varchar](100) NULL, [ServerName] [varchar](100) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](100) NULL, [ObjName] [varchar](100) NULL, [Objtype] [varchar](100) NULL, [Creator] [varchar](100) NULL, [ActiveFlag] [varchar](10) NULL, [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO
表DBTrigger_Log，主要存储数据库对象变动记录。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBTrigger_Log]( [ServerIP] [varchar](20) NULL, [ServerName] [varchar](50) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](100) NULL, [ObjectName] [varchar](100) NULL, [ObjectType] [varchar](100) NULL, [EventType] [varchar](100) NULL, [HostName] [varchar](128) NULL, [AppName] [varchar](128) NULL, [EventData] [xml] NULL, [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL, [Flag] [int] NULL DEFAULT ((0)) ) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'服务器IP' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ServerIP' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'服务器名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ServerName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'数据库名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DBName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'对象名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'对象类型' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectType' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'事件类型' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EventType' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'终端机器名' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'HostName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'AppName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'触发事件xml' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EventData' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'发生时间' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TransDateTime' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'是否上传' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Flag' GO
三. 创建Server Trigger的脚本
USE [master] GO /****** Object: DdlTrigger [ServerDBTrigger_ProtectObjects] Script Date: 2018/12/27 13:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO /*########################################################################################### *Program*: <DB Trigger> *Description*: <Protect SQL key objects> *programer*: <> *Date*: 2015-12-03 ---0001 2015-12-03 11:12 第一阶段期间只保留修改记录，暂时不阻止（不RollBack） ---0002 2015-12-03 15:32 增加发邮件的功能. ---0003 2015-12-04 14:20 出现set ANSI_PADDING Off后，还有（如果是script出来的表，其中有索引约束等， --- 需要Alter表时，就会报错。）代码时，@xEvent.query会报错。 ##############################################################################################*/ CREATE TRIGGER [ServerDBTrigger_DBA_ProtectObjects] ON ALL SERVER FOR DROP_TABLE,DROP_PROCEDURE,DROP_VIEW,DROP_FUNCTION, CREATE_TABLE,CREATE_PROCEDURE,CREATE_VIEW,CREATE_FUNCTION, ALTER_PROCEDURE,ALTER_VIEW,ALTER_TABLE,ALTER_FUNCTION,RENAME AS SET NOCOUNT ON ; BEGIN TRY DECLARE @ServerIP varchar(20) DECLARE @ServerName varchar(50) DECLARE @AppName nvarchar(128) DECLARE @HostName nvarchar(128) DECLARE @DBName varchar(100) DECLARE @ObjectName varchar(100) DECLARE @ObjectType varchar(100) DECLARE @EventType varchar(100) DECLARE @ObjectAction varchar(100) DECLARE @xEvent XML SET @xEvent = EVENTDATA() ----------------------0003 start ---------- --Set @DBName=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/DatabaseName)')) --Set @ObjectName=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)')) --Set @ObjectType=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectType)')) --Set @ObjectAction=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)')) DECLARE @EventData varchar(MAX) SELECT @EventData=CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),@xEvent) SET @DBName= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<DatabaseName>',@EventData)+14, CHARINDEX('</DatabaseName>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<DatabaseName>',@EventData)-14) SET @ObjectName= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<ObjectName>',@EventData)+12, CHARINDEX('</ObjectName>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<ObjectName>',@EventData)-12) SET @ObjectType= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<ObjectType>',@EventData)+12, CHARINDEX('</ObjectType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<ObjectType>',@EventData)-12) SET @ObjectAction= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)+11, CHARINDEX('</EventType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)-11) SET @EventType=SUBSTRING(@EventData, CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)+11, CHARINDEX('</EventType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)-11) ------------0003 end --------------- SELECT @HostName=HOST_NAME(),@AppName=APP_NAME() SELECT @ServerName = @@SERVERNAME SELECT @ServerIP = MIN(LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS) FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS WHERE LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS IS NOT NULL IF EXISTS(SELECT TOP 1 ObjName FROM Protected_Objects WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE ServerName = @@SERVERNAME AND DBName=@DBName AND ObjName=@ObjectName AND ActiveFlag='Y') BEGIN IF (@ObjectName LIKE 'TMP%')OR (/*@ObjectAction LIKE 'ALTER%' AND */@ObjectName LIKE '[_]%') BEGIN INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) END ELSE BEGIN -----------------0001 start --- INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) --Rollback TRANSACTION -----------------end -------- -------------0002 begin ---------------- DECLARE @Subject AS nvarchar(200) DECLARE @Body AS nvarchar(MAX) DECLARE @SPName AS nvarchar(MAX) SET @Subject = 'ServerDBTrigger-重要!;ServerIP:' + @ServerIP SET @SPName = '' SET @Body = '<html><body>Dear All,<br> <br> ServerName:' + @ServerName+ ' ; ServerIP:' + @ServerIP+ '上的object已被改动,请及时检查!!! <br> You can get detail information from DBA_DBTrigger_Log. <br><br><table border=1 bgcolor=#aaff11>' SET @Body = @Body+ '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>ServerName</td><td>ServerIP</td><td>DBName</td><td>EventType</td><td>ObjectName</td><td>ObjectType</td><td>HostName </td><td>TransDateTime</td></tr>' SELECT @SPName = @SPName + '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>'+ CAST(@ServerName AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@ServerIP AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>' + CAST(@DBName AS NVARCHAR(50)) + '</td><td>'+ CAST(@EventType AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+CAST(@ObjectName AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@ObjectType AS NVARCHAR(20))+ '</td><td>'+ SUBSTRING(REPLACE(CAST(@HostName AS varchar(500)), CHAR(0), ''), 1, 500)+ '</td><td>'+ CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21)+ '</td></tr>' SET @Body = @Body + @SPName + '</table>' SET @BODY=REPLACE(@BODY,'''','') IF REPLACE(@BODY,' ','')<>'' BEGIN DECLARE @AllEmailToAddress varchar(3000)='' DECLARE @AllEmailCcAddress varchar(3000)='' DECLARE @Allprofile_name varchar(100)='' SELECT @AllEmailToAddress='收件人的地址' SELECT @AllEmailCcAddress='抄送人的地址' SELECT TOP 1 @Allprofile_name=NAME FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile ORDER BY profile_id EXEC msdb..sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = @Allprofile_name -- profile 名称 ,@recipients = @AllEmailToAddress -- 收件人邮箱 ,@copy_recipients=@AllEmailCcAddress ,@subject = @Subject -- 邮件标题 ,@body = @BODY -- 邮件内容 ,@body_format = 'HTML' -- 邮件格式 ,@file_attachments='' END ------------- 0002 end ------------ END END ----新建对象自动塞入保护表 ELSE BEGIN --PRINT 3 DELETE FROM Protected_Objects WHERE ServerName = @@SERVERNAME AND DBName=@DBName AND ObjName=@ObjectName IF @ObjectAction LIKE 'Create%' AND @AppName LIKE '%Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio%' AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE '[_]%' AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE 'TMP%' BEGIN INSERT INTO Protected_Objects VALUES ( @ServerIP, @ServerName, @DBName, @ObjectName,@ObjectType, @HostName, 'Y', GETDATE() ) INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) END ELSE IF @ObjectAction NOT LIKE 'Create%' AND @AppName LIKE '%Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio%' AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE '[_]%' BEGIN INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) END END END TRY BEGIN CATCH PRINT '@ObjectName:'+@ObjectName PRINT '@ObjectType:'+@ObjectType PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE() ROLLBACK TRANSACTION END CATCH SET ANSI_NULLS OFF GO SET ANSI_NULLS OFF GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF GO ENABLE TRIGGER [ServerDBTrigger_ProtectObjects] ON ALL SERVER GO
四. 补充
创建Server Trigger 后，此时表Protected_Objects是空的，没有被保护的数据库对象。我们可以将数据库下面的对象批量插入。例如，我们将数据库XXXX下除 _和unuse开头之外的所有对象批量插入。其脚本如下：
INSERT INTO Protected_Objects(DBName,ObjName,ObjType,Creator,ActiveFlag,TransDateTime) SELECT 'XXXXXX',Name, CASE xtype WHEN 'U' THEN 'Table' WHEN 'P' THEN 'Procedure' WHEN 'FN' THEN 'Function' WHEN 'TF' THEN 'Function' WHEN 'V' THEN 'View' END, HOST_NAME(),'Y' ,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),DATEADD(DAY,-46,GETDATE()),120) FROM [XXXXXXX].dbo.sysobjects WHERE xtype IN ('U','P','FN','V','TF') AND name NOT LIKE '[_]%' AND name NOT LIKE 'unuse%'
