面向对象的进阶二
item系列
getitem，可以以字典键值对的形式取得值（查）
class A: def __init__(self,name,age,sex): self.name=name self.age=age self.sex=sex def __getitem__(self, item): return self.__dict__[item] a=A('二狗',18,'男') print(a.name) print(a['name']) print(a['sex'])
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
二狗
二狗
男
Process finished with exit code 0
setitem（增）
可以以键值对的形式添加
class A: def __init__(self,name,age,sex): self.name=name self.age=age self.sex=sex def __getitem__(self, item): return self.__dict__[item] def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.__dict__[key]=value a=A('二狗',18,'男') a['爱好']='睡觉' print(a['爱好'])
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
睡觉
Process finished with exit code 0
delitem通过键的方式删除
class A: def __init__(self,name,age,sex): self.name=name self.age=age self.sex=sex def __getitem__(self, item): return self.__dict__[item] def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.__dict__[key]=value def __delitem__(self, key): del self.__dict__[key] a=A('二狗',18,'男') a['爱好']='睡觉' del a['爱好'] print(a.__dict__)
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py {'name': '二狗', 'age': 18, 'sex': '男'} Process finished with exit code 0
2 __new__方法
可以新建一个对象，其对象的属性不变，先执行new里的
class A: def __init__(self): self.name=1 print('你好') def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): print('dajiahao ') return object.__new__(cls) a=A() a1=A() a2=A() a3=A() print(a.name)
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
dajiahao
你好
dajiahao
你好
dajiahao
你好
dajiahao
你好
1
这里说一个设计模式：
单例模式
从始至终操作的一直是一个对象，当后来的新对象的属性和之前一样的时候
就覆盖之前的属性，不一样的话就保留
有则覆盖，无则添加
class A: __in = False def __init__(self,name,age): self.name = name self.age = age def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls.__in: print(cls.__in) return cls.__in cls.__in = object.__new__(cls) return cls.__in a=A('二狗',18) a1=A('狗',18) a.sex='男' print(a.name) print(a1.name) print(a1.sex)
<__main__.A object at 0x000002255E3EDD30> 狗 狗 男 Process finished with exit code 0
__eq__
,即使对象不一样只要是传的值一样，最后内存地址就一样
class A: def __init__(self,name): self.name=name def __eq__(self, other): if self.__dict__==other.__dict__: return True else: return False a=A('hh') a1=A('gg') print(a==a1) a=A('hh') a1=A('hh') print(a==a1) a=A('hh') a=A('gg') print(a==a)
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
False
True
True
Process finished with exit code 0
__hash__
class A: def __init__(self,name,sex): self.name=name self.sex=sex def __hash__(self): return hash(str(self.name)+str(self.sex)) a=A('二狗','男') a1=A('大狗','女') print(hash(a)) print(hash(a1))
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py 8933739916456817652 6638030369082061954 Process finished with exit code 0
set依赖对象，，hash，，eq
class A: def __init__(self,name,sex,age): self.name = name self.sex = sex self.age = age def __eq__(self, other): if self.name == other.name and self.sex == other.sex: return True return False def __hash__(self): return hash(self.name + self.sex) a = A('二狗','男',38) b = A('二狗','男',37) print(set((a,b)))
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py {<__main__.A object at 0x00000233469AD6D8>} Process finished with exit code 0
纸牌游戏
import json from collections import namedtuple card=namedtuple('card',['rank','suit']) class A: ranks=[str(i) for i in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA') suits=['红心','方板','梅花','黑桃'] def __init__(self): self._cards=[card(rank,suit) for rank in A.ranks for suit in A.suits] def __len__(self): return len(self._cards) def __getitem__(self, item): return self._cards[item] def __setitem__(self, key, value): self._cards[key] = value def __str__(self): return json.dumps(self._cards,ensure_ascii=False) a=A() print(a[10]) from random import choice print(choice(a)) from random import shuffle shuffle(a) print(a[10])
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py card(rank='4', suit='梅花') card(rank='5', suit='梅花') card(rank='8', suit='黑桃') Process finished with exit code 0
3 摘要算法
hashlib
import hashlib md5=hashlib.md5() md5.update(b'123') md5=md5.hexdigest() print(md5)
202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70
Process finished with exit code 0
加盐
import hashlib md5=hashlib.md5(bytes('ni',encoding='utf-8')) md5.update(b'123') md5=md5.hexdigest() print(md5)
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
6e17fe6b555ea6041f5e9d9f93819316
Process finished with exit code 0
动态加盐
import hashlib md5=hashlib.md5(bytes('ni',encoding='utf-8')+b'7') md5.update(b'123') md5=md5.hexdigest() print(md5)
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
39b908f762569e157bb988ea3b466698
Process finished with exit code 0
用户登录
import hashlib usr = input('name') password = input('password') with open('nn') as f: for line in f: user,passwd,rr= line.split('|') md5 = hashlib.md5() md5.update(bytes(password,encoding='utf-8')) md5_pwd = md5.hexdigest() if usr == user and md5_pwd==passwd: print('ok') else: print('NO')
namea
password123
ok
模块
configparser模块
生成文档
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config['AA']={'a':'1' ,'b':'2' ,'c':'3'} config['bb']={'aa':'11','bb':'22'} with open ('cc.ini','w')as f: config.write(f)
显示文件内的组名
对象名.sections（）
列表的形式显示
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config['AA']={'a':'1' ,'b':'2' ,'c':'3'} config['bb']={'aa':'11','bb':'22'} with open ('cc.ini','w')as f: config.write(f) print(config.sections())
['AA', 'bb'] Process finished with exi
另一种情况：创建完文件，在新的页面读取
这个时候读出来的是空列表【】
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() print(config.sections())
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" [] Process finished with exit code 0
先要读出，然后就可以了
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() print(config.sections()) config.read('cc.ini') print(config.sections())
[] ['AA', 'bb']
判断一个组名在不在文件里，在返回True反之False
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') print(config.sections()) print('bb' in config) print('bbc' in config)
['AA', 'bb'] True False Process finished with exit code 0
取字典里的值
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') print(config['bb']['aa'])
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" 11 Process finished with exit code 0
如果没有键就会返回：
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') print(config['bb'])
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" <Section: bb> Process finished with exit code 0
for i in的应用
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') for k in config['bb']: print(k)
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" aa bb Process finished with exit code 0
options和for循环一样，只是不同的是打印出来的键是存放在列表里的
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') print(config.options('bb'))
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" ['aa', 'bb'] Process finished with exit code 0
打印键值对
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" ['aa', 'bb'] Process finished with exit code 0
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" [('aa', '11'), ('bb', '22')] Process finished with exit code 0
get找键对应的值
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') print(config.get('bb','aa')) print(config.get('bb','bb'))
C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py" 11 22 Process finished with exit code 0
增
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') config.add_section('89')
删
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') config.remove_section('bb') config.remove_option('AA','a') config.write(open('new.ini','w'))
改
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('cc.ini') config.set('bb','cc','33') config.write(open('new.ini','w'))
logging，模块
灵活配置日志级别，，格式，输出位置
import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s', datefmt='%a %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', filename='ll', filemode='w' ) logging.debug('debug message') logging.info('zhengchang message') logging.warning('warn message') logging.error('cuowu, message') logging.critical('zhongyao message')
配置参数
logging.basicConfig()函数中可通过具体参数来更改logging模块默认行为，可用参数有： filename：用指定的文件名创建FiledHandler，这样日志会被存储在指定的文件中。 filemode：文件打开方式，在指定了filename时使用这个参数，默认值为“a”还可指定为“w”。 format：指定handler使用的日志显示格式。 datefmt：指定日期时间格式。 level：设置rootlogger（后边会讲解具体概念）的日志级别 stream：用指定的stream创建StreamHandler。可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件(f=open(‘test.log’,’w’))，默认为sys.stderr。若同时列出了filename和stream两个参数，则stream参数会被忽略。 format参数中可能用到的格式化串： %(name)s Logger的名字 %(levelno)s 数字形式的日志级别 %(levelname)s 文本形式的日志级别 %(pathname)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有 %(filename)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名 %(module)s 调用日志输出函数的模块名 %(funcName)s 调用日志输出函数的函数名 %(lineno)d 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行 %(created)f 当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示 %(relativeCreated)d 输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数 %(asctime)s 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒 %(thread)d 线程ID。可能没有 %(threadName)s 线程名。可能没有 %(process)d 进程ID。可能没有 %(message)s用户输出的消息
log对象配置
import logging log=logging.getLogger() h=logging.FileHandler('test.log',encoding='utf-8')#创建文件，写入日志 h1=logging.StreamHandler()#用于控制台的输出 formate=logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s') h.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) h.setFormatter(formate) h1.setFormatter(formate) log.addHandler(h) log.addHandler(h1) logging.debug('debug message') logging.info('zhengchang message') logging.warning('warn message') logging.error('cuowu, message') logging.critical('zhongyao message')
2018-01-24 15:13:43,331 mokuia .py [line:44] WARNING 2018-01-24 15:13:43,332 mokuia .py [line:45] ERROR 2018-01-24 15:13:43,332 mokuia .py [line:46] CRITICAL Process finished with exit code 0
