201771010112罗松《面向对象程序设计(java)》第六周学习总结

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                    实验六 继承定义与使用

实验目的与要求:

在软件开发中,通过继承机制,可以利用已有的数据类型来定义新的数据类型。所定义的新的数据类型不仅拥有新定义的成员,而且还同时拥有旧的成员。因此,类的继承性使所建立的软件具有开放性开放性、可扩充性,这是信息组织与分类的行之有效的方法,通过类的继承关系,使公共的特性能够共享,简化了对象、类的创建工作量,增加了代码的可重用性。运行时多态性是面向对象程序设计代码重用的一个最强大机制,Java多态性的概念也可以被说成一个接口,多个方法Java实现运行时多态性的基础是动态方法调度,它是一种在运行时而不是在编译期调用重载方法的机制。方法的重写Overriding和重载OverloadingJava多态性的不同表现。重写Overriding是父类与子类之间多态性的一种表现,重载Overloading是一个类中多态性的一种表现。如果在子类中定义某方法与其父类有相同的名称和参数,我们说该方法被重写(Overriding)。子类的对象使用这个方法时,将调用子类中的定义,对它而言,父类中的定义如同被屏蔽了。如果在一个类中定义了多个同名的方法,它们或有不同的参数个数或有不同的参数类型,则称为方法的重载(Overloading)Overloaded的方法是可以改变返回值的类型。方法的重写Overriding和重载OverloadingJava多态性的不同表现。当超类对象引用变量引用子类对象时,被引用对象的类型而不是引用变量的类型决定了调用谁的成员方法,但是这个被调用的方法必须是在超类中定义过的,也就是说被子类覆盖的方法。 (但是如果强制把超类转换成子类的话,就可以调用子类中新添加而超类没有的方法了

二、(1) 理解继承的定义;(2) 掌握子类的定义要求(3) 掌握多态性的概念及用法;(4) 掌握抽象类的定义及用途;(5) 掌握类中4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途;(6) 掌握抽象类的定义方法及用途;(7)掌握Object类的用途及常用API(8) 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用法;(9) 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1 导入第5章示例程序,测试并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:在elipse IDE中编辑、调试、运行程序5-1 (教材152-153 ;掌握子类的定义及用法;结合程序运行结果,理解并总结OO风格程序构造特点,理解EmployeeManager类的关系子类的用途,并在代码中添加注释。

测试实验结果如下:

 

 

 

插入此程序的代码并对其进行注释,进行更深一步的理解

ManaManager

 

 

Emloyee:

 

 

 

 

 

子类的定义:在有继承关系的类中extends前面的类则是子类。

超类和子类都是Java程序员常用的两个类。

测试程序2

    编辑、编译、调试运行教材PersonTest程序(教材163-165)

   掌握超类的定义及其使用要求;

   掌握利用超类扩展子类的要求;

  在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

  超类:如果在程序中没有明确的之处超类,Object就是被认为是这个类的超类,如:Public class Employee extebds Object.java中,每个类都是Object类扩展而来的。当然也可以使用Object类型的变量引用任何类型的对象。

超类扩展子类的要求

代码的注释:

 

 

 

 

 

测试程序3

    编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-85-95-10,结合程序运行结果理解程序(教材174-177页);

    掌握Object类的定义及用法;

    在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

Employee.java:

package equals;

 

import java.time.*;

import java.util.Objects;

 

public class Employee

{

   private String name;

   private double salary;

   private LocalDate hireDay;

 

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)

   {

      this.name = name;

      this.salary = salary;

      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);

   }

 

   public String getName()

   {

      return name;

   }

 

   public double getSalary()

   {

      return salary;

   }

 

   public LocalDate getHireDay()

   {

      return hireDay;

   }

 

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)

   {

      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;

      salary += raise;

   }

 

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)

   {

      // 看看这些对象是否相同

      if (this == otherObject) return true;

 

      // 如果显式参数为空,则必须返回false

      if (otherObject == null) return false;

 

      // 如果类不匹配,它们就不能相等

      if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;

 

      // 现在我们知道otherObject是一个非空雇员

      Employee other = (Employee) otherObject;

 

      // 测试字段是否具有相同的值

      return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);

   }

 

   public int hashCode()

   {

      return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay);

   }

 

   public String toString()

   {

      return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay

            + "]";

   }

}

Manager.java:

package equals;

 

public class Manager extends Employee//子类Manager继承父类Employee

{

   private double bonus;

 

   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)

   {

      super(name, salary, year, month, day);

      bonus = 0;

   }

 

   public double getSalary()

   {

      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();

      return baseSalary + bonus;

   }

 

   public void setBonus(double bonus)

   {

      this.bonus = bonus;

   }

 

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)

   {

      if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;

      Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;

      // super.equals检查这个和其他属于同一个类

      return bonus == other.bonus;

   }

 

   public int hashCode()

   {

      return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);

   }

 

   public String toString()

   {

      return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";

   }

}

Equals.java:

package equals;

 

/**

 * This program demonstrates the equals method.

 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26

 * @author Cay Horstmann

 */

public class EqualsTest

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

      Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);

      Employee alice2 = alice1;

      Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);

      Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

 

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));

 

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));

 

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));

 

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));

 

      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);

 

      Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);

      Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);

      boss.setBonus(5000);

      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);

      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));

      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());

      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());

      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());

      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());

   }

}

package equals;

 

/**

 * This program demonstrates the equals method.

 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26

 * @author Cay Horstmann

 */

public class EqualsTest

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

      Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);

      Employee alice2 = alice1;

      Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);

      Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

 

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));

 

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));

 

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));

 

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));

 

      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);

 

      Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);

      Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);

      boss.setBonus(5000);

      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);

      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));

      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());

      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());

      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());

      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());

   }

}

测试程序4:

     elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11(教材182页),结合程序运行结果理解程序;

     掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;

     在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

插入程序相关代码

ArrayList.java:

package arrayList;

 

import java.util.*;

 

/**

 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.

 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26

 * @author Cay Horstmann

 */

public class ArrayListTest

{

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {

      // 用三个Employee对象填充staff数组列表

      ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>();

 

      staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));

      staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));

      staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));

 

      // 把每个人的薪水提高5%

      for (Employee e : staff)

         e.raiseSalary(5);

 

      // 打印所有Employee对象的信息

      for (Employee e : staff)

         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="

               + e.getHireDay());

   }

}

Employee.java:

package arrayList;

 

import java.time.*;

 

public class Employee

{

   private String name;

   private double salary;

   private LocalDate hireDay;

 

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)

   {

      this.name = name;

      this.salary = salary;

      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);

   }

 

   public String getName()

   {

      return name;

   }

 

   public double getSalary()

   {

      return salary;

   }

 

   public LocalDate getHireDay()

   {

      return hireDay;

   }

 

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)

   {

      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;

      salary += raise;

   }

}

package arrayList;

 

import java.time.*;

 

public class Employee

{

   private String name;

   private double salary;

   private LocalDate hireDay;

 

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)

   {

      this.name = name;

      this.salary = salary;

      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);

   }

 

   public String getName()

   {

      return name;

   }

 

   public double getSalary()

   {

      return salary;

   }

 

   public LocalDate getHireDay()

   {

      return hireDay;

   }

 

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)

   {

      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;

      salary += raise;

   }

}

程序测试结果如下:

 

 

测试程序5

    编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页),结合运行结果理解程序;

   掌握枚举类的定义及用法;

   在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

插入实例程序的代码:

package enums;

 

import java.util.*;

 

/**

 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.

 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24

 * @author Cay Horstmann

 */

public class EnumTest

{  

   public static void main(String[] args)

   {  

      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");

      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();

      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);

      System.out.println("size=" + size);

      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());

      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)

         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      

   }

}

 

enum Size

{

   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");

 

   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }

   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }

 

   private String abbreviation;

}

测试结果如下:

 

 

实验2编程练习1

    定义抽象类Shape

  属性不可变常量double PI,值为3.14

  方法public double getPerimeter()public double getArea())

  让Rectangle与Circle继承自Shape类。

    编写double sumAllArea方法输出形状数组中的面积和和double sumAllPerimeter方法输出形状数组中的周长和。

  main方法中

1)输入整型值n,然后建立n个不同的形状。如果输入rect,则再输入长和宽。如果输入cir,则再输入半径。
2 然后输出所有的形状的周长之和,面积之和。并将所有的形状信息以样例的格式输出。
3 最后输出每个形状的类型与父类型使用类似shape.getClass()(获得类型)shape.getClass().getSuperclass()(获得父类型);

思考sumAllArea和sumAllPerimeter方法放在哪个类中更合适?

输入样例:

3

rect

1 1

rect

2 2

cir

1

输出样例:

18.28

8.14

[Rectangle [width=1, length=1], Rectangle [width=2, length=2], Circle [radius=1]]

class Rectangle,class Shape

class Rectangle,class Shape

class Circle,class Shape

 程序相关代码:

shape:

package shape;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test {

 public static void main(String[] args) {

  Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

  System.out.println("个数");

  int a = in.nextInt();

  System.out.println("种类");

  String rect="rect";

        String cir="cir";

  Shape[] num=new Shape[a];

  for(int i=0;i<a;i++){

   String input=in.next();

   if(input.equals(rect)) {

   System.out.println("长和宽");

   int length = in.nextInt();

   int width = in.nextInt();

         num[i]=new Rectangle(width,length);

         System.out.println("Rectangle["+"length:"+length+"  width:"+width+"]");

         }

   if(input.equals(cir)) {

         System.out.println("半径");

      int radius = in.nextInt();

      num[i]=new Circle(radius);

      System.out.println("Circle["+"radius:"+radius+"]");

         }

         }

         Test c=new Test();

         System.out.println("求和");

         System.out.println(c.sumAllPerimeter(num));

         System.out.println(c.sumAllArea(num));

         

         for(Shape s:num) {

             System.out.println(s.getClass()+","+s.getClass().getSuperclass());

             }

         }

 

           public double sumAllArea(Shape score[])

           {

           double sum=0;

           for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)

               sum+= score[i].getArea();

               return sum;

           }

           public double sumAllPerimeter(Shape score[])

           {

           double sum=0;

           for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)

               sum+= score[i].getPerimeter();

               return sum;

           }    

}

Test:

package shape;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test {

 public static void main(String[] args) {

  Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

  System.out.println("个数");

  int a = in.nextInt();

  System.out.println("种类");

  String rect="rect";

        String cir="cir";

  Shape[] num=new Shape[a];

  for(int i=0;i<a;i++){

   String input=in.next();

   if(input.equals(rect)) {

   System.out.println("长和宽");

   int length = in.nextInt();

   int width = in.nextInt();

         num[i]=new Rectangle(width,length);

         System.out.println("Rectangle["+"length:"+length+"  width:"+width+"]");

         }

   if(input.equals(cir)) {

         System.out.println("半径");

      int radius = in.nextInt();

      num[i]=new Circle(radius);

      System.out.println("Circle["+"radius:"+radius+"]");

         }

         }

         Test c=new Test();

         System.out.println("求和");

         System.out.println(c.sumAllPerimeter(num));

         System.out.println(c.sumAllArea(num));

         

         for(Shape s:num) {

             System.out.println(s.getClass()+","+s.getClass().getSuperclass());

             }

         }

 

           public double sumAllArea(Shape score[])

           {

           double sum=0;

           for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)

               sum+= score[i].getArea();

               return sum;

           }

           public double sumAllPerimeter(Shape score[])

           {

           double sum=0;

           for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)

               sum+= score[i].getPerimeter();

               return sum;

           }    

}

实验结果如下所示:

 

 

实验3 编程练习2

编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中,输入一个身份证号或姓名,查询显示查询对象的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地。

 插入程序代码:

Main :

 

 本周学习package id1;

 

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Scanner;

 

public class Main{

    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        File file = new File("D:/身份证号.txt");

        try {

            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);

            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));

            String temp = null;

            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

                

                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

                

                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    

                String name = linescanner.next();

                String number = linescanner.next();

                String sex = linescanner.next();

                String year = linescanner.next();

                String province =linescanner.nextLine();

                Student student = new Student();

                student.setName(name);

                student.setnumber(number);

                student.setsex(sex);

                student.setyear(year);

                student.setprovince(province);

                studentlist.add(student);

 

            }

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        boolean isTrue = true;

        while (isTrue) {

 

            System.out.println("1.按姓名查询");

            System.out.println("2.按身份证号查询");

            System.out.println("3.退出");

            int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();

            switch (nextInt) {

            case 1:

                System.out.println("请输入姓名");

                String studentname = scanner.next();

                int nameint = findStudentByname(studentname);

                if (nameint != -1) {

                    System.out.println("查找信息为:身份证号:"

                            + studentlist.get(nameint).getnumber() + "    姓名:"

                            + studentlist.get(nameint).getName() +"    性别:"

                            +studentlist.get(nameint).getsex()   +"    年龄:"

                            +studentlist.get(nameint).getyaer()+"  地址:"

                            +studentlist.get(nameint).getprovince()

                            );

                } else {

                    System.out.println("不存在该学生");

                }

                break;

            case 2:

                System.out.println("请输入身份证号");

                String studentid = scanner.next();

                int idint = findStudentByid(studentid);

                if (idint != -1) {

                    System.out.println("查找信息为:身份证号:"

                            + studentlist.get(idint ).getnumber() + "    姓名:"

                            + studentlist.get(idint ).getName() +"    性别:"

                            +studentlist.get(idint ).getsex()   +"    年龄:"

                            +studentlist.get(idint ).getyaer()+"   地址:"

                            +studentlist.get(idint ).getprovince()

                            );

                } else {

                    System.out.println("不存在该学生");

                }

                break;

            case 3:

                isTrue = false;

                System.out.println("程序已退出!");

                break;

            default:

                System.out.println("输入有误");

            }

        }

    }

 

    public static int findStudentByname(String name) {

        int flag = -1;

        int a[];

        for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {

            if (studentlist.get(i).getName().equals(name)) {

                flag= i;

            }

        }

        return flag;

    }

 

    public static int findStudentByid(String id) {

        int flag = -1;

 

        for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {

            if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().equals(id)) {

                flag = i;

            }

        }

        return flag;

    }   

Student:

 

 

 

public class Student {

 

    private String name;

    private String number ;

    private String sex ;

    private String year;

    private String province;

   

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public String getnumber() {

        return number;

    }

    public void setnumber(String number) {

        this.number = number;

    }

    public String getsex() {

        return sex ;

    }

    public void setsex(String sex ) {

        this.sex =sex ;

    }

    public String getyaer() {

        return year;

    }

    public void setyear(String year ) {

        this.year=year ;

    }

    public String getprovince() {

        return province;

    }

    public void setprovince(String province) {

        this.province=province ;

    }

}

实验结果如下所示:

 

 实验总结:

通过这一周的学习以及自己在后期的自学过程当中,我深入了解了什么叫做继承,以及在继承中所包含的类型有哪些。继承是用已有类来构建新类的一种机制,当定义了一个新类继承了一个类时,这个新类继承一个类时,这个新类就继承了这个类的方法和域。而且继承是具有层次的,其代码也是可重用的,可以轻松定义子类。首先在学习过程当中我们学习了类,超类和子类的定义,让我明白了父类和子类时相对的。还学习了泛型数组列表与对象包装器与自动装箱,在后面还介绍了反射的概念,它是在程序运行期间发现更多的类及其属性的能力。并体会颇多,在今后的日子里我会好好深入学习java知识。

 

 

posted @ 2018-10-07 17:01  如果优质豺狼它英勇披上婚纱  阅读(120)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报