CRM——起步
一、CRM简介
crm 客户关系管理软件 ( Customer Relationship Management )。
二、CRM起步
1、设计表结构和数据库迁移
from django.db import models class Department(models.Model): """ 部门表 市场部 1000 销售 1001 """ title = models.CharField(verbose_name='部门名称', max_length=16) code = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='部门编号', unique=True, null=False) def __str__(self): return self.title class UserInfo(models.Model): """ 员工表 """ name = models.CharField(verbose_name='员工姓名', max_length=16) username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=32) password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=64) email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', max_length=64) # 模仿 SQL 约束 ON DELETE CASCADE 的行为，换句话说，删除一个对象时也会删除与它相关联的外键对象。 depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='部门', to="Department", to_field="code", on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.name class Course(models.Model): """ 课程表 如： Linux基础 Linux架构师 Python自动化开发精英班 Python自动化开发架构师班 Python基础班 go基础班 """ name = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程名称', max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.name class School(models.Model): """ 校区表 如： 北京沙河校区 上海校区 """ title = models.CharField(verbose_name='校区名称', max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.title class ClassList(models.Model): """ 班级表 如： Python全栈 面授班 5期 10000 2017-11-11 2018-5-11 """ school = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='校区', to='School', on_delete=models.CASCADE) course = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='课程名称', to='Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE) semester = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="班级(期)") price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学费") start_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="开班日期") graduate_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="结业日期", null=True, blank=True) memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='说明', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True, ) # teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart_id__in':[1003,1004],}) teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo', related_name="abc", limit_choices_to={"depart__in":[1002,1005]}) tutor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='班主任', to='UserInfo', related_name='classes', limit_choices_to={"depart": 1001}, on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return "{0}({1}期)".format(self.course.name, self.semester) class Customer(models.Model): """ 客户表 """ qq = models.CharField(verbose_name='qq', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一') name = models.CharField(verbose_name='学生姓名', max_length=16) gender_choices = ((1, '男'), (2, '女')) gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='性别', choices=gender_choices) education_choices = ( (1, '重点大学'), (2, '普通本科'), (3, '独立院校'), (4, '民办本科'), (5, '大专'), (6, '民办专科'), (7, '高中'), (8, '其他') ) education = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='学历', choices=education_choices, blank=True, null=True, ) graduation_school = models.CharField(verbose_name='毕业学校', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) major = models.CharField(verbose_name='所学专业', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) experience_choices = [ (1, '在校生'), (2, '应届毕业'), (3, '半年以内'), (4, '半年至一年'), (5, '一年至三年'), (6, '三年至五年'), (7, '五年以上'), ] experience = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='工作经验', blank=True, null=True, choices=experience_choices) work_status_choices = [ (1, '在职'), (2, '无业') ] work_status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="职业状态", choices=work_status_choices, default=1, blank=True, null=True) company = models.CharField(verbose_name="目前就职公司", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) salary = models.CharField(verbose_name="当前薪资", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) source_choices = [ (1, "qq群"), (2, "内部转介绍"), (3, "官方网站"), (4, "百度推广"), (5, "360推广"), (6, "搜狗推广"), (7, "腾讯课堂"), (8, "广点通"), (9, "高校宣讲"), (10, "渠道代理"), (11, "51cto"), (12, "智汇推"), (13, "网盟"), (14, "DSP"), (15, "SEO"), (16, "其它"), ] source = models.SmallIntegerField('客户来源', choices=source_choices, default=1) referral_from = models.ForeignKey( 'self', blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="转介绍自学员", help_text="若此客户是转介绍自内部学员,请在此处选择内部学员姓名", related_name="internal_referral", on_delete = models.CASCADE ) course = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="咨询课程", to="Course") status_choices = [ (1, "已报名"), (2, "未报名") ] status = models.IntegerField( verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2, help_text=u"选择客户此时的状态" ) consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="课程顾问", to='UserInfo', related_name='consultanter', limit_choices_to={'depart_id': 1001}, on_delete=models.CASCADE) date = models.DateField(verbose_name="咨询日期", auto_now_add=True) recv_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="当前课程顾问的接单日期", null=True) last_consult_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="最后跟进日期", ) def __str__(self): return "姓名:{0},QQ:{1}".format(self.name, self.qq, ) class ConsultRecord(models.Model): """ 客户跟进记录 """ customer = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所咨询客户", to='Customer', on_delete=models.CASCADE) consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="跟踪人", to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.CASCADE) date = models.DateField(verbose_name="跟进日期", auto_now_add=True) note = models.TextField(verbose_name="跟进内容...") def __str__(self): return self.customer.name + ":" + self.consultant.name class Student(models.Model): """ 学生表（已报名） """ customer = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='客户信息', to='Customer', on_delete=models.CASCADE) username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=32) password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=64) emergency_contract = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='紧急联系人') class_list = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="已报班级", to='ClassList', blank=True) company = models.CharField(verbose_name='公司', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True) location = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='所在区域', blank=True, null=True) position = models.CharField(verbose_name='岗位', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) salary = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='薪资', blank=True, null=True) welfare = models.CharField(verbose_name='福利', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True) date = models.DateField(verbose_name='入职时间', help_text='格式yyyy-mm-dd', blank=True, null=True) memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='备注', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True) def __str__(self): return self.username class CourseRecord(models.Model): """ 上课记录表 """ class_obj = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="班级", to="ClassList", on_delete=models.CASCADE) day_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="节次", help_text=u"此处填写第几节课或第几天课程...,必须为数字") teacher = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="讲师", to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={"depart_id__in":[1002,1003]}, on_delete=models.CASCADE) date = models.DateField(verbose_name="上课日期", auto_now_add=True) course_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节课程标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) course_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='本节课程内容概要', blank=True, null=True) has_homework = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="本节有作业") homework_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节作业标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) homework_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='作业描述', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True) exam = models.TextField(verbose_name='踩分点', max_length=300, blank=True, null=True) def __str__(self): return "{0} day{1}".format(self.class_obj, self.day_num) class StudyRecord(models.Model): course_record = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="第几天课程", to="CourseRecord", on_delete=models.CASCADE) student = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="学员", to='Student', on_delete=models.CASCADE) record_choices = (('checked', "已签到"), ('vacate', "请假"), ('late', "迟到"), ('noshow', "缺勤"), ('leave_early', "早退"), ) record = models.CharField("上课纪录", choices=record_choices, default="checked", max_length=64) score_choices = ((100, 'A+'), (90, 'A'), (85, 'B+'), (80, 'B'), (70, 'B-'), (60, 'C+'), (50, 'C'), (40, 'C-'), (0, ' D'), (-1, 'N/A'), (-100, 'COPY'), (-1000, 'FAIL'), ) score = models.IntegerField("本节成绩", choices=score_choices, default=-1) homework_note = models.CharField(verbose_name='作业评语', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) note = models.CharField(verbose_name="备注", max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) homework = models.FileField(verbose_name='作业文件', blank=True, null=True, default=None) stu_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='学员备注', blank=True, null=True) date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='提交作业日期', auto_now_add=True) def __str__(self): return "{0}-{1}".format(self.course_record, self.student)
注意要给ForeignKey和OneToOneField字段添加on_delete=models.CASCADE 属性。
执行数据库迁移：
manage.py@CRM_demo > makemigrations manage.py@CRM_demo > migrate
2、引入stark组件
将前面订制的stark组件代码拷入CRM项目中：(stark_demo中的templates目录文件复制到stark下)
在settings.py中添加stark应用信息：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
......
'stark.apps.StarkConfig'
]
3、注册stark
app01/stark.py:
from stark.service.stark import site from .models import * site.register(School) site.register(UserInfo) site.register(ClassList) site.register(Student) site.register(Customer) site.register(Department) site.register(Course) site.register(ConsultRecord) site.register(CourseRecord) site.register(StudyRecord)
4、路由配置urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from stark.service.stark import site
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('stark/', site.urls)
]
三、录入数据
1、录入校区
2、录入课程
3、录入部门
4、录入员工用户
5、添加班级
此处涉及models.py中modelform的limit_choices_to属性应用。
6、添加咨询客户
7、添加客户跟进记录
8、添加学生表
四、crm/stark.py编写自定义配置
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- __author__ = 'Qiushi Huang' from stark.service.stark import site, ModelStark from .models import * from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect site.register(School) class UserConfig(ModelStark): list_display = ["name", "email", "depart"] site.register(UserInfo, UserConfig) class ClassConfig(ModelStark): def display_classname(self, obj=None, header=False): # 班级名 if header: return "班级名称" # 将课程名和班级期数合并为班级名 # obj.course是课程对象 obj.course.name是课程名称 obj.semester是数字需要转字符串 class_name = "%s(%s)" % (obj.course.name, str(obj.semester)) return class_name list_display = [display_classname, "tutor", "teachers"] site.register(ClassList, ClassConfig) class StudentConfig(ModelStark): list_display = ['customer', 'class_list'] list_display_links = ['customer'] site.register(Student, StudentConfig) from django.conf.urls import url class CustomerConfig(ModelStark): # 如果要展示性别 def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False): if header: return "性别" return obj.get_gender_display() def display_course(self, obj=None, header=False): # obj:客户对象 """咨询的课程""" if header: return "课程" temp = [] for course in obj.course.all(): # 遍历所有的课程 s = "<a href='/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/%s/%s' " \ "style='border:1px solid #369;padding:3px 6px;'>" \ "<span>%s</span></a> " % (obj.pk, course.pk, course.name) temp.append(s) return mark_safe("".join(temp)) def cancel_course(self, request, customer_id, course_id): print(customer_id, course_id) obj = Customer.objects.filter(pk=customer_id).first() obj.course.remove(course_id) # 删除对象所有的关联课程 return redirect(self.get_list_url()) # 重定向当前表的查看页面 def extra_url(self): """扩展路由""" temp = [] temp.append(url((r"cancel_course/(\d+)/(\d+)"), self.cancel_course)) return temp list_display = ["name", display_gender, display_course, "consultant"] site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig) class DepartmentConfig(ModelStark): list_display = ['title', 'code'] site.register(Department, DepartmentConfig) site.register(Course) class ConsultRecordConfig(ModelStark): list_display = ["customer", "consultant", "date", "note"] site.register(ConsultRecord, ConsultRecordConfig) site.register(CourseRecord) site.register(StudyRecord)
重点：
1、limit_choices_to()
class ClassList(models.Model):
"""
班级表
"""
# limit_choices_to设置限制条件，只是用来告诉modelform怎么去取option对象
# teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart_id__in':[1003,1004],})
teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo', related_name="abc", limit_choices_to={"depart__in":[1002,1005]}) # __in设置条件
# tutor即班主任，也就是销售
tutor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='班主任', to='UserInfo', related_name='classes', limit_choices_to={"depart": 1001}, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
2、将form调整操作从add_view解耦，为change_view添加该功能
将之前serivce/stark.py中add_view视图函数中对form的调整分拆出来：
class ModelStark(object):
"""默认类，定制配置类"""
def get_new_form(self, form):
"""form调整，给特殊字段添加属性修改url"""
for bound_field in form: # 拿到每一个字段
# from django.forms.boundfield import BoundField
# print(bound_field.field) # 字段对象
print(bound_field.name) # title\publishDate\publish 字段名称
# print(type(bound_field.field)) # 字段类型
from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField # ModelMultipleChoiceField继承ModelChoiceField
if isinstance(bound_field.field, ModelChoiceField): # 通过这个判断是否是一对多或多对多的字段对象
bound_field.is_pop = True # 给所有一对多、多对多对象添加is_pop这个属性
# 需要拿到的不是当前表而是字段关联表
print("===》", bound_field.field.queryset.model)
"""
一对多或者多对多字段的关联模型表
<class 'app01.models.Publish'>
<class 'app01.models.Author'>
"""
# 拿到模型名和应用名
related_model_name = bound_field.field.queryset.model._meta.model_name
related_app_label = bound_field.field.queryset.model._meta.app_label
# 拼出添加页面地址
_url = reverse("%s_%s_add" % (related_app_label, related_model_name))
# url拿到后，再在后面拼接字段名称
bound_field.url = _url + "?pop_res_id=id_%s" % bound_field.name # /?pop_res_id=id_authors
return form
def add_view(self, request):
"""添加页面视图"""
ModelFormDemo = self.get_modelform_class()
form = ModelFormDemo() # 实例化步骤提前不管是post请求还是get请求都会传递到模板中
form = self.get_new_form(form)
if request.method == "POST":
form = ModelFormDemo(request.POST)
if form.is_valid(): # 校验字段全部合格
obj = form.save() # 将数据保存到数据库
print(obj) # 拿到返回值：当前生成的记录
pop_res_id = request.GET.get("pop_res_id") # 拿到window.open打开页面后面的get请求
if pop_res_id:
# 当属于window.open页面post请求
res = {"pk": obj.pk, "text": str(obj), "pop_res_id": pop_res_id}
return render(request, "pop.html", {"res": res})
else:
# 跳转到当前访问表的查看页面
return redirect(self.get_list_url())
# 校验有错误返回页面，且包含了错误信息
return render(request, "add_view.html", locals())
def delete_view(self, request, id):
url = self.get_list_url()
if request.method == "POST":
self.model.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return redirect(url)
# self.model.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return render(request, "delete_view.html", locals())
def change_view(self, request, id):
"""编辑视图"""
ModelFormDemo = self.get_modelform_class() # 拿到当前配置类
# 拿到编辑对象
edit_obj = self.model.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
if request.method == "POST":
form = ModelFormDemo(request.POST, instance=edit_obj) # instance就是给这个记录更改为最新的数据
if form.is_valid(): # 校验字段全部合格
form.save()
return redirect(self.get_list_url()) # 跳转到当前访问表的查看页面
# （精髓）校验有错误返回页面，且包含了错误信息
return render(request, "add_view.html", locals())
form = ModelFormDemo(instance=edit_obj) # 用instance放入编辑对象就有了编辑数据
form = self.get_new_form(form)
return render(request, "change_view.html", locals())
3、循环名字覆盖的问题
class ShowList(object):
"""展示页面类"""
def get_body(self):
"""构建表单数据"""
new_data_list = []
# for obj in self.data_list:
for obj in self.page_data: # 当前页面的数据
temp = []
for field in self.config.new_list_display(): # ["__str__", ] ["pk","name","age",edit]
if callable(field):
val = field(self.config, obj)
else:
try: # 如果是普通字段
field_obj = self.config.model._meta.get_field(field) # 拿到字段对象
if isinstance(field_obj, ManyToManyField): # 判断是否是多对多
# 反射处理 增加.all
# 多对多的情况 obj.field.all()
ret = getattr(obj, field).all() # <QuerySet [<Author: alex>, <Author: egon>]>
t = []
for mobj in ret: # 多对多的对象
t.append(str(mobj))
val = ",".join(t) # 用join方法实现拼接 alex,egon
else:
# 非多对多的情况
val = getattr(obj, field) # 拿到的关联对象 处理不了多对多
if field in self.config.list_display_links:
# _url = reverse("%s_%s_change" % (app_label, model_name), args=(obj.pk,))
_url = self.config.get_change_url(obj)
val = mark_safe("<a href='%s'>%s</a>" % (_url, val))
except Exception as e: # 如果是__str__
val = getattr(obj, field) # 反射拿到对象__str__函数的返回值 self.name 武汉大学出版社
print(val) # <bound method Publish.__str__ of <Publish: 武汉大学出版社>>
temp.append(val)
new_data_list.append(temp)
return new_data_list
多层循环一定要注意起名字，不能都使用obj作为循环的变量,会导致数据紊乱。
4、模型(model)中的choices字段的使用
Django模型中的字段有个choices属性，这个属性可以提供被选数据。如果一个字段设置了这个属性,在模版中如果我要显示这个字段，那么django模版系统就会将它默认解析为一个下拉菜单。
crm/models.py:
class Customer(models.Model):
"""客户表"""
qq = models.CharField(verbose_name='qq', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一')
name = models.CharField(verbose_name='学生姓名', max_length=16)
gender_choices = ((1, '男'), (2, '女'))
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='性别', choices=gender_choices)
crm/stark.py:
obj.gender拿到数据库存的值：1/2
使用obj.get_gender_display()拿到存的值对应显示的值：男/女
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
# 如果要展示性别
def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
if header:
return "性别"
return obj.get_gender_display()
list_display = ["name", display_gender]
site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)
4、在自定义配置类，定制展示字段a标签
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
# 如果要展示性别
def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
if header:
return "性别"
return obj.get_gender_display()
def display_course(self, obj=None, header=False):
"""咨询的课程"""
if header:
return "课程"
temp = []
for course in obj.course.all(): # 遍历所有的课程
s = "<a href='/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/%s/%s' " \
"style='border:1px solid #369;padding:3px 6px;'>" \
"<span>%s</span></a> " % (obj.pk, course.pk, course.name)
temp.append(s)
return mark_safe("".join(temp))
list_display = ["name", display_gender, display_course, "consultant"]
site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)
显示效果：
5、扩展url和视图
在客户页面，点击客户咨询过得课程取消客户课程。这里需要添加一个url，url：/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/1/3的形式。
（1）首先在service/stark.py中添加url扩展接口
class ModelStark(object):
"""默认类，定制配置类"""
def extra_url(self):
# 扩展路由，自定义配置没有配置则默认为空
return []
def get_urls_2(self):
temp = []
# 用name取别名app名+model名+操作名可以保证别名不会重复
model_name = self.model._meta.model_name
app_label = self.model._meta.app_label
temp.append(url(r"^add/", self.add_view, name="%s_%s_add" % (app_label, model_name)))
temp.append(url(r"^(\d+)/delete/", self.delete_view, name="%s_%s_delete" % (app_label, model_name)))
temp.append(url(r"^(\d+)/change/", self.change_view, name="%s_%s_change" % (app_label, model_name)))
temp.append(url(r"^$", self.list_view, name="%s_%s_list" % (app_label, model_name)))
# 添加扩展路由接口
temp.extend(self.extra_url())
return temp
（2）在Customer自定义配置类订制取消路由和视图
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
# 如果要展示性别
def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
if header:
return "性别"
return obj.get_gender_display()
def display_course(self, obj=None, header=False): # obj:客户对象
"""咨询的课程"""
if header:
return "课程"
temp = []
for course in obj.course.all(): # 遍历所有的课程
s = "<a href='/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/%s/%s' " \
"style='border:1px solid #369;padding:3px 6px;'>" \
"<span>%s</span></a> " % (obj.pk, course.pk, course.name)
temp.append(s)
return mark_safe("".join(temp))
def cancel_course(self, request, customer_id, course_id):
print(customer_id, course_id)
obj = Customer.objects.filter(pk=customer_id).first()
obj.course.remove(course_id) # 删除对象所有的关联课程
return redirect(self.get_list_url()) # 重定向当前表的查看页面
def extra_url(self):
"""扩展路由"""
temp = []
temp.append(url((r"cancel_course/(\d+)/(\d+)"), self.cancel_course))
return temp
list_display = ["name", display_gender, display_course, "consultant"]
site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)
注意a标签href地址。
（3）显示效果
点击标签删除对应的课程。
