Python For Mac 开发环境安装 以及问题记录

Python For Mac 开发环境安装记录

把自己安装的过程记录一下，亲测可用

1.Python3环境安装（转载http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html）

前言：mac系统自带python，不过以当前mac系统的最新版本为例，自带的python版本都是2.版本，虽然不影响老版本项目的运行，但是python最新的3.版本的一些语法与2.*版本并不相同，网上的教程大神们也肯定都更新出了最新版的教程，我们不论是学习还是使用，当然用最新版会更好一点。

转载请注明出处http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html

1、在安装最新版Python3.*之前，我们先熟悉一下系统自带的python。

　 Mac系统自带python路径为／System／Library／Frameworks／Python.framework/Version,我们先来打开目录看一下：

open /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions

img

我们看到这里有多个python版本，而在Current目录下存放的是系统当前的python版本。

mac既然自带了python，当然肯定配置好了python的全局命令，我们直接在终端运行：

python

img

运行正常。到这里也差不多对mac系统自带的python有所了解，接下来我们开始安装最新版本的python。

2、开始安装(这里我们使用神器homebrew，还不熟悉此神器的小伙伴请自行百度，也可点击链接直接前往下载)

安装前先搜索一下是否已经存在python3的包：

brew search python3

img

已经存在，我们可以直接安装了：

brew install python3

==> Auto-updated Homebrew!

Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core).

==> Updated Formulae

angular-cli fluent-bit links postgresql@9.6 texmath

byacc fn mlt qcachegrind tile38

caddy ipython osrm-backend rhino wtf

cfitsio ipython@5 postgresql siril

cfssl libpq postgresql@9.4 sundials

dnscrypt-proxy libpqxx postgresql@9.5 synfig

==> **Installing dependencies for python: sphinx-doc, gdbm, openssl, sqlite, **xz

==> **Installing python dependency: **sphinx-doc

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierr

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because this formula is mainly used internally by other formulae.

Users are advised to use pip to install sphinx-doc.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sphinx-doc/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

==> Summary

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/sphinx-doc/1.7.4: 2,642 files, 36.8MB

==> **Installing python dependency: **gdbm

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.14.1_1: 20 files, 555.7KB

==> **Installing python dependency: **openssl

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierr

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots

keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in

the System keychain), place .pem files in

/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs

and run

/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find this software you may need to set:

​ LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib

​ CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include

For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:

​ PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2o_1: 1,791 files, 12.3MB

==> **Installing python dependency: **sqlite

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because macOS provides an older sqlite3.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find this software you may need to set:

​ LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib

​ CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include

For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:

​ PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.23.1: 11 files, 3MB

==> **Installing python dependency: **xz

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.4: 92 files, 1MB

==> **Installing **python

Warning: Building python from source:

The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed.

You can install them, if desired, with:

​ xcode-select --install

==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5 --enable-ipv6 --dataroot

==> make

==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5

==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/sha

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e8/2340d46ecadb1692a1

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5d/c1/45947333669b31bc6b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> make html

Error: An unexpected error occurred during the brew link step

The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local

Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

所有的包都下载完毕，但是我们却发现最后报了两条错误，大概意思是公式已经建立，但是在创建连接的时候因为没有权限而发生意外错误。在报错信息里我们看到一个目录/usr/local/Frameworks，我们先去找一下这个目录：

open /usr/local/Frameworks

发现这个目录竟然不存在，那我们就来手动创建一个：

sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks

创建好目录之后，再来解决权限问题：

sudo chown $(whoami):admin /usr/local/Frameworks

不报错即为修改成功，修改好权限之后，还需要手动执行一下安装时未完成的创建连接：

brew link python3

img

连接成功。咱们来查看一下当前系统下的python3的信息：

brew info python3

img

发现python3被安装到了/usr/local/bin/python3目录下，有兴趣的小伙伴自行前往查看想过配置文件。

到这里python3的安装就算完成了，不过可能有小伙伴已经发现，不管是在终端运行python -V查看版本号还是直接运行python启动python命令行模式，默认的python版本还是系统自带的2.版本。其实这时候只运行命令时需要把python改为python3就行了，当然，有兴趣的小伙伴也可以尝试配置一下默认版本，把当前系统的默认版本修改为3.版本。知乎上已经贴出了各种各样的方法，我这里就不多做赘述了。

2.让Mac 默认使用Python3（转载https://www.cnblogs.com/wangjiale1024/p/10705868.html）

mac一般自带python2.7

可以修改 ~/.bash_profile （具体的path取决于你的python3安装路径）：

   vi ~/.bash_profile 
   # 添加这一行
   alias python="/usr/local/bin/python3"
   source ~/.bash_profile

3.IDE安装 python IDE for Mac PyCharm（转载 ）

https://blog.csdn.net/u014044812/article/details/86679150

这个内容不好贴成markdown就不贴了。亲测有效，可破解永久激活

问题纪要

发现安装的python3 竟然没有pip3。

于是卸载了 brew remove python3

重装 brew install python3

问题一

Error: Xcode alone is not sufficient on Sierra.
Install the Command Line Tools:
xcode-select —install

执行 xcode-select —install 命令 安装最新的CLT解决

问题二

Running Homebrew as root is extremely dangerous and no longer supported.

MAC /usr/local 文件夹权限问题

修改文件夹权限

sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/
如果失败提示Operation not permitted 或其他权限不足，则需要关闭Rootless
Rootless 苹果从 OS X El Capitan 10.11 系统开始使用了 Rootless 机制，系统默认将会锁定 /system、/sbin、/usr 这三个目录。用户要获取这三个目录的写权限，需要关闭Rootless
关闭Rootless

  • 重启 Mac
  • 开机时后按下 Command+R，进入恢复模式。
  • 在上面的菜单实用工具中找到并打开 Terminal
  • 输入如下命令：
    csrutil disable
  • 重启MAC，正常进入系统，此时已经可以给/system、/sbin、/usr 者几个目录进行权限更改
  • 打开 Terminal
  • 输入如下命令：
    sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local

posted @ 2019-07-06 10:55  iOS小熊  阅读(6534)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报