13天搞定Python分布爬虫(第七天)(Scrapy)

43-爬虫的基本使用

pip install Scrapy  注:windows平台需要依赖pywin32,pip install pypiwin32

 

创建工程:开发工具命令行(Terminal):scrapy startproject yixiu(工程名,自定义)

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.18362.592]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫\第04天>cd ..

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫>scrapy startproject yixiu
New Scrapy project 'yixiu', using template directory 'c:\users\xiongjiawei\pycharmprojects\spider\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\templates\project', created in:
    C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫\yixiu

You can start your first spider with:
    cd yixiu
    scrapy genspider example example.com

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫>

创建爬虫:ali为爬虫名,自定义:scrapy genspider ali sogo.com

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫>cd yixiu

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫\yixiu>scrapy genspider ali sogo.com
Created spider 'ali' using template 'basic' in module:
  yixiu.spiders.ali

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫\yixiu>

打开创建的工程:File-Open...,找到工程目录,打开。

运行scrapy爬虫工程(方法一):在开发工具Terminal中执行:scrapy crawl ali

运行结果:

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.18362.592]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫\yixiu>scrapy crawl ali
2020-02-12 10:35:52 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.8.0 started (bot: yixiu)
2020-02-12 10:35:52 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.4.2.0, libxml2 2.9.5, cssselect 1.1.0, parsel 1.5.2, w3lib 1.21.0, Twisted 19.10.0, Python 3.5.0 (v3.5.0:374f501f45
67, Sep 13 2015, 02:27:37) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 19.1.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1d  10 Sep 2019), cryptography 2.8, Platform Windows-10.0.18362
2020-02-12 10:35:52 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'yixiu.spiders', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['yixiu.spiders'], 'BOT_NAME': 'yixiu', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY':
 True}
2020-02-12 10:35:52 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 27e35f760e10cc19
2020-02-12 10:35:52 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (301) to <GET http://www.sogo.com/robots.txt> from <GET http://sogo.com/robots.txt>
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.sogo.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt] DEBUG: Forbidden by robots.txt: <GET http://sogo.com/>
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/exception_count': 1,
 'downloader/exception_type_count/scrapy.exceptions.IgnoreRequest': 1,
 'downloader/request_bytes': 438,
 'downloader/request_count': 2,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 1472,
 'downloader/response_count': 2,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,
 'downloader/response_status_count/301': 1,
 'elapsed_time_seconds': 0.656264,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 12, 2, 35, 53, 923514),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 3,
 'log_count/INFO': 10,
 'response_received_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/forbidden': 1,
 'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_status_count/200': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 12, 2, 35, 53, 267250)}
2020-02-12 10:35:53 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

(venv) C:\Users\xiongjiawei\PycharmProjects\Spider\13天搞定Python分布式爬虫\yixiu>
View Code

 

运行scrapy爬虫工程(方法二):

建立启动文件main.py(名字自定义,也可以start.py)

from scrapy.cmdline import execute

execute('scrapy crawl ali'.split())  # 写法一
# execute(['scrapy', 'crawl', 'ali'])  # 写法二

修改爬虫文件ali.py,增加打印信息:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy


class AliSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'ali'
    allowed_domains = ['sogo.com']
    start_urls = ['http://sogo.com/']

    def parse(self, response):
        print('=================================================================')
        print(response.text)
        print('=================================================================')

修改settings.py

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False #注:(为True则看不到print(response.text)打印信息)

在main.py文件上右击选择:Run 'main'

 

44-爬虫的数据提取:extract()、extract_first()、re()、xpath()、css()

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy


class QidianSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'qidian'
    allowed_domains = ['qidian.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.qidian.com/rank/yuepiao']

    def parse(self, response):
        names = response.xpath('//h4/a/text()').extract()
        authors = response.xpath('//p[@class="author"]/a[1]/text()').extract()
        # print(names)
        # print(authors)
        book = []
        for name, author in zip(names, authors):
            book.append({'name': name, 'author': author})
        return book

 运行爬虫并将结果保存到文件:scrapy crawl 爬虫名 -o 文件名.后缀 -t 文件类型

scrapy crawl qidian -o book.json -t json 注:-t json为指定文件类型,可以省略,因为已经写了后缀名book.json

scrapy crawl qidian -o book.xml

scrapy crawl qidian -o book.csv

 

45-scrapy中pipeline中的使用

 

46-scrapy中settings的设置

 在settings.py中加LOG_ENABLED=False 设置控制台不打印日志

 

47-scrapy中细节问题

 

48-scrapy爬取小说

 

49-scrapy中crawlspider的使用

……

posted @ 2020-02-12 09:04  xiongjiawei  阅读(239)  评论(0)    收藏  举报