Windows之子系统WSL
[安装]
wsl分为两个版本: V1 和 V2
如果想要从V1升级到V2,则需要
1.开启虚拟化, 查看是否开启
任务管理器 > 性能 > CPU, 查看虚拟化
系统安装完成之后， 子系统是使用的ubuntu系统,首先都会进行软件包的更新操作
1.
sudo apt update
2.更换软件源,进行加速
1.备份官方镜像源 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup 2.更换镜像源
/etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
3.更新 apt update
镜像源:
阿里: deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse 中科大 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 网易 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
使用x-shell连接子系统
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43647393/article/details/116013953
示例：
1.安装Java
1.查看是否已存在Java java -version Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with: apt install default-jre apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless apt install openjdk-9-jre-headless 2.不存在则安装 apt install default-jre
2.安装Python3 + Python2
python3: 1. sudo apt update 2. apt install python3-pip python2: 1.默认存储库不包含 Python2 的 pip。因此，要在您的系统上使用它，请启用“universe”存储库。 add-apt-repository universe 2. apt install python2 3.下载Python2 pip脚本 curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py --output get-pip.py 4.安装 sudo python2 get-pip.py
3.安装Nginx
# nginx: apt install nginx 配置文件: /etc/nginx (虚拟主机配置文件存储在/etc/nginx/sites-available目录。仅当链接到/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录时，Nginx才会使用此目录中的配置文件), 一般直接将域名配置文件放到config.d目录下 日志目录:/var/log/nginx 默认项目目录:/var/www/html 参考: https://www.myfreax.com/how-to-install-nginx-on-ubuntu-22-04/
4.安装MySQL8
# mysql: apt install mysql-server /etc/init.d/mysql start/restart/status 服务配置文件:vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
安装其他版本:
例如: 5.7
apt install mysql-server-5.7
5.安装PHP
# PHP apt install php-fpm /etc/init.d/php8.1-fpm start/restart 扩展安装 apt install php8.1-mysql php8.1-gd php8.1-zip php8.1-xml nginx与PHP配合使用: server { server_name demo.com; root /var/www/demo/; index index.php index.html; access_log /var/log/nginx/demo.com.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/demo.com.error.log notice; location ~ \.php$ { include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf; fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock; } }
注意: 在Windows的vhost文件中添加域名映射 127.0.0.1 demo.com
更多参考安装:
apt install -y php8.2-cli php8.2-dev php8.2-pgsql php8.2-sqlite3 php8.2-gd php8.2-curl php8.2-imap \
php8.2-mysql php8.2-mbstring php8.2-xml php8.2-zip php8.2-bcmath php8.2-soap php8.2-intl php8.2-readline \
php8.2-ldap php8.2-msgpack php8.2-igbinary php8.2-redis php8.2-swoole php8.2-memcached php8.2-pcov \
php8.2-fpm php8.2-gmp php8.2-imagick php8.2-mcrypt php8.2-uuid php8.2-yaml
安装其他版本PHP,例如php7.4
add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
apt update
apt install php7.4 php7.4-fpm php7.4-bcmath php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-mbstring php7.4-mysql php7.4-opcache php7.4-xml php7.4-zip php7.4-redis
php.7.2
apt install php7.2 php7.2-mysql php7.2-fpm php7.2-curl php7.2-xml php7.2-gd php7.2-mbstring php-memcached php7.2-zip
常见问题:
无法启动php-fpm, 查看/usr/sbin/php-fpm没有安装成功, 重新安装发现错误:
You are seeing this message because you have apache2 package installed.
解决: 原因是已经安装了apache2的包, 所以为了后面使用NGINX,即卸载apache2
apt-get purge apache2 apt autoremove apt autoclean 然后重新安装php-fpm即可
6.安装composer
wget https://getcomposer.org/composer.phar mv composer.phar composer chmod +x composer mv composer /usr/local/bin/
# 加速
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/
# 去除使用root执行命令的提示
vim /etc/environment
文字
export COMPOSER_ALLOW_SUPERUSER=1
source /etc/environment
7.安装Redis5
apt install redis # 配置文件 /etc/redis/redis.conf # 启动 /etc/init.d/redis-server start
下载内核更新包:
根据自己的系统选择：
x64：https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi
arm64：https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_arm64.msi
8.安装docker
1)更新源
$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
2)卸载老版本
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io
3)安装
a.安装系统工具 $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common b.安装GPG证书 curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - c.写入软件源信息 $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" d.更新并安装Docker-CE $ sudo apt-get -y update $ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce # 安装指定版本 # Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本: $ apt-cache madison docker-ce docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages # Step 2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION 如上 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial) $ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]
4)镜像加速
$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker $ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://irnlfwui.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl restart docker
5)验证
$ sudo docker --version Docker version 17.12.1-ce, build 7390fc6 $ sudo docker version Client: Version: 17.12.1-ce API version: 1.35 Go version: go1.9.4 Git commit: 7390fc6 Built: Tue Feb 27 22:17:40 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Engine: Version: 17.12.1-ce API version: 1.35 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.9.4 Git commit: 7390fc6 Built: Tue Feb 27 22:16:13 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false $ sudo docker info Containers: 3 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 3 Images: 6 ...
注意点:
1.这里可能会启动发生错误, 显示systemctl无法使用, 只能使用service的命令方式
2.启动成功, 但是查看状态却是失败的, 查看日志 tail /var/log/docker.log
G: Module nf_nat not found in directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-19041-Microsoft`, error: exit status 1" time="2023-07-13T14:11:42.815141600+08:00" level=warning msg="Running modprobe xt_conntrack failed with message: `modprobe: WARNING: Module xt_conntrack not found in directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-19041-Microsoft`, error: exit status 1" Error starting daemon: Error initializing network controller: error obtaining controller instance: failed to create NAT chain DOCKER: iptables failed: iptables -t nat -N DOCKER: iptables v1.6.1: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. (exit status 3)
解决:
1.禁用iptables dockerd --iptables=false
2.使用管理员身份打开Ubuntu. 重点!!! 重新执行启动docker服务即可
9, 安装nodejs
NodeSource提供的官方包)
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash - &&\ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
apt)
sudo apt update sudo apt install nodejs #不自带 npm 需要自行安装 sudo apt install npm # 升级 npm sudo npm install npm -g # 使用n进行版本管理 sudo npm install n -g # 下载最新稳定版 sudo n stable # 下载最新版 sudo n lastest # 查看已下载的版本 sudo n ls # 切换 Node 版本 sudo n 18.21.1
常用命令：
1.查看已经安装的分发版本 wsl --list --all 2.查看正在运行的版本 wls --list --all 3.删除指定版本 wls --unregister <版本名称>
4.升级版本
wsl --set-version Ubuntu 2
5.查看在线可使用版本
wsl --list --online
ubuntu中查看wsl版本: cat /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease
5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 // 是wsl2版本
常见问题:
1. pkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem”
apt-get install 报错
解决:
1.切换目录 cd /var/lib/dpkg/updates 2.删除目录下文件 rm -rf * 3.升级 sudo apt-get upgrade 4.再更新 sudo apt-get update
