编译型语言、脚本语言与标记语言的区别和联系
- 编译型语言的首先将源代码编译生成机器语言，再由机器运行机器码（二进制）。如C/C++、C#、Java等都是编译型语言。
- 解释型语言：程序不需要编译，程序在运行时才翻译成机器语言，每执行一次都要翻译一次。因此效率比较低。比如Python、Matlab，专门有一个解释器能够直接执行Matlab程序，每个语句都是执行的时候才翻译。
- 脚本语言介于HTML和C,C++,Java,C#等编程语言之间。HTML通常用于格式化和链接文本。而编程语言通常用于向机器发出一系列复杂的指令。脚本语言是一种解释性的语言,,它不像c\c++等可以编译成二进制代码,以可执行文件的形式存在，脚本语言不需要编译，可以直接用，由解释器来负责解释。常见的脚本语言JavaScript、Nuva、Perl、PHP、Python、Ruby、Tcl、VBScript、CSS。相对于编译型计算机编程语言：用脚本语言开发的程序在执行时，由其所对应的解释器（或称虚拟机）解释执行。系统程序设计语言是被预先编译成机器语言而执行的。脚本语言的主要特征是：程序代码即是脚本程序，亦是最终可执行文件。脚本语言可分为独立型和嵌入型，独立型脚本语言在其执行时完全依赖于解释器，而嵌入型脚本语言通常在编程语言中（如C，C++，VB，Java等）被嵌入使用。网页中的嵌入式脚本语言。熟知的HTML(Hyper Text Mark-up Language)即超文本标记语言，就是一种脚本语言，它的解释器就是浏览器。JavaScript直到现在仍然是网页浏览器内的主要编程语言，它的ECMAScript标准化保证了它成为流行的通用嵌入式脚本语言。另外，随着动态网页技术发展，ASP、JSP、PHP等嵌入网页的脚本语言正被广泛使用，不过这些脚本要通过Web Server解释,而HTML则被浏览器执行。
- 标记语言，如：HTML、XML，是一种将文本以及文本相关的其他信息结合起来，展现出关于文档结构和数据处理细节的电脑文字编码。与文本相关的其他信息（包括文本的结构和表示信息等）与原来的文本结合在一起，但是使用标记进行标识。
开发平台
IDE(Integrated Development Environment)集成开发环境
是用于提供程序开发环境的应用程序，一般包括代码编辑器、编译器、调试器和图形用户界面工具。有具备这一特性的软件或者软件套（组）都可以叫集成开发环境。如微软的Visual Studio系列，Borland的C++ Builder、Delphi系列,Eclipse和NetBeans这类开放源代码IDE等。
SDK(SoftBware DevelopCment Kit）软件开发工具包
例如，JDK就是一种SDK。
以下来源：http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/software-technology/difference-between-sdk-and-ide/
Difference Between SDK and IDE
SDK vs IDE
If you want to take a stab at programming, there are probably a few things you need to get first. These things include an SDK and an IDE. An SDK is very different from an IDE. SDK stands for Software Development Kit; this is a bundle of software that you will need in order to create programs for a specific programming language. The kit contains compilers, debuggers, documentations, and other files that may help you. In contrast, IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment, which provides a user interface that integrates all the necessary components needed in programming. You can write and debug your code in the IDE then run it as it is able to execute the debugger and compiler with your code.
The actual contents of an SDK vary from one to the other. Some SDKs have a dedicated IDE that you can use right out of the box. So you no longer need to worry about getting one. On the other hand, some SDKs do not include an IDE. You can download one for yourself or just use a text editor to write your code. This illustrates that an IDE is not really an essential component in programming. It simply makes programming easier and more convenient for the programmer. This is unlike an SDK, which is absolutely essential in coding and debugging your program.
For those that do not provide their own IDE along with the SDK, you have the freedom to download and install any compatible IDE. Most IDEs that are available for download nowadays work with or have separate versions for different programming languages. This is quite good since you can choose one that you are most comfortable with; especially if you’ve been using that IDE in programming for other platforms.
Both the SDK and IDE are important if you want to code programs properly and efficiently. Although some SDKs allow the use of a text editor for coding, it isn’t really advised since you wouldn’t have the tools like automatic notifications on typos and the like.
Summary:
- An SDK provides the tools for programming while an IDE only provides an interface
- Some SDKs already include an IDE
- An SDK is necessary for programming while an IDE is only optional
- There are a lot of IDEs to choose from but not the SDK
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