为k8s集群操作命令设置别名（Alias），大大提高简化操作，提高效率
背景：
越来越多的企业投入K8S集群并使用，但相对复杂的集群操作命令又不熟悉。到了需要操作的时候，却记不住命令，百度？或者问AI？不用！今天教你一招，为K8S集群常见命令设置别名（你愿意让它叫什么就叫什么，当然linux环境下，需要是英文的，哈哈哈）。下次，用你自己设置的别名来运行命令，总不会记不住了吧？
一、这里先解释一下别名设置规则格式： alias（设置别名的命令） k（你要设置成的名称）="kubectl"（K8S集群中操作命令）
类如如下：
alias k="kubectl" # 将kubectl 命令设置成别名K
alias kgp="kubectl get pods" 将kubectl get pods 命令设置成别名kgp
alias kgd="kubectl get deployment" 将kubectl get deployment 命令设置成别名kgd
alias kdp="kubectl describe pod" 将kubectl describe pod 命令设置成别名kdp
alias klf="kubectl logs -f --tail=100" 将kubectl logs -f --tail=100命令设置成别名klf
二、理解了之后，我们就可以将这些文件复制到 Shell 的配置文件下。
不同终端对应的配置文件不同：
Bash：默认配置文件为用户目录下的 ~/.bashrc（临时用户）或 /etc/bashrc（全局所有用户，需 root 权限）。
Zsh：默认配置文件为 ~/.zshrc（临时用户）或 /etc/zshrc（全局用户）
三、如何确认自己的默认终端呢？使用 echo $SHELL 命令即可。
结果说明：
输出 /bin/bash 或 /usr/bin/bash → Bash
输出 /bin/zsh 或 /usr/bin/zsh → Zsh
root@master1:~# echo $SHELL
/bin/bash
可以看到我使用的bash.
四、接下来就进入etc目录，看到有一个bash.bashrc 文件，查看一下。
root@master1:/etc# cat bash.bashrc
# System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells.
# To enable the settings / commands in this file for login shells as well,
# this file has to be sourced in /etc/profile.
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize
# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
# set a fancy prompt (non-color, overwrite the one in /etc/profile)
# but only if not SUDOing and have SUDO_PS1 set; then assume smart user.
if ! [ -n "${SUDO_USER}" -a -n "${SUDO_PS1}" ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
# Commented out, don't overwrite xterm -T "title" -n "icontitle" by default.
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
#case "$TERM" in
#xterm*|rxvt*)
# PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
# ;;
#*)
# ;;
#esac
# enable bash completion in interactive shells
#if ! shopt -oq posix; then
# if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
# . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
# elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
# fi
#fi
# sudo hint
if [ ! -e "$HOME/.sudo_as_admin_successful" ] && [ ! -e "$HOME/.hushlogin" ] ; then
case " $(groups) " in *\ admin\ *|*\ sudo\ *)
if [ -x /usr/bin/sudo ]; then
cat <<-EOF
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
EOF
fi
esac
fi
# if the command-not-found package is installed, use it
if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found -o -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then
function command_not_found_handle {
# check because c-n-f could've been removed in the meantime
if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found ]; then
/usr/lib/command-not-found -- "$1"
return $?
elif [ -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then
/usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found -- "$1"
return $?
else
printf "%s: command not found\n" "$1" >&2
return 127
fi
}
fi
export PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a; $PROMPT_COMMAND"
五、确定就是它了。直接在末尾添加以上设置好的别名，其余不用修改。
root@master1:~# vi /etc/bash.bashrc
六、wq保存退出
七、查看确定保存成功。
root@master1:~# cat /etc/bash.bashrc
# System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells.
# To enable the settings / commands in this file for login shells as well,
# this file has to be sourced in /etc/profile.
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize
# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
# set a fancy prompt (non-color, overwrite the one in /etc/profile)
# but only if not SUDOing and have SUDO_PS1 set; then assume smart user.
if ! [ -n "${SUDO_USER}" -a -n "${SUDO_PS1}" ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
# Commented out, don't overwrite xterm -T "title" -n "icontitle" by default.
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
#case "$TERM" in
#xterm*|rxvt*)
# PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
# ;;
#*)
# ;;
#esac
# enable bash completion in interactive shells
#if ! shopt -oq posix; then
# if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
# . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
# elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
# fi
#fi
# sudo hint
if [ ! -e "$HOME/.sudo_as_admin_successful" ] && [ ! -e "$HOME/.hushlogin" ] ; then
case " $(groups) " in *\ admin\ *|*\ sudo\ *)
if [ -x /usr/bin/sudo ]; then
cat <<-EOF
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
EOF
fi
esac
fi
# if the command-not-found package is installed, use it
if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found -o -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then
function command_not_found_handle {
# check because c-n-f could've been removed in the meantime
if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found ]; then
/usr/lib/command-not-found -- "$1"
return $?
elif [ -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then
/usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found -- "$1"
return $?
else
printf "%s: command not found\n" "$1" >&2
return 127
fi
}
fi
export PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a; $PROMPT_COMMAND"
alias k="kubectl"
alias kgp="kubectl get pods"
alias kgd="kubectl get deployment"
alias kdp="kubectl describe pod"
alias klf="kubectl logs -f --tail=100"
九、刷新使得命令生效（这一步非常关键） source /etc/bash.bashrc
十、验证
root@master1:~# kgp -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
alertmanager alertmanager-8488977f69-5dvgx 1/1 Running 15 (24h ago) 26d
grafana grafata-d85c5cd6d-sxqdm 1/1 Running 16 (24h ago) 28d
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-97d84d657-xmdws 1/1 Running 55 (24h ago) 90d
kube-system calico-node-4qrzw 1/1 Init:ErrImagePull 30 (24h ago) 85d
kube-system coredns-56f48d697c-4j6zn 1/1 Running 0 24h
kube-system coredns-56f48d697c-pvgf8 1/1 Running 23 (24h ago) 20d
kube-system etcd-master1 1/1 Running 33 (24h ago) 90d
kube-system kube-apiserver-master1 1/1 Running 100 (24h ago) 90d
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master1 1/1 Running 688 39d
kube-system kube-proxy-tpj77 1/1 Running 32 (24h ago) 90d
kube-system kube-scheduler-master1 1/1 Running 653 (24h ago) 90d
kubesphere-system extensions-museum-6579984bcb-lmz7j 1/1 Running 32 (24h ago) 90d
kubesphere-system ks-apiserver-68c485447d-22pqp 1/1 Running 32 (24h ago) 90d
kubesphere-system ks-console-85964f7cff-9tl47 1/1 Running 0 24h
kubesphere-system ks-controller-manager-7b9c699cd5-8j7kd 1/1 Running 132 (24h ago) 26d
prometheus prometheus-785b95f9b-kmx9m 1/1 Running 8 (24h ago) 20d
解释：因为之前设置了别名 alias kgp="kubectl get pods" ，所以kgp -A 就等同于 kubectl get pods -A 命令
root@master1:~# kdp grafata-d85c5cd6d-sxqdm -n grafana
Name: grafata-d85c5cd6d-sxqdm
Namespace: grafana
Priority: 0
Service Account: default
Node: master1/10.0.12.11
Start Time: Wed, 06 Aug 2025 12:24:59 +0800
Labels: app=grafata
pod-template-hash=d85c5cd6d
Annotations: cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: eed22f2109933c053c910e8b33665c44b6fd34440e73c1df7da2773b37710947
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.137.90/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.137.90/32
kubesphere.io/creator: admin
kubesphere.io/imagepullsecrets: {}
logging.kubesphere.io/logsidecar-config: {}
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.137.90
IPs:
IP: 10.244.137.90
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/grafata-d85c5cd6d
Containers:
container-1b2ci1:
Container ID: containerd://361702fda8bb4f1511c316dab02df06898710ef78054084eacd8b6fb36d88632
Image: crpi-.cn-shanghai.personal.cr.aliyuncs.com//grafana:9.5.7-ubuntu
Image ID: sha256:65e9e577f20d091ad3a4300f3ec72ec37eecb3bb13915265de3738996536e63d
Port: 3000/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Tue, 02 Sep 2025 14:51:45 +0800
Last State: Terminated
Reason: Unknown
Exit Code: 255
Started: Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:16:16 +0800
Finished: Tue, 02 Sep 2025 14:51:14 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 16
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/etc/grafana/grafana.ini from grafana-config-volume (rw,path="grafana.ini")
/var/lib/grafana from volume-k91lh1 (rw)
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-nqjjl (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
DisruptionTarget False
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
volume-k91lh1:
Type: PersistentVolumeClaim (a reference to a PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace)
ClaimName: grafana-pvc
ReadOnly: false
grafana-config-volume:
Type: ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
Name: grafana-config
Optional: false
kube-api-access-nqjjl:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional: <nil>
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events: <none>
root@master1:~#
解释：
因为之前设定了alias kdp="kubectl describe pod"，所以kdp grafata-d85c5cd6d-sxqdm -n grafana 等同于 kubectl describe pod grafata-d85c5cd6d-sxqdm -n grafana 命令。
root@master1:~# kgd -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
alertmanager alertmanager 1/1 1 1 28d
grafana grafata 1/1 1 1 39d
kube-system calico-kube-controllers 1/1 1 1 90d
kube-system coredns 2/2 2 2 90d
kubesphere-system extensions-museum 1/1 1 1 90d
kubesphere-system ks-apiserver 1/1 1 1 90d
kubesphere-system ks-console 1/1 1 1 90d
kubesphere-system ks-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 90d
prometheus prometheus 1/1 1 1 39d
解释：因为之前设置了别名alias kgd="kubectl get deployment"，所以 kgd -A 等同于 kubectl get deployment -A命令。
怎么样？是不是学会了。是不是大大提高了运维效率？
至少我觉得是，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
浙公网安备 33010602011771号