How to use the powermetrics shell command to check for power information on macOS?

How to use the powermetrics shell command to check for power information on macOS?

如何使用 powermetrics shell 命令检查 macOS 的电源信息？

powermetrics

收集并显示CPU和功耗统计信息。

Syntax
      powermetrics [-i sample_interval_ms] [-r order] [-t wakeup_cost]
         [-o output_file] [-n sample_count]

Options
   -a N, --poweravg N
             Display poweravg every N samples (0=disabled) [default: 10]

   -b size, --buffer-size size
             Set output buffer size (0=none, 1=line)

   -f format, --format format
             Display data in specified format [default: text]

             [text]    human-readable text output
             [plist]   machine-readable property list, NUL-separated

   -h, --help
             Print help: sort orders, output formats and samplers available on your machine.

   -i N, --sample-rate N
             # Sample every N ms (0=disabled) [default: 5000ms] ✅

   -n N, --sample-count N
             Obtain N periodic samples (0=infinite) [default: 0]

   -o file, --output-file file
             # Output to file instead of stdout.

   -r method, --order method
             Order process list using specified method [default: composite]

             [pid]        process identifier
             [wakeups]    total package idle wakeups (alias: -W)
             [cputime]    total CPU time used (alias: -C)
             [composite]  energy number, see --show-process-energy (alias: -O)

   -s samplers, --samplers samplers
             Comma separated list of samplers and sampler groups.
             Run with -h to see a list of samplers and sampler groups.
             Specifying "default" will display the default set, and specifying "all" will
             display all supported samplers.

   -t N, --wakeup-cost N
             Assume package idle wakeups have a CPU time cost of N us when using hybrid sort
             orders using idle wakeups with time-based metrics

   --show-all
             Enables all samplers and displays all the available information for each sampler.

   --hide-cpu-duty-cycle
             Hide CPU duty cycle data.

   --show-cpu-qos
             Show per cpu QOS breakdowns.

   --show-initial-usage
             Print initial sample for entire uptime.

   --show-process-coalition
             Group processes by coalitions and show per coalition information.
             Processes that have exited during the sample will still have their time billed to
             the coalition, making this useful for disambiguating DEAD_TASK time.

   --show-plimits
             Show plimits, forced idle and RMBS. Only available on certain hardware.

   --show-process-energy
             Show per-process energy impact number. This number is a rough proxy for the total
             energy the process uses, including CPU, GPU, disk io and networking. The weighting
             of each is platform specific.
             Enabling this implicitly enables sampling of all the above per-process statistics.

   --show-process-gpu
             Show per-process gpu time. This is only available on certain hardware.

   --show-process-io
             Show per-process io information

   --show-process-ipc
             Show per-process Instructions and cycles on ARM machines.
             Use with --show-process-amp to show cluster stats.

   --show-process-qos
             Show QOS times aggregated by process.
             Per thread information is not available.

   --show-process-qos-tiers
             Show per-process qos latency and throughput tier.

   --show-process-netstats
          Show per-process network information.

   --show-process-samp-norm
             Show CPU time normailzed by the sample window, rather than the process start time.
             For example a process that launched 1 second before the end of a 5 second sample
             window and ran continuously until the end of the window will show up as 200 ms/s
             here and 1000 ms/s in the regular column.

   --show-process-wait-times
             Show per-process sfi wait time info.

   --show-pstates
             Show pstate distribution. Only available on certain hardware.

   --show-responsible-pid
             Show responsible pid for xpc services and parent pid.

   --show-usage-summary
             Print final usage summary when exiting.
powermetrics gathers and display CPU usage statistics (divided into time spent in user mode and supervisor mode), timer and interrupt wakeup frequency (total and, for near-idle workloads, those that resulted in package idle exits), and on supported platforms, interrupt frequencies (categorized by CPU number), package C-state statistics (an indication of the time the core complex + integrated graphics, if any, were in low-power idle states), CPU frequency distribution during the sample.

The tool may also display estimated power consumed by various SoC subsystems, such as CPU, GPU, ANE (Apple Neural Engine).

Note: Average power values reported by powermetrics are estimated and may be inaccurate - hence they should not be used for any
comparison between devices, but can be used to help optimize apps for energy efficiency.

Changes in system time and sleep/wake can cause minor inaccuracies in reported cpu time.

Guidelines for energy reduction

CPU time, deadlines and interrupt wakeups: Lower is better
Interrupt counts: Lower is better
C-state residency: Higher is better

https://ss64.com/mac/powermetrics.html#:~:text=powermetrics

demos

# List the most recent processes:
$ sudo powermetrics --samplers tasks --show-process-coalition --show-process-gpu -n 1 -i 500

# List the thermal pressure:
$ sudo powermetrics --samplers thermal -n 1 -i 1

# Retrieve gpu_power stats 3 times, once every second:
$ sudo powermetrics --samplers gpu_power -n 3 -i 1000

# Retrieve network stats 3 times, once every second:
$ sudo powermetrics --samplers network -n 3 -i 1000

# List the other samplers available:
$ sudo -h

SMC version: Unknown

$ sudo powermetrics --samplers smc
Password:
unable to get smc values
Machine model: Macmini8,1
SMC version: Unknown
EFI version: 2075.4.0
OS version: 24G84
Boot arguments: 
Boot time: Tue Aug 12 23:35:55 2025



*** Sampled system activity (Fri Aug 15 13:31:04 2025 +0800) (5001.11ms elapsed) ***
# ...

2019 款 Mac mini 没有 SMC ❓

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x-man-page

x-man-page://powermetrics

refs

# 每秒采样⼀次 SMC 和 CPU 电源数据，并持续 60 秒，将结果保存到 power_log.txt ⽂件中
$ sudo powermetrics --samplers smc cpu_power --sample-interval 1 -i 60 > power_log.txt

# --sample-interval
$ sudo powermetrics --samplers smc cpu_power --sample-interval 1 -i 60 > power_log.md

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/9392804345

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