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Java RestTemplate传递参数

最近使用Spring 的 RestTemplate 工具类请求接口的时候发现参数传递的一个坑,也就是当我们把参数封装在Map里面的时候,Map 的类型选择。 使用RestTemplate post请求的时候主要可以通过三种方式实现
    1、调用postForObject方法  2、使用postForEntity方法 3、调用exchange方法
    postForObject和postForEntity方法的区别主要在于可以在postForEntity方法中设置header的属性,当需要指定header的属性值的时候,使用postForEntity方法。exchange方法和postForEntity类似,但是更灵活,exchange还可以调用get、put、delete请求。使用这三种方法调用post请求传递参数,Map不能定义为以下两种类型(url使用占位符进行参数传递时除外
Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();

Map<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();

   经过测试,我发现这两种map里面的参数都不能被后台接收到,这个问题困扰我两天,终于,当我把Map类型换成LinkedMultiValueMap后,参数成功传递到后台。

MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();

  注:HashMap是以请求体传递,MultiValueMap是表单传递。

  经过测试,正确的POST传参方式如下

public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://192.168.2.40:8081/channel/channelHourData/getHourNewUserData";
        // 封装参数,千万不要替换为Map与HashMap,否则参数无法传递
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
        paramMap.add("dt", "20180416");

        // 1、使用postForObject请求接口
        String result = template.postForObject(url, paramMap, String.class);
        System.out.println("result1==================" + result);

        // 2、使用postForEntity请求接口
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(paramMap,headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> response2 = template.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
        System.out.println("result2====================" + response2.getBody());

        // 3、使用exchange请求接口
        ResponseEntity<String> response3 = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, String.class);
        System.out.println("result3====================" + response3.getBody());
}

  补充:POST传参对象

     @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    private String url="http://localhost:8080/users";

    public Integer save(User user){
        Map<String,String> map = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, Map.class);
        if(map.get("result").equals("success")){
            //添加成功
            return 1;
        }
        return -1;
    }

     //这是访问的controller方法   
    @RequestMapping(value = "users",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Map<String,String> save(@RequestBody User user){
        Integer save = userService.save(user);
        Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();
        if(save>0){
            map.put("result","success");
            return map;
        }
        map.put("result","error");
        return map;
    }

  ps:post请求也可以通过占位符的方式进行传参(类似get),但是看起来不优雅,推荐使用文中的方式。

GET方式传参说明

如果是get请求,又想要把参数封装到map里面进行传递的话,Map需要使用HashMap,且url需要使用占位符,如下:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate2 = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8081/interact/getData?dt={dt}&ht={ht}";
  
        // 封装参数,这里是HashMap
	Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
	paramMap.put("dt", "20181116");
	paramMap.put("ht", "10");

	//1、使用getForObject请求接口
	String result1 = template.getForObject(url, String.class, paramMap);
	System.out.println("result1====================" + result1);

	//2、使用exchange请求接口
	HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
	headers.set("id", "lidy");
	HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(null,headers);
	ResponseEntity<String> response2 = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class,paramMap);
	System.out.println("result2====================" + response2.getBody());
}

  

    RestTemplate提供的delete()和put()方法都没有返回值,但是我要调用的接口是有返回值的,网上的资料很多都是写的调用exchange()方法来实现,但是基本上都没有给出完整实例,导致我在参考他们的代码的时候会出现参数无法传递的问题,目前我已经解决该问题,现将我的解决方法分享出来
       我同样是使用exchange()方法来实现,但是url有讲究,需要像使用exchange方法调用get请求一样,使用占位符
       delete请求实例,请求方式使用 HttpMethod.DELETE(resultful风格使用占位符)
    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public String delete(Long id) {
        StringBuffer url = new StringBuffer(baseUrl)
                .append("/user/delete/{id}");
 
        Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
        paramMap.put("id", id);
 
        ResponseEntity<String > response = restTemplate.exchange(url.toString(), HttpMethod.DELETE, null, String .class, paramMap);
        String result = response.getBody();

        return result;
    }

  补充:resultful风格直接拼接url

    //负责调用provider的方法,获取数据
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    //在provider端资源的路径
    private String url="http://localhost:8080/details";    

    public String deleteDetail(Integer id){
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url + "/" + id, HttpMethod.DELETE, null, String.class);
        String result = response.getBody();
        return result;
    }

    //被调用的controller方法
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value = "details/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String deleteDetail(@PathVariable Integer id){
        Integer integer = detailService.deleteDetail(id);
        if(integer>0){
            return "success";
        }
        return "error";
    }

    

  不是resultful风格可以使用占位符

 
private String url="http://localhost:8080/details?id={id}";

public String deleteDetail(Integer id){
        
        Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
        paramMap.put("id", id);
        ResponseEntity<String > response = restTemplate.exchange(url.toString(), HttpMethod.DELETE, null, String .class, paramMap);
        String result = response.getBody();
        return result;
    }

  

put请求实例,请求方式使用 HttpMethod.PUT

    /**
     * 更新用户基础信息
     * @param userInfoDTO
     * @return
     */
    public String edit(UserInfoDTO userInfoDTO) {
        StringBuffer url = new StringBuffer(baseUrl)
                .append("/user/edit?tmp=1")
                .append("&id={id}")
                .append("&userName={userName}")
                .append("&nickName={nickName}")
                .append("&realName={realName}")
                .append("&sex={sex}")
                .append("&birthday={birthday}");

        Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
        paramMap.put("userId", userInfoDTO.getId());
        paramMap.put("userName", userInfoDTO.getUserName());
        paramMap.put("nickName", userInfoDTO.getNickName());
        paramMap.put("realName", userInfoDTO.getRealName());
        paramMap.put("sex", userInfoDTO.getSex());
        paramMap.put("birthday", userInfoDTO.getBirthday());
 
        ResponseEntity<String > response = restTemplate.exchange(url.toString(), HttpMethod.PUT, null, String .class, paramMap);
        String result = response.getBody();
        return result;

    }
 
  再次补充exchange()传参对象:
    //测试post的controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "detailsPost",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String test02(@RequestBody Detail detail){
        System.out.println("POST-"+detail);
        return "error";
    }
    //测试put的controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "detailsPut",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String test03(@RequestBody Detail detail){
        System.out.println("PUT-"+detail);
        return "error";
    }
    //测试delete的controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "detailsDelete",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String test04(@RequestBody Detail detail){
        System.out.println("DELETE-"+detail);
        return "error";
    }


    //测试方法
    public String test(){
        //put传递对象
        //String json = "{\"author\":\"zsw\",\"createdate\":1582010438846,\"id\":1,\"summary\":\"牡丹\",\"title\":\"菏泽\"}";
        //HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        //headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        //HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<>(json,headers);
        //ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsPut", HttpMethod.PUT, entity, String.class);

        //delete传递对象
        Detail detail=new Detail();
        detail.setId(1L);
        detail.setSummary("牡丹");
        detail.setTitle("菏泽");
        detail.setAuthor("zsw");
        detail.setCreatedate(new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()));
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Detail> entity = new HttpEntity<>(detail,headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsDelete", HttpMethod.DELETE, entity, String.class);

        String result = resp.getBody();
        System.out.println(result);
        return result;
    }

  delete请求和上面一样,但是get不行,直接报错400。好像是get不支持这种传参。https://blog.belonk.com/c/http_resttemplate_get_with_body.htm 和这大哥的情况一样,但是他的解决方案我没搞明白,so 如有大佬还望指点一下老弟,不胜感激。

  exchange()传递单个参数可以使用占位符:

 

        //post传递单参
//        ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsPostD?id={id}&name={name}", HttpMethod.POST, null, String.class,1,"zsw");
        //put传递单参
        Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
        map.put("id",1);
        map.put("name","zsw");
        ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsPutD?id={id}&name={name}", HttpMethod.PUT, null, String.class,map);

  get、post、put、delete请求通用。

 

 

 
posted @ 2020-02-18 14:55  威威超酷  阅读(21385)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报