RabbitMQ入门实战(3)--SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

Spring AMQP是基于Spring框架的AMQ 消息解决方案,提供模板化发送和接收消息的抽象层,提供基于消息驱动的POJO。本文主要介绍在SpringBoot中用Spring AMQP操作RabbitMQ,文中使用到的软件版本:RabbitMQ 3.8.9、SpringBoot 2.2.5.RELEASE、Java 1.8.0_191。

1、Spring AMQP简介

1.1、Spring AMQP主要对象类及作用

作用
Queue 对应RabbitMQ中Queue
AmqpTemplate 接口,用于向RabbitMQ发送和接收Message
RabbitTemplate AmqpTemplate的实现类
@RabbitListener 指定消息接收方,可以配置在类和方法上
@RabbitHandler 指定消息接收方,只能配置在方法上,可以与@RabbitListener一起使用
Message 对RabbitMQ消息的封装
Exchange 对RabbitMQ的Exchange的封装,子类有TopicExchange、FanoutExchange和DirectExchange等
Binding 将一个Queue绑定到某个Exchange,本身只是一个声明,并不做实际绑定操作
AmqpAdmin 接口,用于Exchange和Queue的管理,比如创建/删除/绑定等,自动检查Binding类并完成绑定操作
RabbitAdmin AmqpAdmin的实现类
ConnectionFactory

创建Connection的工厂类,RabbitMQ也有一个名为ConnectionFactory的类但二者没有继承关系,

Spring ConnectionFactory可以认为是对RabbitMQ ConnectionFactory的封装

CachingConnectionFactory Spring ConnectionFactory的实现类,可以用于缓存Channel和Connection
Connection

Spring中用于创建Channel的连接类,RabbitMQ也有一个名为Connection的类,

但二者没有继承关系,Spring Connection是对RabbitMQ Connection的封装

SimpleConnection Spring Connection的实现类,将实际工作代理给RabbitMQ的Connection类
MessageListenerContainer 接口,消费端负责与RabbitMQ服务器保持连接并将Message传递给实际的@RabbitListener/@RabbitHandler处理
RabbitListenerContainerFactory 接口,用于创建MessageListenerContainer
SimpleMessageListenerContainer MessageListenerContainer的实现类
SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory RabbitListenerContainerFactory的实现类
RabbitProperties 用于配置Spring AMQP的Property类


1.2、Spring AMQP主要参数

参数 默认值 说明
基础信息    
spring.rabbitmq.host localhost 主机
spring.rabbitmq.port 5672 端口
spring.rabbitmq.username guest 用户名
spring.rabbitmq.password guest 密码
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host   虚拟主机
spring.rabbitmq.addresses   server的地址列表(以逗号分隔),配置了该项将忽略spring.rabbitmq.host和spring.rabbitmq.port
spring.rabbitmq.requested-heartbeat   请求心跳超时时间,0表示不指定;如果后面没加时间单位默认为秒
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type none

发布确认类型,none、correlated、simple

该配置只管有无投递到exchange,而不管有无发送到队列当中

spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns false 是否启用发布返回
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout   连接超时时间,0表示永不超时
缓存cache    
spring.rabbitmq.cache.channel.checkout-timeout   如果已达到channel缓存大小,等待获取channel的时间。 如果为0,则始终创建一个新channel。
spring.rabbitmq.cache.channel.size   缓存中保持的channel数量
spring.rabbitmq.cache.connection.size   缓存的connection数,只有是CONNECTION模式时生效
spring.rabbitmq.cache.connection.mode channel 连接工厂缓存模式
Listener    
spring.rabbitmq.listener.type simple 容器类型,simple或direct
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.auto-startup true 应用启动时是否启动容器
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode auto 消息确认方式,none、manual和auto
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency   listener最小消费者数
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency   listener最大消费者数
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch   一个消费者最多可处理的nack消息数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.default-requeue-rejected true 被拒绝的消息是否重新入队
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.missing-queues-fatal true 如果容器声明的队列不可用,是否失败;或如果在运行时删除一个或多个队列,是否停止容器
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.idle-event-interval   空闲容器事件应多久发布一次
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled false 是否开启消费者重试
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.max-attempts 3 最大重试次数
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.max-interval 10000ms 最大重试间隔
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.initial-interval 1000ms 第一次和第二次尝试发送消息的时间间隔
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.multiplier 1.0 应用于前一个重试间隔的乘数
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.stateless true 重试是无状态还是有状态
     
spring.rabbitmq.listener.direct.consumers-per-queue   每个队列消费者数量
direct类型listener其他参数同simple类型    
Template    
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory false

消息在没有被队列接收时是否退回,与spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns类似,
该配置优先级高于spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns

spring.rabbitmq.template.receive-timeout   receive() 操作的超时时间
spring.rabbitmq.template.reply-timeout   sendAndReceive() 操作的超时时间
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled false 发送消息是否重试
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.max-attempts 3.0 发送消息最大重试次数
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.initial-interval 1000ms 第一次和第二次尝试发送消息的时间间隔
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.multiplier 1.0 应用于前一个重试间隔的乘数
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.max-interval 10000ms 最大重试间隔

2、SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

2.1、引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.2、增加rabbit配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 10.49.196.10
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /
    username: guest
    password: guest
    publisher-confirm-type: simple #消息发送确认模式 none、correlated、simple;Confirm模式只管有无投递到exchange,而不管有无发送到队列当中
    publisher-returns: true #当消息未投递到queue时消息退是否回
    template:
      mandatory: true #消息在没有被队列接收时是否退回,与spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns类似,该配置优先级高于spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns
    listener:
      type: simple #容器类型
      simple:
        acknowledge-mode: manual #消息消费确认模式

2.3、配置类

package com.abc.demo.general.rabbit.springboot;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    public static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange.log";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue.file";

    /**
     * 声明direct类型交换机
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("exchangeLog")
    public Exchange exchange() {
        return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();
    }

    /**
     * 声明队列
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("queueFile")
    public Queue queue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_NAME).build();
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     * @param queue
     * @param exchange
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingWarn(@Qualifier("queueFile") Queue queue, @Qualifier("exchangeLog") Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("warn").noargs();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding bindingInfo(@Qualifier("queueFile") Queue queue, @Qualifier("exchangeLog") Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("info").noargs();
    }
}

2.4、生产者

package com.abc.demo.general.rabbit.springboot;


import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Producer implements InitializingBean {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Producer.class);

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    private static int index = 0;

    @Scheduled(cron = "0/5 * * * * *")
    public void sendMsg() {
        String msg = "消息-" + index++;
        logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
        String routingKey = "";
        if (index % 3 == 0) {
            routingKey = "warn";
        } else if(index % 3 == 1) {
            routingKey = "info";
        }  else {
            routingKey = "debug";
        }

        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, msg);
    }

    /**
     * 发送消息确认
     * spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
     */
    //@Scheduled(cron = "0/5 * * * * *")
    public void sendMsgConfirmCorrelated() {
        index++;
        String msg = "消息-" + index;
        logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
        String routingKey = "";
        if (index % 3 == 0) {
            routingKey = "warn";
        } else if(index % 3 == 1) {
            routingKey = "info";
        }  else {
            routingKey = "debug";
        }
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
            if (ack) {
                logger.info("消息:{},发送成功。", correlationData);
            } else {
                logger.info("消息:{},发送失败。原因:{}", correlationData, cause);
            }
        });

        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData();
        correlationData.setId(index + "");
        //用不存在的exchange测试
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME + "2", routingKey, msg, correlationData);
    }

    /**
     * 发送消息确认
     * spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=simple
     */
    //@Scheduled(cron = "0/5 * * * * *")
    public void sendMsgConfirmSimple() {
        index++;
        String msg = "消息-" + index;
        logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
        String routingKey = "";
        if (index % 3 == 0) {
            routingKey = "warn";
        } else if(index % 3 == 1) {
            routingKey = "info";
        }  else {
            routingKey = "debug";
        }

        final String rk = routingKey;
        rabbitTemplate.invoke(operations -> {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, rk, msg);
            //rabbitTemplate.waitForConfirmsOrDie(2000);
            boolean result = rabbitTemplate.waitForConfirms(2000);
            if (result) {
                logger.info("消息发送成功!");
            } else {
                logger.info("消息发送失败!");
            }
            return null;
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        /**
         * 消息未发送到queue反馈,可以用不存在的routingKey来测试
         * spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
         */
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey) -> {
            logger.warn("返回消息配置:{}", message.getMessageProperties().toString());
            logger.warn("反馈代码:{}", replyCode);
            logger.warn("反馈内容:{}", replyText);
            logger.warn("exchange:{}", exchange);
            logger.warn("routingKey:{}", routingKey);
        });
    }
}

2.5、消费者

package com.abc.demo.general.rabbit.springboot;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class Consumer {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Consumer.class);

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.QUEUE_NAME)
    public void process(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try {
            logger.info("接受到消息:" + new String(message.getBody()));
            channel.basicQos(1);//业务处理...

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }
}

 

posted @ 2020-11-22 15:19  且行且码  阅读(1343)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报