学习saltstack （六）

Slatstack 介绍

官网：https://saltstack.com/

官方源：http://repo.saltstack.com/  （介绍各操作系统安装方法）

centos 6源

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yum install https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-latest-1.el6.noarch.rpm

centos 7 源　

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yum install https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-latest-1.el7.noarch.rpm

http://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/7/x86_64

基于python开发，提供REST API接口

三大功能： 远程执行、配置管理（状态）、云管理

其它：Puppet（ruby）、ansible（python）

四种运行方式：Local、Minion/Master(C/S)、Syndic(代理，类似zabbix proxy)、Salt SSH

 

快速安装

 - 安装

服务端

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yum install salt-master salt-minion -y

客户端

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yum install salt-minion -y

启动服务端

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systemctl start salt-master

配置客户端

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vim /etc/salt/minion
master: 192.168.137.11  # 配置master地址
id:   # 每台主机的唯一标识，不配置默认为主机名

启动客户端

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systemctl start salt-minion

启动后/etc/salt下生成minion_id文件，默认为主机名

如果修改id，需要删除minion_id

 

 - master和minion启动后pki介绍

第一次启动minion在/etc/salt下生成pki文件目录

包含minion的公钥minion.pub和私钥minion.pem

第一次启动master在/etc/salt下生成pki文件目录

包含master的公钥master.pub和私钥master.pem

linux-node1.example.com和linux-node2.example.com为minion的公钥，名称为id名

minions_pre为预认证目录

 

 - 认证

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salt-key

Accepted Keys 已同意的key

Denied Keys 拒绝的key

Unaccepted Keys 未认证的key

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salt-key -a linux-node1.example.com

指定linux-node1.example.com这台minion被信任

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salt-key -a linux*  # 通配符

说明：-a ：accept ，-A：accept-all，-d：delete，-D：delete-all

两台minion已认证成功，此时再次查看master pki文件目录，minion的公钥文件放入了minions目录下

再次查看minion pki文件目录，存在minion_master.pub公钥文件

 

 - 远程执行

语法： 命令 目标 模块.方法 方法参数

检查所有主机状态

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salt '*' test.ping

检查指定主机状态

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salt "linux-node2.example.com" test.ping

指定主机，远程执行shell命令

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salt "linux-node2.example.com" cmd.run "ls -lrt /root"

重启所有主机的zabbix agent

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salt "*" cmd.run "systemctl restart zabbix-agent"

 

- 状态模块

state 写一个描述文件。格式：YAML ，后缀：.sls

YAML介绍(重要)

YAML是"YAML Ain't a Markup Language"（YAML不是一种置标语言）的递归缩写。（可以查看百度百科介绍）

格式：数据结构可以用类似大纲的缩排方式呈现，结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号“-”来表示，map结构里面的key/value对用冒号“:”来分隔。

样例如下：

salt管理理解YAML介绍 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/yaml/index.html

salt YAML三个规则：

1）缩进，需要用2个空格，不能使用Tab键；

2）冒号，冒号和缩进共用、键值对（中间有空格）

3）短横线， 于后面的值有空格

 

- master配置

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vim /etc/salt/master
file_roots  # 定义base、测试、灰度、生产环境配置文件路径，base名称不能改

重启master

systemctl restart salt-master

创建配置文件目录

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cd /srv
mkdir salt

 

 - sls文件创建

apache.sls，放入到/srv/salt/web目录下

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apache-install:   # 自定义的id，名称
  pkg.installed:  # 状态模块，salt自带的， 模块.方法
    - names:      # 参数
      - httpd
      - httpd-devel
 
apache-service:      # 自定义的id，名称
  service.running:   # 状态模块，salt自带的， 模块.方法
    - name: httpd     # 参数
    - enable: True

执行这个文件

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salt "*" state.sls web.apache

执行流程:

1）master将这个文件发送至minion

2）minion放在/var/cache/salt/minion目录下

3）minion根据这个文件从上往下执行

执行结果

  1 linux-node2.example.com:
  2 ----------
  3           ID: apache-install
  4     Function: pkg.installed
  5         Name: httpd
  6       Result: True
  7      Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
  8      Started: 13:12:23.142622
  9     Duration: 103093.75 ms
 10      Changes:   
 11               ----------
 12               apr:
 13                   ----------
 14                   new:
 15                       1.4.8-3.el7
 16                   old:
 17               apr-util:
 18                   ----------
 19                   new:
 20                       1.5.2-6.el7
 21                   old:
 22               httpd:
 23                   ----------
 24                   new:
 25                       2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
 26                   old:
 27               httpd-tools:
 28                   ----------
 29                   new:
 30                       2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
 31                   old:
 32               mailcap:
 33                   ----------
 34                   new:
 35                       2.1.41-2.el7
 36                   old:
 37 ----------
 38           ID: apache-install
 39     Function: pkg.installed
 40         Name: httpd-devel
 41       Result: True
 42      Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd-devel
 43      Started: 13:14:06.266419
 44     Duration: 75699.845 ms
 45      Changes:   
 46               ----------
 47               apr-devel:
 48                   ----------
 49                   new:
 50                       1.4.8-3.el7
 51                   old:
 52               apr-util-devel:
 53                   ----------
 54                   new:
 55                       1.5.2-6.el7
 56                   old:
 57               cyrus-sasl-devel:
 58                   ----------
 59                   new:
 60                       2.1.26-20.el7_2
 61                   old:
 62               expat-devel:
 63                   ----------
 64                   new:
 65                       2.1.0-8.el7
 66                   old:
 67               httpd-devel:
 68                   ----------
 69                   new:
 70                       2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
 71                   old:
 72               libdb-devel:
 73                   ----------
 74                   new:
 75                       5.3.21-19.el7
 76                   old:
 77               openldap-devel:
 78                   ----------
 79                   new:
 80                       2.4.40-9.el7_2
 81                   old:
 82 ----------
 83           ID: apache-service
 84     Function: service.running
 85         Name: httpd
 86       Result: True
 87      Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
 88      Started: 13:15:22.549732
 89     Duration: 509.773 ms
 90      Changes:   
 91               ----------
 92               httpd:
 93                   True
 94 
 95 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
 96 ------------
 97 Succeeded: 3 (changed=3)
 98 Failed:    0
 99 ------------
100 Total states run:     3
101 Total run time: 179.303 s
102 linux-node1.example.com:
103 ----------
104           ID: apache-install
105     Function: pkg.installed
106         Name: httpd
107       Result: True
108      Comment: Package httpd is already installed
109      Started: 21:12:17.773014
110     Duration: 1030.017 ms
111      Changes:   
112 ----------
113           ID: apache-install
114     Function: pkg.installed
115         Name: httpd-devel
116       Result: True
117      Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd-devel
118      Started: 21:12:18.803216
119     Duration: 179505.346 ms
120      Changes:   
121               ----------
122               apr-devel:
123                   ----------
124                   new:
125                       1.4.8-3.el7
126                   old:
127               apr-util-devel:
128                   ----------
129                   new:
130                       1.5.2-6.el7
131                   old:
132               cyrus-sasl-devel:
133                   ----------
134                   new:
135                       2.1.26-20.el7_2
136                   old:
137               expat-devel:
138                   ----------
139                   new:
140                       2.1.0-8.el7
141                   old:
142               httpd-devel:
143                   ----------
144                   new:
145                       2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
146                   old:
147               libdb-devel:
148                   ----------
149                   new:
150                       5.3.21-19.el7
151                   old:
152               openldap-devel:
153                   ----------
154                   new:
155                       2.4.40-9.el7_2
156                   old:
157 ----------
158           ID: apache-service
159     Function: service.running
160         Name: httpd
161       Result: True
162      Comment: The service httpd is already running
163      Started: 21:15:18.523234
164     Duration: 62.391 ms
165      Changes:   
166 
167 Summary for linux-node1.example.com
168 ------------
169 Succeeded: 3 (changed=1)
170 Failed:    0
171 ------------
172 Total states run:     3
173 Total run time: 180.598 s
View Code

 

- top file

默认文件名top.sls，放在base目录下，base目录在file_roots配置项配置

通过top.sls文件可以实现根据不同的minion执行不同的sls文件

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base:  # 固定名称，必填
  'linux-node1.example.com':  # minion id
    - web.apache  # apache.sls
  'linux-node2.example.com':
    - web.apache

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salt "*" state.highstate

上面命令执行state高级状态，它只会执行入口文件top.sls， 根据top文件中内容执行

生产环境中不建议使用*，需要指定具体主机，先用test测试

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salt "linux-node1.example.com" state.highstate test=True

测试正常后执行

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salt "linux-node1.example.com" state.highstate

 

########################################################################

  • SaltStack与ZeroMQ

SaltStack底层是基于ZeroMQ进行高效的网络通信。

 

ZeroMQ简介

       ØMQ （也拼写作ZeroMQ，0MQ或ZMQ)是一个为可伸缩的分布式或并发应用程序设计的高性能异步消息库。它提供一个消息队列, 但是与面向消息的中间件不同，ZeroMQ的运行不需要专门的消息代理（message broker）。该库设计成常见的套接字风格的API。能够提供进程内(inproc)、进程间(IPC)、网络(TCP)和广播方式的消息信道， 并支持扇出(fan-out)、发布-订阅(pub-sub)、任务分发（task distribution）、请求/响应（request-reply）等通信模式。

 

 - SaltStack第一种模式：发布与订阅

ZeroMQ支持Publish/Subscribe，即发布与订阅模式，我们经常简称Pub/Sub。

Salt Master运行两个网络服务，其中一个是ZeroMQ PUB系统，默认监听4505端口。

可以通过修改/etc/salt/master配置文件的publish_port参数设置。

它是salt的消息发布系统，如果查看4505端口，会发现所有的Minion连接到Master的4505端口，TCP状态持续保持为ESTABLISHED。

lsof -i:4505

 

 

 - SaltStack第一种模式：请求与响应

ZeroMQ支持Request-Reply，即请求与响应模式，我们经常简称REQ/REP。

Salt Master运行的第二个网络服务就是ZeroMQ REP系统，默认监听4506端口，可以通过修改/etc/salt/master配置文件的ret_port参数设置。

它是salt客户端与服务端通信的端口。比如说Minion执行某个命令后的返回值就是发送给Master的4506这个REP端口

如果安装了python-setproctitle软件包，所以我们可以直接看到Salt Master启动的进程的名称。

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yum install -y python-setproctitle

重启master和minion

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systemctl restart salt-master
systemctl restart salt-minion

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/usr/bin/salt-master -d ProcessManager  # 中心进程管理器
/usr/bin/salt-master -d _clear_old_jobs  # 清除旧的Jobs文件及更新fileserver
/usr/bin/salt-master -d Publisher       # 将任务PUB到Minion端
/usr/bin/salt-master -d EventPublisher  # Event Publisher进程
/usr/bin/salt-master -d ReqServer_ProcessManager # ReqServer进程管理器
/usr/bin/salt-master -d MWorker  # 工作进程
/usr/bin/salt-master -d MWorker  # 工作进程
/usr/bin/salt-master -d MWorker  # 工作进程
/usr/bin/salt-master -d MWorker  # 工作进程
/usr/bin/salt-master -d MWorker  # 工作进程
/usr/bin/salt-master -d MWorkerQueue # 将Ret接口(ROUTER)数据转发到Worker(DEALER)

 

########################################################################

  • Saltstack数据系统

分为Grains和Pillar

 

一、Grains

静态数据，当Minion启动的时候收集的MInion本地的相关信息。（包含操作系统版本、内核版本、CPU、内存、硬盘、设备型号等）

备注：不重启minion，这些信息数据是不会改变的。

1）信息管理，包括资产管理；

例：

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salt 'linux-node1*' grains.ls  # 列出ID为linux-node1的主机，grains的所有key
salt 'linux-node1*' grains.items  # 列出主机的详细信息，可用于资产管理
salt '*' grains.item os  # 列出所有主机的系统版本
salt '*' grains.item fqdn_ip4  # 列出所有主机的IP地址

2）用于目标选择；（查询具体id的主机，查询系统版本为centos的主机 等场景）

例：

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salt -G 'os:Centos' test.ping  # 所有主机系统为centos版本ping测试
salt -G 'os:Centos' cmd.run 'echo 123'  # 所有主机系统为centos版本执行命令'echo 123'

3）配置管理中使用

自定义grains的item

方式一： 修改配置文件 vim /etc/salt/minion

重启 systemctl restart salt-minion

通过自定义的item，可以实现重启所有角色为apache的主机

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salt '*' grains.item roles  # 获取所有主机的roles
salt -G 'roles:apache' cmd.run 'systemctl restart httpd'  # 所有主机roles为apache的执行命令systemctl restart httpd

方式二：（生产环境使用） 

修改配置文件 vim /etc/salt/grains，写法

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cloud: openstack

重启 systemctl restart salt-minion

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salt '*' grains.item cloud  # 获取所有主机的cloud

修改/etc/salt/grains不重启服务的方法，刷新命令如下（备注：方式一和方式二修改配置文件，通过此命令都可以不用重启服务）

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salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains

grains在top FILE中的使用案例

vim /srv/salt/top.sls

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base:
  'linux-node1.example.com':
    - web.apache
  'roles:apache':
    - match: grain
    - web.apach

grains脚本目录，必须是base下创建_grains目录（如：/srv/salt/_grains）

创建一个python脚本在/srv/salt/_grains目录下

脚本名：my_grains.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
def my_grains():
    # 初始化grains字典
    grains = {}
    # 设置字典中的key-value
    grains['iaas'] = 'openstack'
    grains['edu'] = 'shhnwangjian'
    # 返回字典
    return grains

通过master同步脚本文件至每台minion

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salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains

文件放在minion主机的/var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains目录下

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salt '*' grains.item edu  # 获取所有主机的edu

grains优先级（item名称相同的情况下）： 1. 系统自带 2. grains文件写到 3. minion配置文件写的 4. 自己写的脚本

 

二、Pillar

动态数据，给特定的minion指定特定的数据。只有指定的minion自己能看到自己的数据。

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salt '*' pillar.items

开启系统自带，修改配置文件

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vim /etc/salt/master

重启systemctl restart salt-master

执行salt '*' pillar.items 可以看到系统自带的item

piller存在文件路径设置

mkdir /srv/pillar

重启systemctl restart salt-master

实现pillar流程

1）创建一个piller文件，python jinja2写法

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mkdir /srv/pillar/web
cd /srv/pillar/web
vim apache.sls
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{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS' %}
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}

2）创建TOP FILE文件

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vim /srv/pillar/top.sls
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base:
  'linux-node2.example.com':
    - web.apache
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salt '*' saltutil.refresh_pillar  # 刷新
salt '*' pillar.items apache

目标选择

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salt -I 'apache:httpd' test.ping

 

三、Grains VS Pillar


 

  

 

 

#######################################################################

  • Saltstack远程执行

语法例：salt '*' cmd.run 'w'

 -  命令：salt

 -  目标：'*'

 -  模块：cmd.run，自带150+模块，也可以自己写模块

 -  返回：执行后结果返回，Returnners组件

 

1、指定目标（targeting）

官网文档：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/index.html

两种定位方法：一种和minion ID有关，一种和monion ID无关

    1）minion ID有关的方法

　　指定具体的minion ID

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salt 'linux-node2.example.com' test.ping

　　通配符

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salt '*' test.ping 
salt 'linux-node2*' test.ping
salt 'linux-node[1|2].example.com' test.ping
salt 'linux-node[1-2].example.com' test.ping
salt 'linux-node[!2].example.com' test.ping
salt 'linux-node?.example.com' test.ping

　　列表

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salt -L 'linux-node1.example.com,linux-node2.example.com' test.ping

　　正则表达式

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salt -E 'linux-(node1|node2)*' test.ping
salt -E 'linux-(node1|node2).example.com' test.ping

备注: 所有匹配目标的方式，都可以用到top file里面来指定目标。

minion ID设置方案：IP地址、根据业务来进行设置

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例：
redis-node1-redis04-idc04-h5web.example.com
redis-node1  # redis第一个节点
redis04  # 集群
idc04  # 机房
h5web  # 业务线

　　 

    2）minion ID无关的方法

　　IP地址、子网

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salt -S 192.168.137.12 test.ping
salt -S 192.168.137.0/24 test.ping

　　分组，需要配置master文件

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vim /etc/salt/master

重启systemctl restart salt-master

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salt -N web test.ping

　　混合匹配

官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/compound.html

　　批处理 ，可用于重启所有主机或进程场景，百分比或固定数量的一点一点重启主机或进程

官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/targeting/batch.html

 

2、执行模块

官网文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/index.html#all-salt-modules

列出salt所有模块，以及如何使用的帮助文档

通过yum默认安装salt所有模块存放路径 /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/salt/modules（centos 7）

例：

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salt '*' network.active_tcp  # 列出所有主机运行的tcp连接
salt '*' network.arp  # 列出所有主机arp
 
salt '*' service.available sshd  # 列出所有主机sshd
salt '*' service.get_all  # 列出所有主机的所有运行服务
salt '*' service.status sshd  # 列出所有主机sshd运行状态
 
salt-cp '*' /etc/hosts /tmp/test  # 将master上/etc/hosts文件拷贝到所有主机的/tmp/test
 
salt '*' state.show_top  # 查看top
salt '*' state.single pkg.installed name=lsof  # 所有主机安装lsof

 

3、返回程序

官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/returners/index.html

 1）将返回写入mysql库，是由minion直接写入mysql库

所有minion安装python mysql模块

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salt '*' state.single pkg.installed name=MySQL-python
或
salt '*' cmd.run 'yum install MySQL-python -y'

    创建salt库

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CREATE DATABASE  `salt`
  DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
  DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
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USE `salt`;

    创建表

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--
-- Table structure for table `jids`
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
CREATE TABLE `jids` (
  `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE INDEX jid ON jids(jid) USING BTREE;
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--
-- Table structure for table `salt_returns`
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
  `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  KEY `id` (`id`),
  KEY `jid` (`jid`),
  KEY `fun` (`fun`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
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--
-- Table structure for table `salt_events`
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
`id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `tag` (`tag`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

    授权

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grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt@pw';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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exit
mysql -h192.168.137.11 -usalt -psalt@pw salt
show tables;

    配置minion文件

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vim /etc/salt/minion
mysql.host: '192.168.137.11'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt@pw'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306

重启 systemctl restart salt-minion

    测试

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salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h' --return mysql

 

4、编写执行模块

1）放置路径

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cd /srv/salt
mkdir _modules

2） 命名

文件名就是模块名

例: my_disk.py

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def list():
    cmd = 'df -h'
    ret = __salt__['cmd.run'](cmd)
    return ret

3）刷新

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salt '*' saltutil.sync_modules

会放到指定目标的/var/cache/salt/minion下

4）执行

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salt '*' my_disk.list

 

####################################################################

官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/states/index.html

 

配置管理之SLS

Salt  State  SLS描述文件(YAML)

名称ID声明  默认是name声明

备注： 一个ID声明下面。状态模块不能重复使用

例：

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apache-install: 
  pkg.installed:
    - names:
      - httpd
      - httpd-devel
 
apache-service:     # ID声明，高级状态，ID必须唯一。
  service.running:  # State声明 状态声明
    - name: httpd   # 选项声明
    - enable: True 
 
php:  
  pkg.installed

 

常用状态模块介绍

1）pkg  （https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/states/all/salt.states.pkg.html#module-salt.states.pkg）

pkg.installed  # 安装
pkg.latest  # 确保最新版本
pkg.remove  # 卸载
pkg.purge  # 卸载并删除配置文件

# 同时安装多个包

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common_packages:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - unzip
      - dos2unix
      - salt-minion: 2015.8.5-1.el6

 

2）file （https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/states/all/salt.states.file.html#module-salt.states.file）

salt:// 表示当前环境的根目录。例如：

那么salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf  表示 /srv/salt/lamp/files/httpd.conf

 

3）service （https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/states/all/salt.states.service.html#module-salt.states.service）

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redis:
  service.running:
    - enable: True  # 开机自启动 
    - reload: True  # 重载

 

LAMP架构slat实现安装、配置、启动

1.安装软件包 pkg

2.修改配置文件 file

3.启动服务 service

lamp.sls文件内容如下

命令： salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.lamp

执行结果

 1 linux-node2.example.com:
 2 ----------
 3           ID: lamp-pkg
 4     Function: pkg.installed
 5       Result: True
 6      Comment: 4 targeted packages were installed/updated.
 7               The following packages were already installed: httpd, mariadb-server, mariadb
 8      Started: 12:56:16.178765
 9     Duration: 194279.377 ms
10      Changes:   
11               ----------
12               libzip:
13                   ----------
14                   new:
15                       0.10.1-8.el7
16                   old:
17               php:
18                   ----------
19                   new:
20                       5.4.16-36.3.el7_2
21                   old:
22               php-cli:
23                   ----------
24                   new:
25                       5.4.16-36.3.el7_2
26                   old:
27               php-common:
28                   ----------
29                   new:
30                       5.4.16-36.3.el7_2
31                   old:
32               php-mbstring:
33                   ----------
34                   new:
35                       5.4.16-36.3.el7_2
36                   old:
37               php-mysql:
38                   ----------
39                   new:
40                       5.4.16-36.3.el7_2
41                   old:
42               php-pdo:
43                   ----------
44                   new:
45                       5.4.16-36.3.el7_2
46                   old:
47 ----------
48           ID: apache-config
49     Function: file.managed
50         Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
51       Result: True
52      Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
53      Started: 12:59:30.519583
54     Duration: 98.547 ms
55      Changes:   
56 ----------
57           ID: php-config
58     Function: file.managed
59         Name: /etc/php.ini
60       Result: True
61      Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
62      Started: 12:59:30.620067
63     Duration: 36.824 ms
64      Changes:   
65 ----------
66           ID: mysql-config
67     Function: file.managed
68         Name: /etc/my.cnf
69       Result: True
70      Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
71      Started: 12:59:30.657074
72     Duration: 58.78 ms
73      Changes:   
74 ----------
75           ID: apache-service
76     Function: service.running
77         Name: httpd
78       Result: True
79      Comment: The service httpd is already running
80      Started: 12:59:30.853149
81     Duration: 40.481 ms
82      Changes:   
83 ----------
84           ID: mysql-service
85     Function: service.running
86         Name: mariadb
87       Result: True
88      Comment: The service mariadb is already running
89      Started: 12:59:30.893939
90     Duration: 33.928 ms
91      Changes:   
92 
93 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
94 ------------
95 Succeeded: 6 (changed=1)
96 Failed:    0
97 ------------
98 Total states run:     6
99 Total run time: 194.548 s
View Code

 

第二种方式：

文件lamp2.sls 内容如下：

命令： salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.lamp2

执行结果

 1 linux-node2.example.com:
 2 ----------
 3           ID: apache-server
 4     Function: pkg.installed
 5       Result: True
 6      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 7      Started: 13:13:53.886308
 8     Duration: 665.948 ms
 9      Changes:   
10 ----------
11           ID: apache-server
12     Function: file.managed
13         Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
14       Result: True
15      Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
16      Started: 13:13:54.553919
17     Duration: 19.867 ms
18      Changes:   
19 ----------
20           ID: apache-server
21     Function: service.running
22         Name: httpd
23       Result: True
24      Comment: The service httpd is already running
25      Started: 13:13:54.574411
26     Duration: 29.927 ms
27      Changes:   
28 ----------
29           ID: mysql-server
30     Function: pkg.installed
31       Result: True
32      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
33      Started: 13:13:54.604496
34     Duration: 0.771 ms
35      Changes:   
36 ----------
37           ID: mysql-server
38     Function: file.managed
39         Name: /etc/my.cnf
40       Result: True
41      Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
42      Started: 13:13:54.605362
43     Duration: 15.125 ms
44      Changes:   
45 ----------
46           ID: mysql-server
47     Function: service.running
48         Name: mariadb
49       Result: True
50      Comment: The service mariadb is already running
51      Started: 13:13:54.620592
52     Duration: 29.75 ms
53      Changes:   
54 ----------
55           ID: php-config
56     Function: file.managed
57         Name: /etc/php.ini
58       Result: True
59      Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
60      Started: 13:13:54.650496
61     Duration: 17.036 ms
62      Changes:   
63 
64 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
65 ------------
66 Succeeded: 7
67 Failed:    0
68 ------------
69 Total states run:     7
70 Total run time: 778.424 ms
View Code

 

配置管理之状态间关系

状态间关系：

    1.我依赖谁 require

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apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:
      - pkg: lamp-pkg  # pkg ID
      - file: apache-config # file ID

    2 我被谁依赖 require_in

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mysql-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - require_in:
      - service: mysql-service

    3 我监控谁 watch

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apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:
      - pkg: lamp-pkg
    - watch:
      - file: apache-config
1. 若果apache-config这个id的状态发生变化就reload
2. 如果不加reload: True，那么就restart

    4 我被谁监控 watch_in

    5 我引用谁 include

例：lamp第一种方法中，将安装、配置、启动分别保存3个文件， 由一个总文件引用

init.sls文件内容

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include:
  - lamp.lamp_pkg
  - lamp.lamp_config
  - lamp.lamp_service

lamp_pkg.sls文件内容

lamp_config.sls文件内容

lamp_service.sls文件内容

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

    6 我扩展谁

 

如何编写SLS技巧：

1.按状态分类 如果单独使用，很清晰。

2.按服务分类 可以被其他的SLS include。例如LNMP include mysql的服务。

 

jinja2

文档：http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/jinja2/

模板包含 变量 或 表达式，两种分隔符: {% ... %} 和 {{ ... }} 。前者用于执行诸如 for 循环 或赋值的语句，后者把表达式的结果打印到模板上。

salt中如何使用jinja2：

文档：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/jinja/index.html

　　1）告诉File模块，你要使用jinja  

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apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - template: jinja

　　2）列出参数列表

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apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      PORT: 8080

　　3）模板引用

httpd.conf配置文件引用如下

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

执行结果：

 1 linux-node2.example.com:
 2 ----------
 3           ID: lamp-pkg
 4     Function: pkg.installed
 5       Result: True
 6      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 7      Started: 11:15:02.903236
 8     Duration: 4591.748 ms
 9      Changes:   
10 ----------
11           ID: apache-config
12     Function: file.managed
13         Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
14       Result: True
15      Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
16      Started: 11:15:07.558365
17     Duration: 90.859 ms
18      Changes:   
19               ----------
20               diff:
21                   --- 
22                   +++ 
23                   @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
24                    # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
25                    #
26                    #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
27                   -Listen 80
28                   +Listen 8080
29                    
30                    #
31                    # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
32 ----------
33           ID: php-config
34     Function: file.managed
35         Name: /etc/php.ini
36       Result: True
37      Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
38      Started: 11:15:07.649429
39     Duration: 63.754 ms
40      Changes:   
41 ----------
42           ID: mysql-config
43     Function: file.managed
44         Name: /etc/my.cnf
45       Result: True
46      Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
47      Started: 11:15:07.713515
48     Duration: 49.273 ms
49      Changes:   
50 ----------
51           ID: apache-service
52     Function: service.running
53         Name: httpd
54       Result: True
55      Comment: Service reloaded
56      Started: 11:15:07.800629
57     Duration: 135.15 ms
58      Changes:   
59               ----------
60               httpd:
61                   True
62 ----------
63           ID: mysql-service
64     Function: service.running
65         Name: mariadb
66       Result: True
67      Comment: The service mariadb is already running
68      Started: 11:15:07.936165
69     Duration: 95.71 ms
70      Changes:   
71 
72 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
73 ------------
74 Succeeded: 6 (changed=2)
75 Failed:    0
76 ------------
77 Total states run:     6
78 Total run time:   5.026 s
View Code

     

 - 模板里面支持： salt执行模块 grinas 进行赋值 

例：修改配置文件httpd.conf，将IP地址指向本机IP，通过grains['fqdn_ip4'][0]可以获取本机IP地址

salt 'linux-node2*' grains.item fqdn_ip4

 

- 模板里面支持：salt远程执行模块

例：修改配置文件httpd.conf，{{ salt['netwrok.hw_addr']('eth0') }}

salt 'linux-node2*' network.hw_addr eth0

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

执行结果

 1 linux-node2.example.com:
 2 ----------
 3           ID: lamp-pkg
 4     Function: pkg.installed
 5       Result: True
 6      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 7      Started: 11:51:57.213758
 8     Duration: 664.953 ms
 9      Changes:   
10 ----------
11           ID: apache-config
12     Function: file.managed
13         Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
14       Result: True
15      Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
16      Started: 11:51:57.880642
17     Duration: 82.912 ms
18      Changes:   
19               ----------
20               diff:
21                   --- 
22                   +++ 
23                   @@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
24                    # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
25                    #
26                    #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
27                   -Listen 8080
28                   +Listen 192.168.137.12:8080
29                   +
30                   +# MAC IS: 00:0c:29:fd:dd:02
31                    
32                    #
33                    # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
34 ----------
35           ID: php-config
36     Function: file.managed
37         Name: /etc/php.ini
38       Result: True
39      Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
40      Started: 11:51:57.963715
41     Duration: 14.577 ms
42      Changes:   
43 ----------
44           ID: mysql-config
45     Function: file.managed
46         Name: /etc/my.cnf
47       Result: True
48      Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
49      Started: 11:51:57.978393
50     Duration: 12.482 ms
51      Changes:   
52 ----------
53           ID: apache-service
54     Function: service.running
55         Name: httpd
56       Result: True
57      Comment: Service reloaded
58      Started: 11:51:58.021471
59     Duration: 127.043 ms
60      Changes:   
61               ----------
62               httpd:
63                   True
64 ----------
65           ID: mysql-service
66     Function: service.running
67         Name: mariadb
68       Result: True
69      Comment: The service mariadb is already running
70      Started: 11:51:58.148913
71     Duration: 58.592 ms
72      Changes:   
73 
74 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
75 ------------
76 Succeeded: 6 (changed=2)
77 Failed:    0
78 ------------
79 Total states run:     6
80 Total run time: 960.559 ms
View Code

 

 - 模板里面支持： salt执行模块 pillar进行赋值

例：修改配置文件httpd.conf，{{ pillar['apache'] }}

salt 'linux-node2*' pillar.item apache 

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

执行结果：

 1 linux-node2.example.com:
 2 ----------
 3           ID: lamp-pkg
 4     Function: pkg.installed
 5       Result: True
 6      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 7      Started: 12:01:16.490143
 8     Duration: 712.121 ms
 9      Changes:   
10 ----------
11           ID: apache-config
12     Function: file.managed
13         Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
14       Result: True
15      Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
16      Started: 12:01:17.204369
17     Duration: 93.136 ms
18      Changes:   
19               ----------
20               diff:
21                   --- 
22                   +++ 
23                   @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
24                    Listen 192.168.137.12:8080
25                    
26                    # MAC IS: 00:0c:29:fd:dd:02
27                   +# pillar: httpd
28                    
29                    #
30                    # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
31 ----------
32           ID: php-config
33     Function: file.managed
34         Name: /etc/php.ini
35       Result: True
36      Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
37      Started: 12:01:17.297764
38     Duration: 17.209 ms
39      Changes:   
40 ----------
41           ID: mysql-config
42     Function: file.managed
43         Name: /etc/my.cnf
44       Result: True
45      Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
46      Started: 12:01:17.315170
47     Duration: 15.217 ms
48      Changes:   
49 ----------
50           ID: apache-service
51     Function: service.running
52         Name: httpd
53       Result: True
54      Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is running
55      Started: 12:01:17.331369
56     Duration: 184.591 ms
57      Changes:   
58               ----------
59               httpd:
60                   True
61 ----------
62           ID: mysql-service
63     Function: service.running
64         Name: mariadb
65       Result: True
66      Comment: The service mariadb is already running
67      Started: 12:01:17.516431
68     Duration: 32.057 ms
69      Changes:   
70 
71 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
72 ------------
73 Succeeded: 6 (changed=2)
74 Failed:    0
75 ------------
76 Total states run:     6
77 Total run time:   1.054 s
View Code

 

###########################################################################

SaltStack项目实战

  • 系统架构图

一、初始化

1、salt环境配置，定义基础环境、生产环境（base、prod）

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vim /etc/salt/master
修改file_roots
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
     
mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod

pillar配置

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vim /etc/salt/master
修改pillar_roots
pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  pord:
    - /srv/pillar/prod
     
mkdir -p /srv/pillar/base
mkdir -p /srv/pillar/prod

服务重启 systemctl restart salt-master

 

2、salt base环境初始化：

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/base/init  # 环境初始化目录
mkdir -p /srv/salt/base/init/files  # 配置文件目录

1）dns配置

准备dns配置文件，放入/srv/salt/base/init/files目录下

cp /etc/resolv.conf /srv/salt/base/init/files/

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/dns.sls
/etc/resolv.conf:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/files/resolv.conf
    - user: root
    - gourp: root
    - mode: 644

2）histroy记录时间

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/history.sls
/etc/profile:
  file.append:
    - text:
      - export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "

3）记录命令操作

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/audit.sls
/etc/bashrc:
  file.append:
    - text:
      - export PROMPT_COMMAND='{ msg=$(history 1 | { read x y; echo $y; });logger "[euid=$(whoami)]":$(who am i):[`pwd`]"$msg"; }'

4）内核参数优化

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/sysctl.sls
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 10000 65000
fs.file-max:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 2000000
net.ipv4.ip_forward:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 1
vm.swappiness:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 0

5）安装yum仓库

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/epel.sls
yum_repo_release:
  pkg.installed:
    - sources:
      - epel-release: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
    - unless: rpm -qa | grep epel-release-latest-7

6）安装zabbix-agent

准备zabbix-agent配置文件，放入/srv/salt/base/init/files目录下

cp /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf /srv/salt/base/init/files/

修改 vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/zabbix_agent.sls
zabbix-agent:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: zabbix-agent
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
    - source: salt://init/files/zabbix_agentd.conf
    - template: jinja
    - backup: minion
    - defaults:
      Server: {{ pillar['zabbix-agent']['Zabbix_Server'] }}
      Hostname: {{ grains['fqdn'] }}
    - require:
      - pkg: zabbix-agent
  service.running:
    - enable: True
    - watch:
      - pkg: zabbix-agent
      - file: zabbix-agent
 
zabbix_agentd.d:
  file.directory:
    - name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
    - watch_in:
      - service: zabbix-agent
    - require:
      - pkg: zabbix-agent
      - file: zabbix-agent

备注：“- backup: minion”表示备份，如果文件改动，会将之前的文件备份到/var/cache/salt/file_backup目录下

7）编写init.sls总文件，引用其它文件

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vi /srv/salt/base/init/init.sls
include:
  - init.dns
  - init.history
  - init.audit
  - init.sysctl
  - init.epel
  - init.zabbix_agent

执行命令： salt "*" state.sls init.init

执行结果

  1 linux-node1.example.com:
  2 ----------
  3           ID: /etc/resolv.conf
  4     Function: file.managed
  5       Result: True
  6      Comment: File /etc/resolv.conf is in the correct state
  7      Started: 04:39:32.998314
  8     Duration: 181.548 ms
  9      Changes:   
 10 ----------
 11           ID: /etc/profile
 12     Function: file.append
 13       Result: True
 14      Comment: File /etc/profile is in correct state
 15      Started: 04:39:33.180034
 16     Duration: 6.118 ms
 17      Changes:   
 18 ----------
 19           ID: /etc/bashrc
 20     Function: file.append
 21       Result: True
 22      Comment: Appended 1 lines
 23      Started: 04:39:33.186266
 24     Duration: 6.608 ms
 25      Changes:   
 26               ----------
 27               diff:
 28                   --- 
 29                   
 30                   +++ 
 31                   
 32                   @@ -90,3 +90,4 @@
 33                   
 34                        unset -f pathmunge
 35                    fi
 36                    # vim:ts=4:sw=4
 37                   +export PROMPT_COMMAND='{ msg=$(history 1 | { read x y; echo $y; });logger "[euid=$(whoami)]":$(who am i):[`pwd`]"$msg"; }'
 38 ----------
 39           ID: net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
 40     Function: sysctl.present
 41       Result: True
 42      Comment: Updated sysctl value net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10000 65000
 43      Started: 04:39:33.261448
 44     Duration: 212.528 ms
 45      Changes:   
 46               ----------
 47               net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range:
 48                   10000 65000
 49 ----------
 50           ID: fs.file-max
 51     Function: sysctl.present
 52       Result: True
 53      Comment: Updated sysctl value fs.file-max = 2000000
 54      Started: 04:39:33.474197
 55     Duration: 122.497 ms
 56      Changes:   
 57               ----------
 58               fs.file-max:
 59                   2000000
 60 ----------
 61           ID: net.ipv4.ip_forward
 62     Function: sysctl.present
 63       Result: True
 64      Comment: Updated sysctl value net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
 65      Started: 04:39:33.596905
 66     Duration: 35.061 ms
 67      Changes:   
 68               ----------
 69               net.ipv4.ip_forward:
 70                   1
 71 ----------
 72           ID: vm.swappiness
 73     Function: sysctl.present
 74       Result: True
 75      Comment: Updated sysctl value vm.swappiness = 0
 76      Started: 04:39:33.632208
 77     Duration: 36.226 ms
 78      Changes:   
 79               ----------
 80               vm.swappiness:
 81                   0
 82 ----------
 83           ID: yum_repo_release
 84     Function: pkg.installed
 85       Result: True
 86      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
 87      Started: 04:39:39.085699
 88     Duration: 12627.626 ms
 89      Changes:   
 90 ----------
 91           ID: zabbix-agent
 92     Function: pkg.installed
 93       Result: True
 94      Comment: Package zabbix-agent is already installed
 95      Started: 04:39:51.713592
 96     Duration: 6.677 ms
 97      Changes:   
 98 ----------
 99           ID: zabbix-agent
100     Function: file.managed
101         Name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
102       Result: True
103      Comment: File /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf updated
104      Started: 04:39:51.720994
105     Duration: 152.077 ms
106      Changes:   
107               ----------
108               diff:
109                   --- 
110                   +++ 
111                   @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
112                    #
113                    # Mandatory: no
114                    # Default:
115                   -Server={{ Server }}
116                   +Server=192.168.137.11
117                    
118                    ### Option: ListenPort
119                    #    Agent will listen on this port for connections from the server.
120 ----------
121           ID: zabbix_agentd.d
122     Function: file.directory
123         Name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
124       Result: True
125      Comment: Directory /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d is in the correct state
126      Started: 04:39:51.875082
127     Duration: 0.908 ms
128      Changes:   
129 ----------
130           ID: zabbix-agent
131     Function: service.running
132       Result: True
133      Comment: Service restarted
134      Started: 04:39:51.932698
135     Duration: 205.223 ms
136      Changes:   
137               ----------
138               zabbix-agent:
139                   True
140 
141 Summary for linux-node1.example.com
142 -------------
143 Succeeded: 12 (changed=7)
144 Failed:     0
145 -------------
146 Total states run:     12
147 Total run time:   13.593 s
148 linux-node2.example.com:
149 ----------
150           ID: /etc/resolv.conf
151     Function: file.managed
152       Result: True
153      Comment: File /etc/resolv.conf is in the correct state
154      Started: 12:46:38.639870
155     Duration: 182.254 ms
156      Changes:   
157 ----------
158           ID: /etc/profile
159     Function: file.append
160       Result: True
161      Comment: Appended 1 lines
162      Started: 12:46:38.822236
163     Duration: 3.047 ms
164      Changes:   
165               ----------
166               diff:
167                   --- 
168                   
169                   +++ 
170                   
171                   @@ -74,3 +74,4 @@
172                   
173                    
174                    unset i
175                    unset -f pathmunge
176                   +export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "
177 ----------
178           ID: /etc/bashrc
179     Function: file.append
180       Result: True
181      Comment: Appended 1 lines
182      Started: 12:46:38.825423
183     Duration: 3.666 ms
184      Changes:   
185               ----------
186               diff:
187                   --- 
188                   
189                   +++ 
190                   
191                   @@ -90,3 +90,4 @@
192                   
193                        unset -f pathmunge
194                    fi
195                    # vim:ts=4:sw=4
196                   +export PROMPT_COMMAND='{ msg=$(history 1 | { read x y; echo $y; });logger "[euid=$(whoami)]":$(who am i):[`pwd`]"$msg"; }'
197 ----------
198           ID: net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
199     Function: sysctl.present
200       Result: True
201      Comment: Updated sysctl value net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10000 65000
202      Started: 12:46:39.011409
203     Duration: 132.499 ms
204      Changes:   
205               ----------
206               net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range:
207                   10000 65000
208 ----------
209           ID: fs.file-max
210     Function: sysctl.present
211       Result: True
212      Comment: Updated sysctl value fs.file-max = 2000000
213      Started: 12:46:39.144117
214     Duration: 33.556 ms
215      Changes:   
216               ----------
217               fs.file-max:
218                   2000000
219 ----------
220           ID: net.ipv4.ip_forward
221     Function: sysctl.present
222       Result: True
223      Comment: Updated sysctl value net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
224      Started: 12:46:39.177821
225     Duration: 43.489 ms
226      Changes:   
227               ----------
228               net.ipv4.ip_forward:
229                   1
230 ----------
231           ID: vm.swappiness
232     Function: sysctl.present
233       Result: True
234      Comment: Updated sysctl value vm.swappiness = 0
235      Started: 12:46:39.221788
236     Duration: 39.882 ms
237      Changes:   
238               ----------
239               vm.swappiness:
240                   0
241 ----------
242           ID: yum_repo_release
243     Function: pkg.installed
244       Result: True
245      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
246      Started: 12:46:47.608597
247     Duration: 13989.554 ms
248      Changes:   
249 ----------
250           ID: zabbix-agent
251     Function: pkg.installed
252       Result: True
253      Comment: Package zabbix-agent is already installed
254      Started: 12:47:01.598548
255     Duration: 1.265 ms
256      Changes:   
257 ----------
258           ID: zabbix-agent
259     Function: file.managed
260         Name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
261       Result: True
262      Comment: File /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf updated
263      Started: 12:47:01.600712
264     Duration: 82.425 ms
265      Changes:   
266               ----------
267               diff:
268                   --- 
269                   +++ 
270                   @@ -90,8 +90,6 @@
271                    #
272                    # Mandatory: no
273                    # Default:
274                   -# Server=
275                   -
276                    Server=192.168.137.11
277                    
278                    ### Option: ListenPort
279                   @@ -117,7 +115,7 @@
280                    # Mandatory: no
281                    # Range: 0-100
282                    # Default:
283                   -StartAgents=3
284                   +# StartAgents=3
285                    
286                    ##### Active checks related
287                    
288                   @@ -133,7 +131,7 @@
289                    # Default:
290                    # ServerActive=
291                    
292                   -#ServerActive=192.168.137.11
293                   +ServerActive=192.168.137.11
294                    
295                    ### Option: Hostname
296                    #    Unique, case sensitive hostname.
297                   @@ -144,7 +142,7 @@
298                    # Default:
299                    # Hostname=
300                    
301                   -Hostname=linux-node2
302                   +Hostname=Zabbix server
303                    
304                    ### Option: HostnameItem
305                    #    Item used for generating Hostname if it is undefined. Ignored if Hostname is defined.
306                   @@ -174,7 +172,7 @@
307                    #
308                    # Mandatory: no
309                    # Default:
310                   -HostMetadataItem=system.uname
311                   +# HostMetadataItem=
312                    
313                    ### Option: RefreshActiveChecks
314                    #    How often list of active checks is refreshed, in seconds.
315 ----------
316           ID: zabbix_agentd.d
317     Function: file.directory
318         Name: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
319       Result: True
320      Comment: Directory /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d is in the correct state
321      Started: 12:47:01.684357
322     Duration: 0.93 ms
323      Changes:   
324 ----------
325           ID: zabbix-agent
326     Function: service.running
327       Result: True
328      Comment: Service restarted
329      Started: 12:47:01.751277
330     Duration: 275.781 ms
331      Changes:   
332               ----------
333               zabbix-agent:
334                   True
335 
336 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
337 -------------
338 Succeeded: 12 (changed=8)
339 Failed:     0
340 -------------
341 Total states run:     12
342 Total run time:   14.788 s
View Code

8）创建top文件

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vi /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
  '*':
    - init.init

测试 salt "*" state.highstate test=True

执行 salt "*" state.highstate

 

3、pillar base初始化

1）zabbix agent配置，指定zabbix server地址，用于sls文件引用

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mkdir -p /srv/pillar/base/zabbix
vi /srv/pillar/base/zabbix/agent.sls
zabbix-agent:
  Zabbix_Server: 192.168.137.11

编写top，引用/srv/pillar/base/zabbix/agent文件

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vi /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base:
  '*':
    - zabbix.agent

测试 salt '*' pillar.items

 

二、haproxy

官网 http://www.haproxy.com/

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/haproxy
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/keepalived
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/memcached
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/nginx
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/php
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/pkg
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/cluster
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/haproxy/files/
mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/cluster/files

1）系统gcc编译包等

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vi /srv/salt/prod/pkg/make.sls
make-pkg:
  pkg.installed:
    - names:
      - gcc
      - gcc-c++
      - glibc
      - make
      - autoconf
      - openssl
      - openssl-devel
      - pcre
      - pcre-devel

2） 自安装

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cd /usr/local/src    
tar xvf haproxy-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd haproxy-1.6.3/
make TARGET=linux2628 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy-1.6.3
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy-1.6.3
ln -s /usr/local/haproxy-1.6.3 /usr/local/haproxy

修改启动脚本，放入salt下

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vi /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.6.3/examples/haproxy.init
BIN=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/$BASENAME
cp /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.6.3/examples/haproxy.init /srv/salt/prod/modules/haproxy/files/

haproxy-1.6.3.tar.gz安装包放入/srv/salt/prod/modules/haproxy/files/目录下

3）创建install.sls文件，用于安装haproxy

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vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/haproxy/install.sls
include:
  - modules.pkg.make
   
haproxy-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.6.3.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/haproxy/files/haproxy-1.6.3.tar.gz
    - mode: 755
    - user: root
    - group: root
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar zxf haproxy-1.6.3.tar.gz && cd haproxy-1.6.3 && make TARGET=linux2628 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy-1.6.3 && make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy-1.6.3 && ln -s /usr/local/haproxy-1.6.3 /usr/local/haproxy
    - unless: test -L /usr/local/haproxy
    - require:
      - pkg: make-pkg
      - file: haproxy-install
 
haproxy-init:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/init.d/haproxy
    - source: salt://modules/haproxy/files/haproxy.init
    - mode: 755
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - require_in:
      - file: haproxy-install
  cmd.run:
    - name: chkconfig --add haproxy
    - unless: chkconfig --list| grep haproxy
  
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 1
 
haproxy-config-dir:
  file.directory:
    - name: /etc/haproxy
    - mode: 755
    - user: root
    - group: root

备注： “- unless”  如果unless后面的命令返回为True，那么就不执行当前状态命令

4）创建haproxy配置文件

创建haproxy-outside.sls文件，用于配置haproxy

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vi /srv/salt/prod/cluster/haproxy-outside.sls
include:
  - modules.haproxy.install
 
haproxy-service:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
    - source: salt://cluster/files/haproxy-outside.cfg
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
  service.running:
    - name: haproxy
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:
      - cmd: haproxy-install
    - watch:
      - file: haproxy-service

5）配置top file

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vi /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base:
  '*':
    - zabbix.agent
prod:
  'linux-node*':
    - cluster.haproxy-outside

测试 salt "*" state.highstate test=True

执行 salt "*" state.highstate

结果：

 

三、keepalived

1）创建files目录，将keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz安装包、keepalived.sysconfig、keepalived.init放入

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/keepalived/files

2）创建install.sls文件

执行命令：salt '*' state.sls modules.keepalived.install saltenv=prod

3）创建keepalived配置文件haproxy-outside-keepalived.conf

创建haproxy-outside-keepalived.sls

4）将keepalived加入top FILE

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vi /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
  '*':
    - init.init
prod:
  'linux-node*':
    - cluster.haproxy-outside
    - cluster.haproxy-outside-keepalived

测试 salt "*" state.highstate test=True

执行 salt "*" state.highstate

##########################################################################

 

四、memcached

1）创建www用户

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/user
vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/user/www.sls
www-user-group:
  group.present:
    - name: www
    - gid: 1000
 
  user.present:
    - name: www
    - fullname: www
    - shell: /sbin/nologin
    - uid: 1000
    - gid: 1000

2）libevent，将安装包放入/srv/salt/prod/modules/libevent/files

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/libevent/files
vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/libevent/install.sls
libevent-source-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/libevent/files/libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar zxf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz && cd libevent-2.0.22-stable &&  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent && make && make install
    - unless: test -d /usr/local/libevent
    - require:
      - file: libevent-source-install

3）创建files目录，将memcached-1.4.24.tar.gz安装包放入

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/memcached/files

4）创建install.sls文件

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vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/memcached/install.sls
include:
  - modules.libevent.install
 
memcached-source-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/memcached-1.4.24.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/memcached/files/memcached-1.4.24.tar.gz
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar zxf memcached-1.4.24.tar.gz && cd memcached-1.4.24&& ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --enable-64bit --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent && make && make install
    - unless: test -d /usr/local/memcached
    - require:
      - cmd: libevent-source-install
      - file: memcached-source-install

5）负责业务部分的放入一个目录，如bbs

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/bbs
vi /srv/salt/prod/bbs/memcached.sls
include:
  - modules.memcached.install
  - modules.user.www
 
memcached-service:
  cmd.run:
    - name: /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 128 -p 11211 -c 8096 -u www
    - unless: netstat -ntlp | grep 11211
    - require:
      - cmd: memcached-source-install
      - user: www-user-group

6）将memcached加入top FILE

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vi /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
  '*':
    - init.init
prod:
  'linux-node*':
    - cluster.haproxy-outside
    - cluster.haproxy-outside-keepalived
 
  'linux-node2*':
    - bbs.memcached

测试 salt "*" state.highstate test=True

执行 salt "*" state.highstate

 

五、php

1）php安装包和相关文件放入/srv/salt/prod/modules/php/files

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/php/files

2）创建install.sls

vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/php/install.sls

创建php-memcache.sls

vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/php/php-memcache.sls

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memcache-plugin:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/memcache-2.2.7.tgz
    - source: salt://modules/php/files/memcache-2.2.7.tgz
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755
 
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar zxf memcache-2.2.7.tgz && cd memcache-2.2.7&& /usr/local/php-fastcgi/bin/phpize && ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fastcgi/bin/php-config &&  make&& make install
    - unless: test -f /usr/local/php-fastcgi/lib/php/extensions/*/memcache.so
  require:
    - file: memcache-plugin
    - cmd: php-install

创建php-redis.sls

vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/php/php-redis.sls

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redis-plugin:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/redis-2.2.7.tgz
    - source: salt://modules/php/files/redis-2.2.7.tgz
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar zxf redis-2.2.7.tgz && cd redis-2.2.7&& /usr/local/php-fastcgi/bin/phpize && ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fastcgi/bin/php-config &&  make&& make install
    - unless: test -f /usr/local/php-fastcgi/lib/php/extensions/*/redis.so
  require:
    - file: redis-plugin
    - cmd: php-install

执行命令：salt '*' state.sls modules.php.install saltenv=prod

 

六、nginx

1）nginx安装包和相关文件放入/srv/salt/prod/modules/nginx/files

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mkdir -p /srv/salt/prod/modules/nginx/files

 

2）创建install.sls

vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/nginx/install.sls

创建service.sls

vi /srv/salt/prod/modules/nginx/service.sls

执行命令：salt '*' state.sls modules.nginx.install saltenv=prod

4）/srv/salt/prod/bbs/files/nginx-bbs.conf

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server {
        listen         8080;
        root /usr/local/nginx/html;
        index index.htm index.html index.php;
        location ~ \.php$
            {
              fastcgi_pass unix:/usr/local/php-fastcgi/php-fpm.sock;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              include fastcgi.conf;
        }
}

5）/srv/salt/prod/bbs目录下创建web.sls

执行命令：salt '*' state.sls bbs.web saltenv=prod

6）将php、nginx加入top FILE

vi /srv/salt/base/top.sls

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base:
  '*':
    - init.init
prod:
  'linux-node*':
    - cluster.haproxy-outside
    - cluster.haproxy-outside-keepalived
    - bbs.web
 
  'linux-node2*':
    - bbs.memcached

测试 salt "*" state.highstate test=True

执行 salt "*" state.highstate

 

###########################################################################

SaltStack之Job管理和Runner

配置文件/etc/salt/master

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cachedir: /var/cache/salt/master  # cache路径
keep_jobs: 24  # job保存时间

salt执行模块官方文档  https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/index.html

 

  • 如何将master的返回加入mysql数据库？

1）数据库表结构创建可参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian/p/5986964.html 的第三节“返回程序”

2）yum install -y MySQL-python  创建python的mysql模块

3）修改master配置文件

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vi /etc/salt/master
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.137.11'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt@pw'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306

4）重启  systemctl restart salt-master.service

5）测试：

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salt '*' test.ping
数据中查询 select * from  salt_returns;

 

  • 如何kill salt正在执行的任务？

文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.saltutil.html#module-salt.modules.saltutil

salt '*' saltutil.running  # 查看正在运行的任务，找到jid

salt '*' saltutil.kill_job jid  # 根据jid杀掉任务

salt '*' saltutil.clear_cache  # 清除minion缓存

备注：

1）正在执行的salt任务，job id会存在minion端的/var/cache/salt/minion/proc目录下

2）正在执行的salt任务，根据上面master cache的配置，Job的路径/var/cache/salt/master/jobs目录下

 

salt runners

官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/runners/index.html

命令：salt-run

举例：

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salt-run jobs.list_jobs  # 列出当前保存在job cache中的历史执行任务
salt-run jobs.lookup_jid jid  # 查看历史jid执行结果

备注： 我们通过salt命令开头执行时，所有的命令master端分发至minion端，由minion端自己执行，如果一个模块在master存在，在minion端不存在，就会出现执行失败的情况。为了解决这个问题，提供salt runners模块，它是将所有的命令在master端执行。

salt-run manage.status  #  查看minion的状态

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salt-run manage.down
salt-run manage.up

salt-run manage.versions  #  查看minion的版本

 

#######################################################################

SaltStack之无Master和多Master

  • Masterless架构，无Master

实现方式：

1）关闭minion进程

2）修改配置文件

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vi /etc/salt/minion
file_client: local

备注：其它配置项如file_roots、pillar_roots跟master一样，区别在于上面的配置项，将从master获取cache数据，改成了从本地获取cache数据。

3）编写SLS文件

4）执行命令：salt-call --local state.highstate

 

  • 多master架构

实现方式：

1）minion配置

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vi /etc/salt/minion
master:
  - 192.168.137.11
  - 192.168.137.21

2）SLS使用git或者SVN管理

另一种方式： NFS共享keys 、file_roots、pillar_roots，但是不安全。

 

###################################################################

  • Saltstack之Syndic

使用条件：

1、salt syndic必须运行在一台master上

2、salt syndic必须依赖更高级的master

安装

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yum install -y salt-syndic

配置

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vi /etc/salt/master
syndic_master: 192.168.137.12

备注：syndic和master共用一个配置文件

重启master： systemctl restart salt-master

启动sydic： systemctl start salt-syndic

 

更高级master修改配置（上图中第一排的master）

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vi /etc/salt/master
order_masters: True  # 管理syndic

启动高级master：systemctl start salt-master

 

使用

1）认证，master与syndic需要认证

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salt-key -A

2）master执行命令，通过syndic分发到个minion，然后返回结果

 

重点：syndic的file_roots和pillar_rotts必须与高级master一致。

缺点：高级master并不知道自己到底有多少minion。

#################################################################

  • Saltstack之SSH

安装

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yum install -y salt-ssh

官方文档  https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/ssh/index.html

 

配置

管理/etc/salt/roster文件，配置需要管理的所有主机

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vi /etc/salt/roster
linux-node1.example.com:
  host: 192.168.137.11
  user: root
  port: 22
   
linux-node2.example.com:
  host: 192.168.137.12
  user: root
  port: 22

如何通过证书认证？

1）执行 salt-ssh '*' test.ping -i，提示输入密码；

2）用户输入一次密码后salt-ssh会将公钥发送到对应主机，例如:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys；

3）/etc/salt/pki/master/ssh目录下存master公钥和私钥。

备注：取消证书提示

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vi /root/.ssh/config
StricHostKeyChecking no

 

命令

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使用场景

1、不使用minion，通过salt-ssh控制所有主机

2、minion升级、重启，通过salt-ssh可以实现

 

###########################################################################

Saltstack-API

官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/netapi/all/salt.netapi.rest_cherrypy.html

参数：http://salt-api.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ref/netapis/all/saltapi.netapi.rest_cherrypy.html#a-rest-api-for-salt

使用条件：1）https调用，需要生成证书  2）配置文件 3）使用PAM验证 4）启动salt-api

 

安装

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yum install -y salt-api

 

实现方式

1）创建用户useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin saltapi

2）设置密码passwd saltapi

3）生成自签名证书

cd /etc/pki/tls/certs

mv localhost.crt /tmp

make testcert

cd /etc/pki/tls/private

如果上面生成证书时输入了密码，需要取消密码

openssl rsa -in localhost.key  -out salt_nopass.key

4）安装Cherrypy模块，版本3.2.6

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备注：centos6、7可以使用3.2.6版本，centos5安装时不要选版本号

5）修改master配置文件

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vi /etc/salt/master
default_include: master.d/*.conf

6）创建api配置文件

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cd /etc/salt/master.d/
vi api.conf
rest_cherrypy:
  host: 192.168.137.11
  port: 8000
  ssl_crt: /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt
  ssl_key: /etc/pki/tls/private/salt_nopass.key

备注：如果加disable_ssl: True，可以通过http请求。

性能优化：

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thread_pool: 100
socket_queue_size: 30

7）认证文件

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vi eauth.conf
external_auth:
  pam:
    saltapi:
      - .*
      - '@wheel'
      - '@runner'

备注： .*  # 所有模块可执行， '@wheel'  # salt key

centos5.9上yum安装的salt，eauth.conf配置需要注意，如下配置

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external_auth:
  pam:
    saltapi:
      - .*
      - '@local'
      - '@local_async'
      - '@wheel'
      - '@wheel_async'
      - '@runner'
      - '@runner_async'

8）重启master

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systemctl restart salt-master.service

9）启动api

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systemctl restart salt-api

10）需要修改master的配置对saltapi用户进行授权

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[root@test1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
external_auth:
  pam:
    saltapi:
      - .*
      - '@wheel'
[root@test1 ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon:                               [  OK  ]
Starting salt-master daemon:                               [  OK  ]

 

使用介绍

1）登录测试，使用curl请求

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curl -k https://192.168.137.11:8000/login \
    -H 'Accept: application/x-yaml' \
    -d username=saltapi \
    -d password=saltapi \
    -d eauth=pam

登录成功后系统返回token，用于后续交互使用。

2）获取minion资产数据测试，节点为linux-node1.example.com主机

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curl -k https://192.168.137.11:8000/minions/linux-node1.example.com \
    -H 'Accept: application/x-yaml' \
    -H 'X-Auth-Token: token内容'

3）查看所有minion存活主机

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curl -k https://192.168.137.11:8000/ \
    -H 'Accept: application/x-yaml' \
    -H 'X-Auth-Token: token内容' \
    -d client='runner' \
    -d fun='manage.status'

备注：client='runner'指的是在master执行，client='local'指的是在minion执行

4）ping测试

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curl -k https://192.168.137.11:8000/ \
    -H 'Accept: application/x-yaml' \
    -H 'X-Auth-Token: token内容' \
    -d client='local' \
    -d tgt='*' \
    -d fun='test.ping'

tgt表示目标，可以指定某一台minion

5）查看jobs

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curl -k https://192.168.137.11:8000/jobs \
    -H 'Accept: application/x-yaml' \
    -H 'X-Auth-Token: token内容'

6）查看具体一个jobs的执行结果

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curl -k https://192.168.137.11:8000/jobs/jobid \
    -H 'Accept: application/x-yaml' \
    -H 'X-Auth-Token: token内容'

 

#############################################################

Saltstack异步执行命令

salt执行命令有时候会有超时的问题，就是命令下发下去了，部分主机没有返回信息，这时候就很难判断命令或任务是否执行成功。因此，salt提供异步执行的功能，发出命令后立即返回一个jid。然后我们就可以根据这个jid来查询任务是否执行成功。

命令行实现异步

参数--async，返回job ID，根据job ID我们可以查询执行结果。

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salt --async '*' test.ping

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salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20161117163153353501

-v参数在返回结果的同时，一同返回本次任务的jid，如果超时还是会返回jid 

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salt -v '*' test.ping

 

API实现异步

任务执行代码样例，通过async方法执行异步命令获取返回job id，通过job方法查看执行结果。

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import requests
import json
 
def async(fun, tgt):
    """
    异步任务，获取jid
    """
    params = {'client': 'local_async', 'fun': fun, 'tgt': tgt}
    headers = {'X-Auth-Token': 登陆时获取的token}
    try:
        ret = requests.post(https://ip:port/, data=params, headers=headers, verify=False)
        ret = json.loads(ret.text)
        return ret['return'][0]['jid']
    except Exception as err:
        print err
         
def jobs_all(jid=None):
    """
    job_id=None, 查看salt cache中所有的job任务的执行结果
    job_id传值时，查看指定job id的执行结果
    """
    headers = {'X-Auth-Token': 登陆时获取的token}
    try:
        if jid is None:
            ret = requests.get(https://ip:port/jobs, headers=headers, verify=False)
        else:
            ret = requests.get('https://ip:port/jobs' + jid, headers=headers, verify=False)
        ret = json.loads(ret.text)
        return ret
    except Exception as err:
        logger.error(err)
         
jid = async('test.ping', '*')
jobs_all()
jobs_all(jid=jid)

 

查看官方文档获取详细帮助 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/netapi/all/salt.netapi.rest_cherrypy.html#id1

 

#######################################################################

在windows下通过Salt-Minion-xxxx.xx.x-AMD64-Setup.exe安装salt-minion的时候，默认是安装并开机启动salt-minion服务。但是如果以服务的方式启动salt-minion的话，windows的可视化操作是不能被控制的。为了能够通过salt-minion来操控windows的可视化界面，需要禁用salt-minion服务，并且用进程的方式启动salt-minion。

解决方案

1. 开始>>运行>>services.msc  将salt-minion服务给停止并将启动类型设为手动

2.命令行方式运行C:\salt\salt-minion.exe

3.将C:\salt\salt-minion.exe加入启动，以后服务器重启可以实现salt自启动

 

posted on 2019-04-04 16:47  五光十色  阅读(363)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报

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