1 【Output Comment】
Generates a comment that can be viewed in the HTML source file.
Generates a comment that is sent to the client in the viewable page source.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<!-- comment [ <%= expression %> ] -->
▲ Example
Example 1
<!-- This file displays the user login screen -->
Displays in the page source:
<!-- This file displays the user login screen -->
Example 2
<!-- This page was loaded on
<%= (new java.util.Date()).toLocaleString() %> -->
Displays in the page source:
<!-- This page was loaded on January 1, 2000 -->
▲ ［Description］
The JSP engine handles an output comment as uninterpreted HTML text,
returning the comment in the HTML output sent to the client. You can
see the comment by viewing the page source from your Web browser.
An Expression included in a comment is dynamic and is evaluated when
the Webbrowser loads the page (that is, when the user first loads the
page or reloads it later). You can use any valid JSP expression.
--
2 【Hidden Comment】
Documents the JSP page but is not sent to the client.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<%-- comment --%>
▲［Examples］
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>A Comment Test</title></head>
<body>
<h2>A Test of Comments</h2>
<%-- This comment will not be visible in the page source --%>
</body>
</html>
▲［Description］
The JSP engine ignores a hidden comment, and does not process any code
within hidden comment tags. A hidden comment is not sent to the client,
either in the displayed JSP page or the HTML page source. The hidden
comment is useful when you want to hide or "comment out" part of your
JSP page.
You can use any characters in the body of the comment except the closing
--%> combination. If you need to use --%> in your comment, you can escape
it by typing --%\>.
--
3 【Declaration】
Declares a variable or method valid in the scripting language used in the page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%! declarations %>
▲ ［Examples］
<%! int i = 0; %>
<%! int a, b, c; %>
<%! Circle a = new Circle(2.0); %>
▲ ［Description］
A declaration declares one or more variables or methods for use later in
the JSP source file.
A declaration must contain at least one complete declarative statement.
You can declare any number of variables or methods within one declaration tag,
as long as they are separated by semicolons. The declaration must be valid in
the scripting language used in the JSP file. In JSP 1.0, you must use the
JavaTM programming language for scripting, and declarations must conform to
the Java Language Specification.
When you use the Java programming language for scripting, remember these
rules:
(1) You must end the declaration with a semicolon (the same rule as for a
Scriptlet, but the opposite of an Expression).
(2) You must declare the variable or method before you use it in the JSP file.
(3) You can already use variables or methods that are declared in packages
imported by the Page Directive, so there is no need to declare them.
In general, a declaration has page scope, so it is valid in scriptlets,
expressions, and other declarations within the same JSP source file. But
if a JSP file includes other files, the rules of scope become a bit trickier.
The rules of scope for declarations are described below:
(1) If the JSP source file does not include any other files, declarations have
page scope.
(2) If the JSP source file includes a dynamic file with <jsp:include>,
declarations have page scope.
(3) If the JSP source file includes static files with <jsp:include> or
the Include Directive, declarations have translation unit scope.
A translation unit is the JSP source file plus all of its static
include files, but without any dynamic include files.
--
4 【Expression】
Contains an expression valid in the scripting language used in the page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%= expression %>
▲ ［Examples］
The map file has <font color="blue"><%= map.getCount() %></font> entries.
Good guess, but nope. Try <b><%= numguess.getHint() %></b>.
▲ ［Description］
An expression tag contains a scripting language expression that is evaluated,
converted to a String, and inserted where the expression appears in the JSP
file. Because the value of an expression is converted to a String, you can
use an expression within text in a JSP file.
When you use the Java language for scripting, remember these points:
(1) You cannot use a semicolon to end an expression (however, the same
expression within scriptlet tags requires the semicolon; see Scriptlet).
(2) The expression tag can contain any expression that is valid according to
the Java Language Specification.
(3) You can sometimes use expressions as attribute values in JSP tags
(see the JavaServer PagesTM Syntax Card).
(4) If an expression has more than one part, the parts are evaluated in
left-to-right order as they appear in the tag.
--
5 【Scriptlet】
Contains a code fragment valid in the scripting language used in the page.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<% code fragment %>
▲ ［Examples］
<%
String name = null;
if (request.getParameter("name") == null) {
%>
<%@ include file="error.html" %>
<%
} else {
foo.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
if (foo.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("integra"))
name = "acura";
if (name.equalsIgnoreCase( "acura" )) {
%>
▲ ［Description］
A scriptlet can contain any number of language statements, variable
or method declarations, or expressions that are valid in the page scripting
language.
Within scriptlet tags, you can do any of the following:
(1) Declare variables or methods to use later in the file
(see also Declaration)
(2) Write expressions valid in the page scripting language
(see also Expression).
(3) Use any of the JSP implicit objects or any object declared with
a <jsp:useBean> tag.
(4) Write any other statement valid in the page scripting language
(if you use the Java programming language, the statements must conform
to the Java Language Specification).
(5) You must write plain text, HTML-encoded text, or other JSP tags outside
the scriptlet.
Scriptlets are executed at request time, when the JSP engine processes
the client request. If the scriptlet produces output, the output is stored
in the out object, from which you can display it.
--
6 【Include Directive】
Includes a file of text or code when the JSP page is translated.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<%@ include file="relativeURL" %>
▲［Examples］
include.jsp:
<html>
<head><title>An Include Test</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<font color="blue">
The current date and time are
<%@ include file="date.jsp" %>
</font>
</body>
</html>
date.jsp:
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<%= (new java.util.Date() ).toLocaleString() %>
Displays in the page:
The current date and time are
Aug 30, 1999 2:38:40
▲［Description］
The include directive inserts a file of text or code in a JSP file at
translation time, when the JSP file is compiled. The include process
is static. A static include means that the text of the included file
is added to the JSP file. The included file can be a JSP file, HTML
file, or text file. If the included file is a JSP file, its JSP tags
are parsed and their results included (along with any other text) in
the JSP file.
You can only use include to include static files. This means that the
parsed result of the included file is added to the JSP file where the
include directive is placed. Once the included file is parsed and included,
processing resumes with the next line of the calling JSP file.
The included file can be an HTML file, a JSP file, a text file, or a code
file written in the Java programming language. Be careful, though, that
the included file does not contain <html>, </html>, <body>, or </body> tags.
Because the entire content of the included file is added at that location
in the JSP file, these tags would conflict with similar tags in the JSP file.
Some of the behaviors of the include directive depend on the JSP engine, for
example:
The included file may be open and available to all requests, or it may have
security restrictions.
The JSP page may be recompiled if the included file changes.
▲［Attributes］
file="relativeURL"
The pathname to the included file, which can contain any text or code that
is valid in a JSP file. The value of file is always a relative URL.
Simply put, a relative URL is just the path segment of an URL, without the
protocol, port, or domain:
"error.jsp"
"/templates/onlinestore.html"
"/beans/calendar.jsp"
If the relative URL starts with /, the path is relative to the JSP
application's context, which is a javax.servlet.ServletContext object
that is in turn stored in the application object. If the relative URL starts
with a directory or file name, the path is relative to the JSP file.
Tip
If you are including a text file and do not want the text to be displayed
in the JSP page, place comment tags around the text in the text file.
--
【Page Directive】
Defines attributes that apply to an entire JSP page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%@ page
[ language="java" ]
[ extends="package.class" ]
[ import= "{ package.class | package.* }, ..." ]
[ session="true|false" ]
[ buffer="none|8kb|sizekb" ]
[ autoFlush="true|false" ]
[ isThreadSafe="true|false" ]
[ info="text" ]
[ errorPage="relativeURL" ]
[ contentType="mimeType [ ;charset=characterSet ]" |
"text/html ; charset=ISO-8859-1" ]
[ isErrorPage="true|false" ]
%>
▲［Examples］
<%@ page import="java.util.*, java.lang.*" %>
<%@ page buffer="5kb" autoFlush="false" %>
<%@ page errorPage="error.jsp" %>
▲［Description］
The page directive applies to an entire JSP file and any static files it
includes with the Include Directive or <jsp:include>, which together are
called a translation unit. Note that the page directive does not apply
to any dynamic included files; (see <jsp:include> for more information.)
You can use the page directive more than once in a translation unit, but
youcan only use each attribute, except import, once. (Because the import
attribute is similar to the import statement in the Java programming
language, you can use it more than once, just as you would use multiple
import commands in the Java programming language) No matter where you
position the page directive in the JSP file or included files, it applies
to the entire translation unit. However, it is usually good programming
style to place it at the top of the file.
▲［Attributes］
(1) language="java"
The scripting language used in scriptlets, declarations, and expressions
in the JSP file and any included files. In JSP 1.0, the only allowed value
is java.
(2) extends="package.class"
The fully qualified name of the superclass of the Java class file this JSP
file will be compiled to. Use this attribute cautiously, as it can limit
the JSP engine's ability to provide a specialized superclass that improves
the quality of the compiled file.
(3) import= "{ package.class | package.* }, ..."
A comma-separated list of one or more packages that the JSP file should
import. The packages (and their classes) are available to scriptlets,
expressions, declarations, and tags within the JSP file. You must place
the import attribute before the tag that calls the imported class. If you
want to import more than one package, you can specify a comma-separated
list after import or you can use import more than once in a JSP file.
(4)session="true|false"
Whether the client must join an HTTP session in order to use the JSP page.
If the value is true, the session object refers to the current or new
session. If the value is false, you cannot use the session object in the
JSP file. The default value is true.
(5)buffer="none|8kb|sizekb"
The buffer size in kilobytes used by the out object to handle output sent
from the compiled JSP page to the client Web browser. The default value is
8kb. If you specify a buffer size, the output is buffered with at least
the size you specified.
(6)autoFlush="true|false"
Whether the buffered output should be flushed automatically when the
buffer is full. If true (the default value), means that the buffer will
be flushed.If false, means that an exception will be raised when the
buffer overflows.
You cannot set autoFlush to false when the value of buffer is none.
(7)isThreadSafe="true|false"
Whether thread safety is implemented in the JSP file. The default value is
true, which means that the JSP engine can send multiple requests to the page
concurrently. If you use true (the default value), multiple threads can
access the JSP page, and you must synchronize them. If you use false, the
JSP engine sends client requests one at a time to the JSP page.
(8)info="text"
A text string that is incorporated verbatim in the compiled JSP page. You
can later retrieve the string with the Servlet.getServletInfo() method.
(9)errorPage="relativeURL"
A pathname to a JSP file that this JSP file sends exceptions to. If the path
name begins with a /, the path is relative to the JSP application's document
root directory and is resolved by the Web server. If not, the pathname is
relative to the current JSP file.
(10)isErrorPage="true|false"
Whether the JSP file displays an error page. If true, you can use the
exception object, which contains a reference to the thrown exception,
in the JSP file. If false (the default value), means that you cannot use
the exception object in the JSP file.
(11)contentType="mimeType [ ;charset=characterSet ]" |
"text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"
The MIME type and character encoding the JSP file uses for the response it
sends to the client. You can use any MIME type or character set that are
valid for the JSP engine. The default MIME type is text/html, and the
default character set is ISO-8859-1.
--
【Taglib Directive】
Defines a tag library and prefix for the custom tags used in the JSP page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%@ taglib uri="URIToTagLibrary" prefix="tagPrefix" %>
▲［Examples］
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.jspcentral.com/tags" prefix="public" %>
<public:loop>
.
.
</public:loop>
▲［Description］
The taglib directive declares that the JSP file uses custom tags, names the
tag library that defines them, and specifies their tag prefix.
You must use a taglib directive before you use the custom tag in a JSP file.
You can use more than one taglib directive in a JSP file, but the prefix
defined in each must be unique.
In JSP 1.0, the method of creating portable custom tags that can be
recognized by any servlet engine is not yet defined. Some JSP engines
might allow you to create custom tags, but those tags might not be recognized
by other JSPengines.
▲［Attributes］
(1)uri="URIToTagLibrary"
The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uniquely names the set of custom
tags associated with the named tag prefix. A URI can be any of the following
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), as defined in RFC 2396
A Uniform Resource Name (URN), as defined in RFC 2396
An absolute or relative pathname
(2)prefix="tagPrefix"
The prefix that precedes the custom tag name, for example, public in
<public:loop>. Empty prefixes are illegal. If you are developing or using
custom tags, you cannot use the tag prefixes jsp, jspx, java, javax, servlet
, sun, and sunw, as they are reserved by Sun Microsystems.
--
【<jsp:getProperty>】
Gets the value of a Bean property so that you can display it in a result
page.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:getProperty name="beanInstanceName" property="propertyName" />
▲ ［Examples］
<jsp:useBean id="calendar" scope="page" class="employee.Calendar" />
<h2>
Calendar of <jsp:getProperty name="calendar" property="username" />
</h2>
▲［Description］
You must create or locate a Bean instance with <jsp:useBean> before you use
<jsp:getProperty>.
The <jsp:getProperty> tag gets a Bean property value using the property's
get method, converts the value of a Bean property to a String and stores it
in the out object.
In JSP 1.0, <jsp:getProperty> has a few limitations you should be aware of:
(1)You cannot use <jsp:getProperty> to retrieve the values of an indexed
property.
(2)You can use <jsp:getProperty> with JavaBeans components, but not with enterp
rise beans. You can get around this limitation by writing a JSP application
in which a JSP file gets values from a Bean, and the Bean in turns calls an
enterprise bean.
▲［Attributes］
(1)name="beanInstanceName"
The name of the Bean instance as declared in a <jsp:useBean> tag.
(2)property="propertyName"
The name of the Bean property whose value you want to display.
--
【<jsp:getProperty>】
Gets the value of a Bean property so that you can display it in a result
page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:getProperty name="beanInstanceName" property="propertyName" />
Examples
<jsp:useBean id="calendar" scope="page" class="employee.Calendar" />
<h2>
Calendar of <jsp:getProperty name="calendar" property="username" />
</h2>
▲［Description］
You must create or locate a Bean instance with <jsp:useBean> before you
use <jsp:getProperty>.
The <jsp:getProperty> tag gets a Bean property value using the property's
get method, converts the value of a Bean property to a String and stores it
in the out object.
In JSP 1.0, <jsp:getProperty> has a few limitations you should be aware of:
(1)You cannot use <jsp:getProperty> to retrieve the values of an indexed
property.
(2)You can use <jsp:getProperty> with JavaBeans components, but not with
enterprise beans. You can get around this limitation by writing a JSP
application in which a JSP file gets values from a Bean, and the Bean
in turns calls an enterprise bean.
▲［Attributes］
(1)name="beanInstanceName"
The name of the Bean instance as declared in a <jsp:useBean> tag.
(2)property="propertyName"
The name of the Bean property whose value you want to display.
--
【<jsp:include>】
Sends a request to an object and includes the result in a JSP file.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:include page="{ relativeURL | <%= expression %>}" flush="true" />
▲［Examples］
<jsp:include page="scripts/login.jsp" />
<jsp:include page="copyright.html" />
<jsp:include page="/index.html" />
▲［Description］
The <jsp:include> tag allows you to include either a static or dynamic file.
A static file is parsed and its content included in the calling JSP page.
A dynamic file acts on the request and sends back a result that is included
in the JSP page.
You cannot always determine from a pathname if a file is static or dynamic.
For example, a pathname like http://server:8080/index.html might map to a
dynamic servlet by using a Web server alias. The <jsp:include> tag handles
both types of files, so it is convenient to use when you don't know whether
the file is static or dynamic.
When the include action is finished, the JSP engine continues processing the
remainder of the JSP file.
▲［Attributes］?nbsp;
(1) page="{ relativeURL | <%= expression %>}"
The relative URL to the file to be included, or an expression that evaluates
to a String equivalent to the relative URL.
The relative URL looks like a pathname-it cannot contain a protocol name,
port number, or domain name. The URL can be absolute or relative to the
current JSP file. If it is absolute (beginning with a /), the pathname is
resolved by your Web or application server.
(2) flush="true"
In JSP 1.0, you must include flush="true", as it is not a default value.
--
【<jsp:plugin>】
Downloads a Java plugin to the client Web browser to execute an applet or
Bean.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:plugin
type="bean|applet"
code="classFileName"
codebase="classFileDirectoryName"
[ name="instanceName" ]
[ archive="URIToArchive, ..." ]
[ align="bottom|top|middle|left|right" ]
[ height="displayPixels" ]
[ width="displayPixels" ]
[ hspace="leftRightPixels" ]
[ vspace="topBottomPixels" ]
[ jreversion="JREVersionNumber | 1.1" ]
[ nspluginurl="URLToPlugin" ]
[ iepluginurl="URLToPlugin" ] >
[ <jsp:params>
[ <jsp:param name="parameterName" value="parameterValue" /> ]+
</jsp:params> ]
[ <jsp:fallback> text message for user </jsp:fallback> ]
</jsp:plugin>
▲［Examples］
<jsp:plugin type=applet code="Molecule.class" codebase="/html">
<jsp:params>
<jsp:param name="molecule" value="molecules/benzene.mol" />
</jsp:params>
<jsp:fallback>
<p>Unable to load applet</p>
</jsp:fallback>
</jsp:plugin>
▲ ［Description］
The <jsp:plugin> tag is replaced by either an <object> or <embed> tag, which
ever is most appropriate for the client Web browser (the <object> tag is for
browsers that use HTML 4.0).
The <jsp:params> element sends parameter names and values to an applet or
Bean at startup. The <jsp:fallback> element provides a message for the user
if the plugin does not start. If the plugin starts but the applet or Bean does
not, the plugin usually displays a popup window explaining the error to the
user.
The <jsp:plugin> tag takes most of its attributes from the HTML <applet> and
<object> tags (<applet> is defined in HTML 3.2 and <object> in HTML 4.0).
You may want to refer to the official HTML specifications in which these tags
are introduced:
For HTML 3.2: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32.html
For HTML 4.0: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/
▲[Attributes]
(1) type="bean|applet"
The type of object the plugin will execute. You must specify either bean
or applet, as this attribute has no default value.
(2)code="classFileName"
The name of the Java class file that the plugin will execute. You must
include the .class extension in the name following code. The filename is
relative to the directory named in the codebase attribute.
(3)codebase="classFileDirectoryName"
The absolute or relative path to the directory that contains the applet's
code. If you do not supply a value, the path of the JSP file that calls
<jsp:plugin> is used.
name="instanceName"
A name for the Bean or applet instance, which makes it possible for applets
or Beans called by the same JSP file to communicate with each other.
(4) archive="URIToArchive, ..."
A comma-separated list of paths that locate archive files to be preloaded
with a class loader located in the directory named in codebase. The archive
files are loaded securely, often over a network, and typically improve the
applet's performance.
(5)align="bottom|top|middle|left|right"
The positioning of the image displayed by the applet or Bean relative to the
line in the JSP result page that corresponds to the line in the JSP file
containing the <jsp:plugin> tag. The results of the different values are
listed below:
bottom Aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline of the text line.
top Aligns the top of the image with the top of the text line.
middle Aligns the vertical center of the image with the baseline of the text
line.
left Floats the image to the left margin and flows text along the image's
right side.
right Floats the image to the right margin and flows text along the image's
left side.
(6)height="displayPixels" width="displayPixels"
The initial height and width, in pixels, of the image the applet or Bean
displays, not counting any windows or dialog boxes the applet or Bean
brings up.
(7)hspace="leftRightPixels" vspace="topBottomPixels"
The amount of space, in pixels, to the left and right (or top and bottom)
of the image the applet or Bean displays. Must be a small nonzero number.
(8)jreversion="JREVersionNumber|1.1"
The version of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) the applet or Bean
requires. The default value is 1.1.
nspluginurl="URLToPlugin"
The URL where the user can download the JRE plugin for Netscape Navigator.
The value is a full URL, with a protocol name, optional port number, and
domain name.
(9)iepluginurl="URLToPlugin"
The URL where the user can download the JRE plugin for Internet Explorer.
The value is a full URL, with a protocol name, optional port number, and
domain name.
<jsp:params> [ <jsp:param name="parameterName" value="parameterValue" /> ]+
</jsp:params>
The parameters and values that you want to pass to the applet or Bean.
To specify more than one name and value, use multiple <jsp:param> tags
within the <jsp:params> element. Applets read parameters with the
java.applet.Applet.getParameter method.
<jsp:fallback> text message for user </jsp:fallback>
A text message to display for the user if the plugin cannot be started.
--
【<jsp:setProperty>】
Sets a property value or values in a Bean.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:setProperty
name="beanInstanceName"
{ property= "*" |
property="propertyName" [ param="parameterName" ] |
property="propertyName" value="{ string | <%= expression %> }"
}
/>
▲［Examples］
<jsp:setProperty name="mybean" property="*" />
<jsp:setProperty name="mybean" property="username" />
<jsp:setProperty name="mybean" property="username" value="Steve" />
▲［Description］
The <jsp:setProperty> tag sets the value of one or more properties in a
JavaBean component, using the Bean's set methods. You must use a
<jsp:useBean> tag to declare the Bean before you use <jsp:setProperty>.
The value of name in <jsp:setProperty> must match the value of id in
<jsp:useBean>.With <jsp:setProperty>, you can set property values in
several ways:
· By passing all of the values in the user's request (stored as parameters
in the request object) to matching properties in the Bean
· By passing a specific value in the request object to a matching property
or a property of a different name in the Bean
· By explicitly setting a Bean property to a value specified as a String or
the result of an expression
Each method of setting property values has its own syntax, as described in
the next section.
▲［Attributes and Usage］
· name="beanInstanceName"
The name of an instance of a Bean that has already been created or located
with a <jsp:useBean> tag. The value of name must match the value of id in
<jsp:useBean>. The <jsp:useBean> tag must appear before <jsp:setProperty>
in the same JSP file.
· property="*"
Stores all of the values in the request object parameters (called request
parameters) in matching Bean properties. The property names in the Bean
must match the request parameters. The parameter names usually come from
the elements of an HTML form, and the values come from the data the user
enters.
The values of the request parameters are always of type String. The String
values are converted to other data types so they can be stored in Bean
properties. The allowed Bean property types and their conversion methods
are shown
in TABLE 1-1.
How <jsp:setProperty> Converts Strings to Other Values
Property -------Type String Is Converted Using
boolean or Boolean-------- java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(String)
byte or Byte---------- java.lang.Byte.valueOf(String)
char or Character--------- java.lang.Character.valueOf(String)
double or Double---------- java.lang.Double.valueOf(String)
integer or Integer--------- java.lang.Integer.valueOf(String)
float or Float---------- java.lang.Float.valueOf(String)
long or Long------------ java.lang.Long.valueOf(String)
You can also use <jsp:setProperty> to set the value of an indexed property
in a Bean. The indexed property must have one of the types shown in TABLE
1-1, and the request value assigned to it must be an array of the same type.
The array elements are converted using the conversion methods shown in
TABLE 1-1.
If a request parameter has an empty or null value, the corresponding Bean
property is not set. Likewise, if the Bean has a property that does not
have a matching request parameter, the property value is not set.
property="propertyName" [ param="parameterName" ]
Sets one Bean property to the value of one request parameter. The request
parameter can have a different name than the Bean property, and if so, you
must specify param. If the Bean property and request parameter have the
same name, you can omit param.
If the parameter has an empty or null value, the corresponding Bean property
is not set.
You cannot use both the param and value attributes in a <jsp:setProperty>
tag.
property="propertyName" value="{ string | <%= expression %> }"
Sets one Bean property to a specific value. The value can be a String or
an Expression. If you use a String, it is converted to the Bean property's
data type, according to the conversion rules shown above in TABLE 1-1. If
you use an expression, the data type of the value of the expression must
match the data type of the Bean property.
If the parameter has an empty or null value, the corresponding Bean property
is not set.
You cannot use both the param and value attributes in a <jsp:setProperty>
tag.
--
【<jsp:useBean>】
Locates or instantiates a Bean with a specific name and scope.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:useBean
id="beanInstanceName"
scope="page|request|session|application"
{ class="package.class" |
type="package.class" |
class="package.class" type="package.class" |
beanName="{ package.class | <%= expression %> }" type="package.class"
}
{ /> |
> other tags </jsp:useBean>
}
▲［Examples］
<jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="session" class="session.Carts" />
<jsp:setProperty name="cart" property="*" />
<jsp:useBean id="checking" scope="session" class="bank.Checking" >
<jsp:setProperty name="checking" property="balance" value="0.0" />
</jsp:useBean>
▲［Description］
The <jsp:useBean> tag attempts to locates a Bean, or if the Bean does not
exist, instantiates it from a class or serialized template. To locate or
instantiate the Bean, <jsp:useBean> takes the following steps, in this order:
Attempts to locate a Bean with the scope and name you specify.
Defines an object reference variable with the name you specify.
If it finds the Bean, stores a reference to it in the variable. If you
specified type, gives the Bean that type.
If it does not find the Bean, instantiates it from the class you specify,
storing a reference to it in the new variable. If the class name represents
a serialized template, the Bean is instantiated by java.beans.Beans.
instantiate.
If it has instantiated (rather than located) the Bean, and if it has body
tags (between <jsp:useBean> and </jsp:useBean>), executes the body tags.
The body of a <jsp:useBean> tag often contains a <jsp:setProperty> tag that
defines property values in the object. As described in Step 5, the body tags
are only processed if <jsp:useBean> instantiates the Bean. If the Bean
already exists and <jsp:useBean> locates it, the body tags have no effect.
In JSP 1.0, <jsp:useBean> works with JavaBeans components, but not with ente
rprise beans. If you want to use enterprise beans, you can write a JSP file
that constructs a JavaBean component, and have the JavaBean component call t
he enterprise bean.
【Attributes and Usage】
(1) id="beanInstanceName"
Names a variable that identifies the Bean in the scope you specify. You can
use the variable name in expressions or scriptlets in the same JSP file.
The name is case sensitive and must conform to the naming conventions of the
page scripting language (if you use the Java programming language, the
conventions in the Java Language Specification). If the Bean has already been
created by another <jsp:useBean> tag, the value of id must match the value of
id used in the original <jsp:useBean> tag.
(2) scope="page|request|session|application"
Defines a scope in which the Bean exists and the variable named in id is
available. The default value is page.
(3)class="package.class"
Instantiates a Bean from a class, using the new keyword and the class constr
uctor. The class must not be abstract and must have a public, no-argument co
nstructor. The package and class name are case sensitive.
(4)class="package.class" type="package.class"
Instantiates a Bean from a class, using the new keyword and the class
constructor, and gives the Bean the type you specify in type. The class you
specify in class must not be abstract and must have a public, no-argument
constructor. The package and class names you use with both class and type are
case sensitive.
The value of type can be the same as class, a superclass of class, or an int
erface implemented by class.
(5) beanName="{ package.class | <%= expression %> }" type="package.class"
Instantiates a Bean from either a class or a serialized template, using the
java.beans.Beans.instantiate method, and gives the Bean the type specified
in type. Beans.instantiate checks whether a name represents a class or a seri
alized template. If the Bean is a serialized template, Beans.instantiate rea
ds the serialized form (with a name like package.class.ser) using a class lo
ader. For more information, see the JavaBeans API Specification.
The value of beanName is either a package and class name or an Expression th
at evaluates to a package and class name, and is passed to Beans.instantiate
. The value of type is a package and class name. The value of type can be
the same as beanName, a superclass of beanName, or an interface implemented by
beanName.
With both beanName and type, the package and class names are case sensitive.
(6)type="package.class"
If the Bean already exists in the specified scope, gives the Bean the type
you specify. If you use type without class or beanName, no Bean is
instantiated. The package and class name are case sensitive.
--
Generates a comment that can be viewed in the HTML source file.
Generates a comment that is sent to the client in the viewable page source.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<!-- comment [ <%= expression %> ] -->
▲ Example
Example 1
<!-- This file displays the user login screen -->
Displays in the page source:
<!-- This file displays the user login screen -->
Example 2
<!-- This page was loaded on
<%= (new java.util.Date()).toLocaleString() %> -->
Displays in the page source:
<!-- This page was loaded on January 1, 2000 -->
▲ ［Description］
The JSP engine handles an output comment as uninterpreted HTML text,
returning the comment in the HTML output sent to the client. You can
see the comment by viewing the page source from your Web browser.
An Expression included in a comment is dynamic and is evaluated when
the Webbrowser loads the page (that is, when the user first loads the
page or reloads it later). You can use any valid JSP expression.
--
2 【Hidden Comment】
Documents the JSP page but is not sent to the client.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<%-- comment --%>
▲［Examples］
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>A Comment Test</title></head>
<body>
<h2>A Test of Comments</h2>
<%-- This comment will not be visible in the page source --%>
</body>
</html>
▲［Description］
The JSP engine ignores a hidden comment, and does not process any code
within hidden comment tags. A hidden comment is not sent to the client,
either in the displayed JSP page or the HTML page source. The hidden
comment is useful when you want to hide or "comment out" part of your
JSP page.
You can use any characters in the body of the comment except the closing
--%> combination. If you need to use --%> in your comment, you can escape
it by typing --%\>.
--
3 【Declaration】
Declares a variable or method valid in the scripting language used in the page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%! declarations %>
▲ ［Examples］
<%! int i = 0; %>
<%! int a, b, c; %>
<%! Circle a = new Circle(2.0); %>
▲ ［Description］
A declaration declares one or more variables or methods for use later in
the JSP source file.
A declaration must contain at least one complete declarative statement.
You can declare any number of variables or methods within one declaration tag,
as long as they are separated by semicolons. The declaration must be valid in
the scripting language used in the JSP file. In JSP 1.0, you must use the
JavaTM programming language for scripting, and declarations must conform to
the Java Language Specification.
When you use the Java programming language for scripting, remember these
rules:
(1) You must end the declaration with a semicolon (the same rule as for a
Scriptlet, but the opposite of an Expression).
(2) You must declare the variable or method before you use it in the JSP file.
(3) You can already use variables or methods that are declared in packages
imported by the Page Directive, so there is no need to declare them.
In general, a declaration has page scope, so it is valid in scriptlets,
expressions, and other declarations within the same JSP source file. But
if a JSP file includes other files, the rules of scope become a bit trickier.
The rules of scope for declarations are described below:
(1) If the JSP source file does not include any other files, declarations have
page scope.
(2) If the JSP source file includes a dynamic file with <jsp:include>,
declarations have page scope.
(3) If the JSP source file includes static files with <jsp:include> or
the Include Directive, declarations have translation unit scope.
A translation unit is the JSP source file plus all of its static
include files, but without any dynamic include files.
--
4 【Expression】
Contains an expression valid in the scripting language used in the page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%= expression %>
▲ ［Examples］
The map file has <font color="blue"><%= map.getCount() %></font> entries.
Good guess, but nope. Try <b><%= numguess.getHint() %></b>.
▲ ［Description］
An expression tag contains a scripting language expression that is evaluated,
converted to a String, and inserted where the expression appears in the JSP
file. Because the value of an expression is converted to a String, you can
use an expression within text in a JSP file.
When you use the Java language for scripting, remember these points:
(1) You cannot use a semicolon to end an expression (however, the same
expression within scriptlet tags requires the semicolon; see Scriptlet).
(2) The expression tag can contain any expression that is valid according to
the Java Language Specification.
(3) You can sometimes use expressions as attribute values in JSP tags
(see the JavaServer PagesTM Syntax Card).
(4) If an expression has more than one part, the parts are evaluated in
left-to-right order as they appear in the tag.
--
5 【Scriptlet】
Contains a code fragment valid in the scripting language used in the page.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<% code fragment %>
▲ ［Examples］
<%
String name = null;
if (request.getParameter("name") == null) {
%>
<%@ include file="error.html" %>
<%
} else {
foo.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
if (foo.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("integra"))
name = "acura";
if (name.equalsIgnoreCase( "acura" )) {
%>
▲ ［Description］
A scriptlet can contain any number of language statements, variable
or method declarations, or expressions that are valid in the page scripting
language.
Within scriptlet tags, you can do any of the following:
(1) Declare variables or methods to use later in the file
(see also Declaration)
(2) Write expressions valid in the page scripting language
(see also Expression).
(3) Use any of the JSP implicit objects or any object declared with
a <jsp:useBean> tag.
(4) Write any other statement valid in the page scripting language
(if you use the Java programming language, the statements must conform
to the Java Language Specification).
(5) You must write plain text, HTML-encoded text, or other JSP tags outside
the scriptlet.
Scriptlets are executed at request time, when the JSP engine processes
the client request. If the scriptlet produces output, the output is stored
in the out object, from which you can display it.
--
6 【Include Directive】
Includes a file of text or code when the JSP page is translated.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<%@ include file="relativeURL" %>
▲［Examples］
include.jsp:
<html>
<head><title>An Include Test</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<font color="blue">
The current date and time are
<%@ include file="date.jsp" %>
</font>
</body>
</html>
date.jsp:
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<%= (new java.util.Date() ).toLocaleString() %>
Displays in the page:
The current date and time are
Aug 30, 1999 2:38:40
▲［Description］
The include directive inserts a file of text or code in a JSP file at
translation time, when the JSP file is compiled. The include process
is static. A static include means that the text of the included file
is added to the JSP file. The included file can be a JSP file, HTML
file, or text file. If the included file is a JSP file, its JSP tags
are parsed and their results included (along with any other text) in
the JSP file.
You can only use include to include static files. This means that the
parsed result of the included file is added to the JSP file where the
include directive is placed. Once the included file is parsed and included,
processing resumes with the next line of the calling JSP file.
The included file can be an HTML file, a JSP file, a text file, or a code
file written in the Java programming language. Be careful, though, that
the included file does not contain <html>, </html>, <body>, or </body> tags.
Because the entire content of the included file is added at that location
in the JSP file, these tags would conflict with similar tags in the JSP file.
Some of the behaviors of the include directive depend on the JSP engine, for
example:
The included file may be open and available to all requests, or it may have
security restrictions.
The JSP page may be recompiled if the included file changes.
▲［Attributes］
file="relativeURL"
The pathname to the included file, which can contain any text or code that
is valid in a JSP file. The value of file is always a relative URL.
Simply put, a relative URL is just the path segment of an URL, without the
protocol, port, or domain:
"error.jsp"
"/templates/onlinestore.html"
"/beans/calendar.jsp"
If the relative URL starts with /, the path is relative to the JSP
application's context, which is a javax.servlet.ServletContext object
that is in turn stored in the application object. If the relative URL starts
with a directory or file name, the path is relative to the JSP file.
Tip
If you are including a text file and do not want the text to be displayed
in the JSP page, place comment tags around the text in the text file.
--
【Page Directive】
Defines attributes that apply to an entire JSP page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%@ page
[ language="java" ]
[ extends="package.class" ]
[ import= "{ package.class | package.* }, ..." ]
[ session="true|false" ]
[ buffer="none|8kb|sizekb" ]
[ autoFlush="true|false" ]
[ isThreadSafe="true|false" ]
[ info="text" ]
[ errorPage="relativeURL" ]
[ contentType="mimeType [ ;charset=characterSet ]" |
"text/html ; charset=ISO-8859-1" ]
[ isErrorPage="true|false" ]
%>
▲［Examples］
<%@ page import="java.util.*, java.lang.*" %>
<%@ page buffer="5kb" autoFlush="false" %>
<%@ page errorPage="error.jsp" %>
▲［Description］
The page directive applies to an entire JSP file and any static files it
includes with the Include Directive or <jsp:include>, which together are
called a translation unit. Note that the page directive does not apply
to any dynamic included files; (see <jsp:include> for more information.)
You can use the page directive more than once in a translation unit, but
youcan only use each attribute, except import, once. (Because the import
attribute is similar to the import statement in the Java programming
language, you can use it more than once, just as you would use multiple
import commands in the Java programming language) No matter where you
position the page directive in the JSP file or included files, it applies
to the entire translation unit. However, it is usually good programming
style to place it at the top of the file.
▲［Attributes］
(1) language="java"
The scripting language used in scriptlets, declarations, and expressions
in the JSP file and any included files. In JSP 1.0, the only allowed value
is java.
(2) extends="package.class"
The fully qualified name of the superclass of the Java class file this JSP
file will be compiled to. Use this attribute cautiously, as it can limit
the JSP engine's ability to provide a specialized superclass that improves
the quality of the compiled file.
(3) import= "{ package.class | package.* }, ..."
A comma-separated list of one or more packages that the JSP file should
import. The packages (and their classes) are available to scriptlets,
expressions, declarations, and tags within the JSP file. You must place
the import attribute before the tag that calls the imported class. If you
want to import more than one package, you can specify a comma-separated
list after import or you can use import more than once in a JSP file.
(4)session="true|false"
Whether the client must join an HTTP session in order to use the JSP page.
If the value is true, the session object refers to the current or new
session. If the value is false, you cannot use the session object in the
JSP file. The default value is true.
(5)buffer="none|8kb|sizekb"
The buffer size in kilobytes used by the out object to handle output sent
from the compiled JSP page to the client Web browser. The default value is
8kb. If you specify a buffer size, the output is buffered with at least
the size you specified.
(6)autoFlush="true|false"
Whether the buffered output should be flushed automatically when the
buffer is full. If true (the default value), means that the buffer will
be flushed.If false, means that an exception will be raised when the
buffer overflows.
You cannot set autoFlush to false when the value of buffer is none.
(7)isThreadSafe="true|false"
Whether thread safety is implemented in the JSP file. The default value is
true, which means that the JSP engine can send multiple requests to the page
concurrently. If you use true (the default value), multiple threads can
access the JSP page, and you must synchronize them. If you use false, the
JSP engine sends client requests one at a time to the JSP page.
(8)info="text"
A text string that is incorporated verbatim in the compiled JSP page. You
can later retrieve the string with the Servlet.getServletInfo() method.
(9)errorPage="relativeURL"
A pathname to a JSP file that this JSP file sends exceptions to. If the path
name begins with a /, the path is relative to the JSP application's document
root directory and is resolved by the Web server. If not, the pathname is
relative to the current JSP file.
(10)isErrorPage="true|false"
Whether the JSP file displays an error page. If true, you can use the
exception object, which contains a reference to the thrown exception,
in the JSP file. If false (the default value), means that you cannot use
the exception object in the JSP file.
(11)contentType="mimeType [ ;charset=characterSet ]" |
"text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"
The MIME type and character encoding the JSP file uses for the response it
sends to the client. You can use any MIME type or character set that are
valid for the JSP engine. The default MIME type is text/html, and the
default character set is ISO-8859-1.
--
【Taglib Directive】
Defines a tag library and prefix for the custom tags used in the JSP page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<%@ taglib uri="URIToTagLibrary" prefix="tagPrefix" %>
▲［Examples］
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.jspcentral.com/tags" prefix="public" %>
<public:loop>
.
.
</public:loop>
▲［Description］
The taglib directive declares that the JSP file uses custom tags, names the
tag library that defines them, and specifies their tag prefix.
You must use a taglib directive before you use the custom tag in a JSP file.
You can use more than one taglib directive in a JSP file, but the prefix
defined in each must be unique.
In JSP 1.0, the method of creating portable custom tags that can be
recognized by any servlet engine is not yet defined. Some JSP engines
might allow you to create custom tags, but those tags might not be recognized
by other JSPengines.
▲［Attributes］
(1)uri="URIToTagLibrary"
The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uniquely names the set of custom
tags associated with the named tag prefix. A URI can be any of the following
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), as defined in RFC 2396
A Uniform Resource Name (URN), as defined in RFC 2396
An absolute or relative pathname
(2)prefix="tagPrefix"
The prefix that precedes the custom tag name, for example, public in
<public:loop>. Empty prefixes are illegal. If you are developing or using
custom tags, you cannot use the tag prefixes jsp, jspx, java, javax, servlet
, sun, and sunw, as they are reserved by Sun Microsystems.
--
【<jsp:getProperty>】
Gets the value of a Bean property so that you can display it in a result
page.
▲ ［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:getProperty name="beanInstanceName" property="propertyName" />
▲ ［Examples］
<jsp:useBean id="calendar" scope="page" class="employee.Calendar" />
<h2>
Calendar of <jsp:getProperty name="calendar" property="username" />
</h2>
▲［Description］
You must create or locate a Bean instance with <jsp:useBean> before you use
<jsp:getProperty>.
The <jsp:getProperty> tag gets a Bean property value using the property's
get method, converts the value of a Bean property to a String and stores it
in the out object.
In JSP 1.0, <jsp:getProperty> has a few limitations you should be aware of:
(1)You cannot use <jsp:getProperty> to retrieve the values of an indexed
property.
(2)You can use <jsp:getProperty> with JavaBeans components, but not with enterp
rise beans. You can get around this limitation by writing a JSP application
in which a JSP file gets values from a Bean, and the Bean in turns calls an
enterprise bean.
▲［Attributes］
(1)name="beanInstanceName"
The name of the Bean instance as declared in a <jsp:useBean> tag.
(2)property="propertyName"
The name of the Bean property whose value you want to display.
--
【<jsp:getProperty>】
Gets the value of a Bean property so that you can display it in a result
page.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:getProperty name="beanInstanceName" property="propertyName" />
Examples
<jsp:useBean id="calendar" scope="page" class="employee.Calendar" />
<h2>
Calendar of <jsp:getProperty name="calendar" property="username" />
</h2>
▲［Description］
You must create or locate a Bean instance with <jsp:useBean> before you
use <jsp:getProperty>.
The <jsp:getProperty> tag gets a Bean property value using the property's
get method, converts the value of a Bean property to a String and stores it
in the out object.
In JSP 1.0, <jsp:getProperty> has a few limitations you should be aware of:
(1)You cannot use <jsp:getProperty> to retrieve the values of an indexed
property.
(2)You can use <jsp:getProperty> with JavaBeans components, but not with
enterprise beans. You can get around this limitation by writing a JSP
application in which a JSP file gets values from a Bean, and the Bean
in turns calls an enterprise bean.
▲［Attributes］
(1)name="beanInstanceName"
The name of the Bean instance as declared in a <jsp:useBean> tag.
(2)property="propertyName"
The name of the Bean property whose value you want to display.
--
【<jsp:include>】
Sends a request to an object and includes the result in a JSP file.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:include page="{ relativeURL | <%= expression %>}" flush="true" />
▲［Examples］
<jsp:include page="scripts/login.jsp" />
<jsp:include page="copyright.html" />
<jsp:include page="/index.html" />
▲［Description］
The <jsp:include> tag allows you to include either a static or dynamic file.
A static file is parsed and its content included in the calling JSP page.
A dynamic file acts on the request and sends back a result that is included
in the JSP page.
You cannot always determine from a pathname if a file is static or dynamic.
For example, a pathname like http://server:8080/index.html might map to a
dynamic servlet by using a Web server alias. The <jsp:include> tag handles
both types of files, so it is convenient to use when you don't know whether
the file is static or dynamic.
When the include action is finished, the JSP engine continues processing the
remainder of the JSP file.
▲［Attributes］?nbsp;
(1) page="{ relativeURL | <%= expression %>}"
The relative URL to the file to be included, or an expression that evaluates
to a String equivalent to the relative URL.
The relative URL looks like a pathname-it cannot contain a protocol name,
port number, or domain name. The URL can be absolute or relative to the
current JSP file. If it is absolute (beginning with a /), the pathname is
resolved by your Web or application server.
(2) flush="true"
In JSP 1.0, you must include flush="true", as it is not a default value.
--
【<jsp:plugin>】
Downloads a Java plugin to the client Web browser to execute an applet or
Bean.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:plugin
type="bean|applet"
code="classFileName"
codebase="classFileDirectoryName"
[ name="instanceName" ]
[ archive="URIToArchive, ..." ]
[ align="bottom|top|middle|left|right" ]
[ height="displayPixels" ]
[ width="displayPixels" ]
[ hspace="leftRightPixels" ]
[ vspace="topBottomPixels" ]
[ jreversion="JREVersionNumber | 1.1" ]
[ nspluginurl="URLToPlugin" ]
[ iepluginurl="URLToPlugin" ] >
[ <jsp:params>
[ <jsp:param name="parameterName" value="parameterValue" /> ]+
</jsp:params> ]
[ <jsp:fallback> text message for user </jsp:fallback> ]
</jsp:plugin>
▲［Examples］
<jsp:plugin type=applet code="Molecule.class" codebase="/html">
<jsp:params>
<jsp:param name="molecule" value="molecules/benzene.mol" />
</jsp:params>
<jsp:fallback>
<p>Unable to load applet</p>
</jsp:fallback>
</jsp:plugin>
▲ ［Description］
The <jsp:plugin> tag is replaced by either an <object> or <embed> tag, which
ever is most appropriate for the client Web browser (the <object> tag is for
browsers that use HTML 4.0).
The <jsp:params> element sends parameter names and values to an applet or
Bean at startup. The <jsp:fallback> element provides a message for the user
if the plugin does not start. If the plugin starts but the applet or Bean does
not, the plugin usually displays a popup window explaining the error to the
user.
The <jsp:plugin> tag takes most of its attributes from the HTML <applet> and
<object> tags (<applet> is defined in HTML 3.2 and <object> in HTML 4.0).
You may want to refer to the official HTML specifications in which these tags
are introduced:
For HTML 3.2: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32.html
For HTML 4.0: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/
▲[Attributes]
(1) type="bean|applet"
The type of object the plugin will execute. You must specify either bean
or applet, as this attribute has no default value.
(2)code="classFileName"
The name of the Java class file that the plugin will execute. You must
include the .class extension in the name following code. The filename is
relative to the directory named in the codebase attribute.
(3)codebase="classFileDirectoryName"
The absolute or relative path to the directory that contains the applet's
code. If you do not supply a value, the path of the JSP file that calls
<jsp:plugin> is used.
name="instanceName"
A name for the Bean or applet instance, which makes it possible for applets
or Beans called by the same JSP file to communicate with each other.
(4) archive="URIToArchive, ..."
A comma-separated list of paths that locate archive files to be preloaded
with a class loader located in the directory named in codebase. The archive
files are loaded securely, often over a network, and typically improve the
applet's performance.
(5)align="bottom|top|middle|left|right"
The positioning of the image displayed by the applet or Bean relative to the
line in the JSP result page that corresponds to the line in the JSP file
containing the <jsp:plugin> tag. The results of the different values are
listed below:
bottom Aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline of the text line.
top Aligns the top of the image with the top of the text line.
middle Aligns the vertical center of the image with the baseline of the text
line.
left Floats the image to the left margin and flows text along the image's
right side.
right Floats the image to the right margin and flows text along the image's
left side.
(6)height="displayPixels" width="displayPixels"
The initial height and width, in pixels, of the image the applet or Bean
displays, not counting any windows or dialog boxes the applet or Bean
brings up.
(7)hspace="leftRightPixels" vspace="topBottomPixels"
The amount of space, in pixels, to the left and right (or top and bottom)
of the image the applet or Bean displays. Must be a small nonzero number.
(8)jreversion="JREVersionNumber|1.1"
The version of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) the applet or Bean
requires. The default value is 1.1.
nspluginurl="URLToPlugin"
The URL where the user can download the JRE plugin for Netscape Navigator.
The value is a full URL, with a protocol name, optional port number, and
domain name.
(9)iepluginurl="URLToPlugin"
The URL where the user can download the JRE plugin for Internet Explorer.
The value is a full URL, with a protocol name, optional port number, and
domain name.
<jsp:params> [ <jsp:param name="parameterName" value="parameterValue" /> ]+
</jsp:params>
The parameters and values that you want to pass to the applet or Bean.
To specify more than one name and value, use multiple <jsp:param> tags
within the <jsp:params> element. Applets read parameters with the
java.applet.Applet.getParameter method.
<jsp:fallback> text message for user </jsp:fallback>
A text message to display for the user if the plugin cannot be started.
--
【<jsp:setProperty>】
Sets a property value or values in a Bean.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:setProperty
name="beanInstanceName"
{ property= "*" |
property="propertyName" [ param="parameterName" ] |
property="propertyName" value="{ string | <%= expression %> }"
}
/>
▲［Examples］
<jsp:setProperty name="mybean" property="*" />
<jsp:setProperty name="mybean" property="username" />
<jsp:setProperty name="mybean" property="username" value="Steve" />
▲［Description］
The <jsp:setProperty> tag sets the value of one or more properties in a
JavaBean component, using the Bean's set methods. You must use a
<jsp:useBean> tag to declare the Bean before you use <jsp:setProperty>.
The value of name in <jsp:setProperty> must match the value of id in
<jsp:useBean>.With <jsp:setProperty>, you can set property values in
several ways:
· By passing all of the values in the user's request (stored as parameters
in the request object) to matching properties in the Bean
· By passing a specific value in the request object to a matching property
or a property of a different name in the Bean
· By explicitly setting a Bean property to a value specified as a String or
the result of an expression
Each method of setting property values has its own syntax, as described in
the next section.
▲［Attributes and Usage］
· name="beanInstanceName"
The name of an instance of a Bean that has already been created or located
with a <jsp:useBean> tag. The value of name must match the value of id in
<jsp:useBean>. The <jsp:useBean> tag must appear before <jsp:setProperty>
in the same JSP file.
· property="*"
Stores all of the values in the request object parameters (called request
parameters) in matching Bean properties. The property names in the Bean
must match the request parameters. The parameter names usually come from
the elements of an HTML form, and the values come from the data the user
enters.
The values of the request parameters are always of type String. The String
values are converted to other data types so they can be stored in Bean
properties. The allowed Bean property types and their conversion methods
are shown
in TABLE 1-1.
How <jsp:setProperty> Converts Strings to Other Values
Property -------Type String Is Converted Using
boolean or Boolean-------- java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(String)
byte or Byte---------- java.lang.Byte.valueOf(String)
char or Character--------- java.lang.Character.valueOf(String)
double or Double---------- java.lang.Double.valueOf(String)
integer or Integer--------- java.lang.Integer.valueOf(String)
float or Float---------- java.lang.Float.valueOf(String)
long or Long------------ java.lang.Long.valueOf(String)
You can also use <jsp:setProperty> to set the value of an indexed property
in a Bean. The indexed property must have one of the types shown in TABLE
1-1, and the request value assigned to it must be an array of the same type.
The array elements are converted using the conversion methods shown in
TABLE 1-1.
If a request parameter has an empty or null value, the corresponding Bean
property is not set. Likewise, if the Bean has a property that does not
have a matching request parameter, the property value is not set.
property="propertyName" [ param="parameterName" ]
Sets one Bean property to the value of one request parameter. The request
parameter can have a different name than the Bean property, and if so, you
must specify param. If the Bean property and request parameter have the
same name, you can omit param.
If the parameter has an empty or null value, the corresponding Bean property
is not set.
You cannot use both the param and value attributes in a <jsp:setProperty>
tag.
property="propertyName" value="{ string | <%= expression %> }"
Sets one Bean property to a specific value. The value can be a String or
an Expression. If you use a String, it is converted to the Bean property's
data type, according to the conversion rules shown above in TABLE 1-1. If
you use an expression, the data type of the value of the expression must
match the data type of the Bean property.
If the parameter has an empty or null value, the corresponding Bean property
is not set.
You cannot use both the param and value attributes in a <jsp:setProperty>
tag.
--
【<jsp:useBean>】
Locates or instantiates a Bean with a specific name and scope.
▲［JSP Syntax］
<jsp:useBean
id="beanInstanceName"
scope="page|request|session|application"
{ class="package.class" |
type="package.class" |
class="package.class" type="package.class" |
beanName="{ package.class | <%= expression %> }" type="package.class"
}
{ /> |
> other tags </jsp:useBean>
}
▲［Examples］
<jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="session" class="session.Carts" />
<jsp:setProperty name="cart" property="*" />
<jsp:useBean id="checking" scope="session" class="bank.Checking" >
<jsp:setProperty name="checking" property="balance" value="0.0" />
</jsp:useBean>
▲［Description］
The <jsp:useBean> tag attempts to locates a Bean, or if the Bean does not
exist, instantiates it from a class or serialized template. To locate or
instantiate the Bean, <jsp:useBean> takes the following steps, in this order:
Attempts to locate a Bean with the scope and name you specify.
Defines an object reference variable with the name you specify.
If it finds the Bean, stores a reference to it in the variable. If you
specified type, gives the Bean that type.
If it does not find the Bean, instantiates it from the class you specify,
storing a reference to it in the new variable. If the class name represents
a serialized template, the Bean is instantiated by java.beans.Beans.
instantiate.
If it has instantiated (rather than located) the Bean, and if it has body
tags (between <jsp:useBean> and </jsp:useBean>), executes the body tags.
The body of a <jsp:useBean> tag often contains a <jsp:setProperty> tag that
defines property values in the object. As described in Step 5, the body tags
are only processed if <jsp:useBean> instantiates the Bean. If the Bean
already exists and <jsp:useBean> locates it, the body tags have no effect.
In JSP 1.0, <jsp:useBean> works with JavaBeans components, but not with ente
rprise beans. If you want to use enterprise beans, you can write a JSP file
that constructs a JavaBean component, and have the JavaBean component call t
he enterprise bean.
【Attributes and Usage】
(1) id="beanInstanceName"
Names a variable that identifies the Bean in the scope you specify. You can
use the variable name in expressions or scriptlets in the same JSP file.
The name is case sensitive and must conform to the naming conventions of the
page scripting language (if you use the Java programming language, the
conventions in the Java Language Specification). If the Bean has already been
created by another <jsp:useBean> tag, the value of id must match the value of
id used in the original <jsp:useBean> tag.
(2) scope="page|request|session|application"
Defines a scope in which the Bean exists and the variable named in id is
available. The default value is page.
(3)class="package.class"
Instantiates a Bean from a class, using the new keyword and the class constr
uctor. The class must not be abstract and must have a public, no-argument co
nstructor. The package and class name are case sensitive.
(4)class="package.class" type="package.class"
Instantiates a Bean from a class, using the new keyword and the class
constructor, and gives the Bean the type you specify in type. The class you
specify in class must not be abstract and must have a public, no-argument
constructor. The package and class names you use with both class and type are
case sensitive.
The value of type can be the same as class, a superclass of class, or an int
erface implemented by class.
(5) beanName="{ package.class | <%= expression %> }" type="package.class"
Instantiates a Bean from either a class or a serialized template, using the
java.beans.Beans.instantiate method, and gives the Bean the type specified
in type. Beans.instantiate checks whether a name represents a class or a seri
alized template. If the Bean is a serialized template, Beans.instantiate rea
ds the serialized form (with a name like package.class.ser) using a class lo
ader. For more information, see the JavaBeans API Specification.
The value of beanName is either a package and class name or an Expression th
at evaluates to a package and class name, and is passed to Beans.instantiate
. The value of type is a package and class name. The value of type can be
the same as beanName, a superclass of beanName, or an interface implemented by
beanName.
With both beanName and type, the package and class names are case sensitive.
(6)type="package.class"
If the Bean already exists in the specified scope, gives the Bean the type
you specify. If you use type without class or beanName, no Bean is
instantiated. The package and class name are case sensitive.
--
