在树莓派上用 python 做一个炫酷的天气预报
教大家如何在树莓派上自己动手做一个天气预报。此次教程需要大家有一定的python 基础，没有也没关系，文末我会放出我已写好的代码供大家下载。
首先在开始之前 需要申请高德地图API，去高德地图官网注册一下，然后创建一个天气应用（免费的），得到一个免费key。然后开始撸码了 （说一下，我用的是python 3）
1.下面给出调用高德地图API，获取天气数据的方法。将申请的key替换进url中，再将你的城市代码（网上可查，可以具体到区）替换下即可。
def GetWeatherInfo(): url = "http://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo?key=xxxxxxxxxxxxx&city=420115&extensions=all" #将xxxxxx替换为你申请的key,city代码替换为你的城市代码 try: html = requests.get(url) data = json.loads(html.text) # #将JSON编码的字符串转换回Python数据结构 # output result of json # print(data) return data except: return None
2.系统信息及配置
# coding = utf-8 import subprocess import time import os #device :eth0,wlan0 def get_ip(device): ip = subprocess.check_output("ip -4 addr show " + device + " | grep inet | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d/ -f1", shell = True).strip() return ip # Return % of CPU used by user as a character string #def getCPUuse(): # return(str(os.popen("top -n1 | awk '/Cpu\(s\):/ {print $2}'").readline().strip())) def getCPUuse(): #calculate CPU with two short time, time2 - time1 time1 = os.popen('cat /proc/stat').readline().split()[1:5] time.sleep(0.2) time2 = os.popen('cat /proc/stat').readline().split()[1:5] deltaUsed = int(time2[0])-int(time1[0])+int(time2[2])-int(time1[2]) deltaTotal = deltaUsed + int(time2[3])-int(time1[3]) cpuUsage = float(deltaUsed)/float(deltaTotal)*100 return cpuUsage def net_stat(): net = [] f = open("/proc/net/dev") lines = f.readlines() f.close() for line in lines[2:]: con = line.split() """ intf = {} intf['interface'] = con[0].lstrip(":") intf['ReceiveBytes'] = int(con[1]) intf['ReceivePackets'] = int(con[2]) intf['ReceiveErrs'] = int(con[3]) intf['ReceiveDrop'] = int(con[4]) intf['ReceiveFifo'] = int(con[5]) intf['ReceiveFrames'] = int(con[6]) intf['ReceiveCompressed'] = int(con[7]) intf['ReceiveMulticast'] = int(con[8]) intf['TransmitBytes'] = int(con[9]) intf['TransmitPackets'] = int(con[10]) intf['TransmitErrs'] = int(con[11]) intf['TransmitDrop'] = int(con[12]) intf['TransmitFifo'] = int(con[13]) intf['TransmitFrames'] = int(con[14]) intf['TransmitCompressed'] = int(con[15]) intf['TransmitMulticast'] = int(con[16]) """ intf = dict( zip( ( 'interface','ReceiveBytes','ReceivePackets', 'ReceiveErrs','ReceiveDrop','ReceiveFifo', 'ReceiveFrames','ReceiveCompressed','ReceiveMulticast', 'TransmitBytes','TransmitPackets','TransmitErrs', 'TransmitDrop', 'TransmitFifo','TransmitFrames', 'TransmitCompressed','TransmitMulticast' ), ( con[0].rstrip(":"),int(con[1]),int(con[2]), int(con[3]),int(con[4]),int(con[5]), int(con[6]),int(con[7]),int(con[8]), int(con[9]),int(con[10]),int(con[11]), int(con[12]),int(con[13]),int(con[14]), int(con[15]),int(con[16]), ) ) ) net.append(intf) return net
3.主程序。执行文件
#encoding: utf-8 import pygame import time import weatherAPI import SystemInfo from datetime import datetime # 显示图片函数 def ShowPicture(picturepath,x0,y0): background=pygame.image.load(picturepath) background.convert_alpha() window.blit(background,(x0,y0)) return def ShowCircle(): pygame.draw.circle(window,pygame.Color(255,255,255),(width/2,height/2),radius,fill) return # 划线函数，起始坐标，终点坐标 def ShowLine(x0,y0,x1,y1): pygame.draw.line(window,pygame.Color(255,255,255),(x0,y0),(x1,y1),fill) return Yellow=(255,255,0) Red=(255,0,0) LightBlue=(190,190,255) Green=(0,255,0) Black=(0,0,0) White=(255,255,255) # 画框函数 def ShowRec(x0,y0,x1,y1,color,fill): pygame.draw.rect(window,color,(x0,y0,x1,y1),fill) return # 字符串显示函数 def ShowStr(mystring,x0,y0,size): font=pygame.font.Font('gkai00mp.ttf',size,bold=1) textSuface=font.render(mystring,1,pygame.Color(255,255,255)) window.blit(textSuface,(x0,y0)) return def ShowStr2(mystring,x0,y0,size): font=pygame.font.Font('gkai00mp.ttf',size,bold=1) textSuface=font.render(mystring,1,pygame.Color(255,255,0)) window.blit(textSuface,(x0,y0)) return def ShowStr3(mystring,x0,y0,size): font=pygame.font.Font('gkai00mp.ttf',size,bold=1) textSuface=font.render(mystring,1,pygame.Color(0,255,0)) window.blit(textSuface,(x0,y0)) return #背景参数设置 width=1280 height=800 fill=1 #初始化背景 pygame.init() window=pygame.display.set_mode((width,height),pygame.FULLSCREEN)#全屏 # window=pygame.display.set_mode((width,height))#不全屏 window.fill(pygame.Color(0,0,0)) # back=pygame.image.load(r"/home/pi/ccj/c.jpg") #图片位置 loop=0 last_ip = ip = '' updatingtime="" Title_X=width WeatherValidation=False while True: # window.blit(back,(0,0)) #对齐的坐标 window.fill(pygame.Color(0,0,0)) #背景色0为黑 # ShowPicture("a_3.gif",20,450) #draw grids #ShowStr(u"时间",10,20,80) ShowRec(10,10,width-20,height-80,White,1) #画一个大框 ShowLine(10,height/5,width-10,height/5) ShowLine(10,height/5*3,width-10,height/5*3) ShowLine(width/2,height/5,width/2,height-70) ShowLine(width/4,height/5*3,width/4,height-70) ShowLine(width/4*3,height/5*3,width/4*3,height-70) #time show mylocaltime=time.localtime() myclock=time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",mylocaltime)#13:15:03 2017-04-21 ShowStr(myclock,0,0,180) mydate=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",mylocaltime)#2017-04-21 ShowStr(mydate,810,5,90) mytime=time.strftime("%A",mylocaltime)#Thursday ShowStr(mytime,830,90,85) name = "自动化实验室欢迎您" ShowStr2(name,width/2+10,height/5*2-140,52) ip = SystemInfo.get_ip('wlan0') # ip = SystemInfo.get_ip('eth0') cpu_usage =SystemInfo.getCPUuse() ShowStr(ip,width/2+100,height/5*2-90,48) ShowStr("ip:",width/2+10,height/5*2-90,52) #netspeed show NetInfoOld=SystemInfo.net_stat() time.sleep(1) NetInfoNew=SystemInfo.net_stat() DownloadSpeed=(NetInfoNew[0]["ReceiveBytes"]-NetInfoOld[0]["ReceiveBytes"])/1048576 #last second total flow -current second total flow UploadSpeed=(NetInfoNew[0]["TransmitBytes"]-NetInfoOld[0]["TransmitBytes"])/1048576 ShowRec(width/2+20,height/5*2-40,DownloadSpeed/10*600+20,48,Green,0) ShowRec(width/2+20,height/5*2+10,UploadSpeed/10*600+20,48,LightBlue,0) ShowStr("↓:"+str("%3.2f"%(DownloadSpeed))+"MB/s",width/2+20,height/5*2-40,48) ShowStr("↑:"+str("%3.2f"%(UploadSpeed))+"MB/s",width/2+20,height/5*2+10,48) #cpu_usage show ShowRec(width/2+20,height/5*2+60,cpu_usage/100*600+60,48,Yellow,0) ShowStr("CPU usage:"+str("%2d"%cpu_usage)+"%",width/2+20,height/5*2+110,48) if loop % 60==0 : future = datetime.strptime('2019-1-1 00:00:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') #当前时间 now = datetime.now() #求时间差 delta = future - now hour = delta.seconds/60/60 minute = delta.seconds/60 seconds = delta.seconds - hour*60*60 - minute*60 # print_now=now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # print("今天是：",print_now) # print("距离 2019-02-01 \"work\" 还剩下：%d天"%delta.days) # print(delta.days,hour, minute, seconds) ShowStr2("倒计时：%dH (%dMin)"%(hour,minute),width/4*2+width/32+20,height/5*3+height/30+235,45) # #########################本地信息获取完成####################################### # print ("↓:"+str("%3.1f"%(DownloadSpeed))+"MB/s") # print ("↑:"+str("%3.1f"%(UploadSpeed))+"MB/s") #print("CPU usage:"+str("%2d"%cpu_usage)+"%") # ########weather show#################################### if loop % 10800==0 : #update per 3 hours jsonArr=weatherAPI.GetWeatherInfo() if jsonArr!=None : #记录请求数据时间 updatingtime=time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",mylocaltime) if jsonArr["status"]!="1": print (jsonArr["msg"]) WeatherValidation=False else: result=jsonArr["forecasts"][0] WeatherValidation=True #print (result["city"],result["weather"],result["temp"],result["temphigh"],result["templow"]) if WeatherValidation==True: # AQI=result["aqi"] # index=result["index"] # index0=index[0] # daily=result["daily"] # day1=daily[1]#明天天气预报 # day2=daily[2]#明天天气预报 # day3=daily[3]#明天天气预报 # day4=daily[4]#明天天气预报 # ## #室外温湿度 # ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["img"]+".png",width/16,height/5+150) ShowStr("武汉市",width/32,height/5+10,60) ShowStr(result["city"],width/32,height/5+80,60) ShowStr(result["casts"][0]["dayweather"],width/32-25,height/5*2+50,120) ShowStr(result["casts"][0]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/4,height/5,160) ShowStr("气温最低："+result["casts"][0]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/4-10,height/5*2-20,48) ShowStr("接下来转："+result["casts"][0]["nightweather"],width/4-10,height/5*2+50,48) # ShowStr("zhesgii",width/2+20,height/5+10,120) ShowStr("风力："+result["casts"][0]["daypower"]+"级",width/4-10,height/5*2+110,48) # ## #空气质量 # ShowStr("PM2.5:",width/2+280,height/5+120,32) # ShowStr(AQI["pm2_5"],width/2+400,height/5-20,200) # ShowStr("空气质量:"+AQI["quality"],width/2+240,height/5*2-40,32) ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][0]["dayweather"]+".png",width/32+60,height/5+145) # if Title_X<=-100: # Title_X=width # else: # Title_X=Title_X-40 # ShowStr(index0["detail"],Title_X,height-50,40) # #未来几天天气预报 ShowStr("明天："+result["casts"][1]["date"],width/32,height/5*3+height/30-10,30) ShowStr(result["casts"][1]["dayweather"],width/32,height/5*3+height/30+30,50) ShowStr(result["casts"][2]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/32,height/5*3+height/30+80,70) ShowStr("气温Min："+result["casts"][1]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+140,45) ShowStr("未来转："+result["casts"][1]["nightweather"],width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+180,45) ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][1]["dayweather"]+".png",width/32+170,height/5*3+height/30+45) # ShowPicture("pictures/"+day1["day"]["img"]+".png",width/32,height/5*3+height/10) # ## ShowStr("后天："+result["casts"][2]["date"],width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/30-10,30) ShowStr(result["casts"][2]["dayweather"],width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/30+30,50) ShowStr(result["casts"][2]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/30+80,70) ShowStr("气温Min："+result["casts"][2]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/4+width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+140,45) ShowStr("未来转："+result["casts"][2]["nightweather"],width/4+width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+180,45) ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][2]["dayweather"]+".png",width/4+width/32+170,height/5*3+height/30+45) # ShowStr(day2["day"]["weather"],width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/5-40,100) # ShowStr(day2["day"]["windpower"],width/4+width/32+70,height/5*3+height/10,64) # ShowStr(day2["night"]["templow"]+"~"+day2["day"]["temphigh"]+"℃",width/4+width/32,height-130,64) # ShowPicture("pictures/"+day2["day"]["img"]+".png",width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/10) # ## ShowStr("大后天："+result["casts"][3]["date"],width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30-10,30) ShowStr(result["casts"][3]["dayweather"],width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+30,50) ShowStr(result["casts"][3]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+80,70) ShowStr("气温Min："+result["casts"][3]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+140,45) ShowStr("未来转："+result["casts"][3]["nightweather"],width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+180,45) ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][3]["dayweather"]+".png",width/4*2+width/32-25+170,height/5*3+height/30+45) # ShowStr(day3["day"]["weather"],width/4*2+width/32,height/5*3+height/5-40,100) # ShowStr(day3["day"]["windpower"],width/4*2+width/32+70,height/5*3+height/10,64) # ShowStr(day3["night"]["templow"]+"~"+day2["day"]["temphigh"]+"℃",width/4*2+width/32,height-130,64) # ShowPicture("pictures/"+day3["day"]["img"]+".png",width/4*2+width/32,height/5*3+height/10) # ## ShowPicture("pictures/cj.png",width/4*3+width/32,height/5*3+height/30-15) # ShowStr(day4["day"]["weather"],width/4*3+width/32,height/5*3+height/5-40,100) # ShowStr(day4["day"]["windpower"],width/4*3+width/32+70,height/5*3+height/10,64) # ShowStr(day4["night"]["templow"]+"~"+day2["day"]["temphigh"]+"℃",width/4*3+width/32,height-130,64) # ShowPicture("pictures/"+day4["day"]["img"]+".png",width/4*3+width/32,height/5*3+height/10) # #记录请求数据时间 ShowStr3("Last update:"+updatingtime,width/4*3+15,height/5*3,30) ShowStr2("这里是滚动字幕显示区，加循环可实现动态效果",width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+235,45) #update pygame.display.update() loop +=1 #全屏 #for event in pygame.event.get(): # if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN: # running=False pygame.quit()
公众号回复 “树莓派天气” 即可下载我为大家打包好的文件。下载好文件以后，解压文件会得到如下文件：1,天气图标文件夹pictures，2,字体文件gkai00mp.ttf，3，系统配置文件SystemInfo.py，4,获取天气数据文件weatherAPI.py，5,主程序pyMain.py 。将这些文件放在同一文件夹下，复制拷贝到树莓派上，为文件夹赋予权限，命令sudo chmod 777 文件夹名。最后终端执行命令运行主程序（sudo python3 pyMain.py）。此时应该就可以看到预报的画面。能看懂代码的人可自行修改 具体显示的背景、颜色、大小、布局、位置 、显示字体大小等。
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