public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        // 一次读取一个字符
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");
        int b;
        while ((b = fr.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.println((char)b);
        }
        fr.close();

        // 一次读取多个字符
        FileReader fr1 = new FileReader("a.txt");
        int len;
        char[] c = new char[1024];
        while ((len = fr1.read(c)) != -1) {
            System.out.println(new String(c));
        }
        fr1.close();
    }