Django 验证码

第一部分：第三方库django-simple-captcha

前提条件：

安装pip install django-simple-captcha， pip install Pillow
将captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
运行python manager.py migrations 和 python manage.py migrate

url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns

url(r'^captcha/', include('captcha.urls')) # 这是生成验证码的图片

1、创建Forms

from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField

class CaptchaForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=100, label='username')
    password = forms.FloatField(max_value=100, label='password')
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={"invalid": u"验证码错误"}) # 为生成的验证码图片，以及输入框

2、Views逻辑

class RegisterView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        register_form = CaptchaForm()   # 实例化CapatchaForm
        return render(request, "register.html", locals())

    def post(self, request):
        register_form = CaptchaForm(request.POST)　　# 实例化CapatchaForm

        if register_form.is_valid():
            username = request.POST.get("username", "")
            password = request.POST.get("password", "")
            User.objects.create(username=username, password=make_password(password))
            return render(request, "register_success.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "register.html", locals())

3、HTML代码

<form class="form-signin" action="{% url "register" %}" method="post">
        <h2 class="form-signin-heading">Register</h2>

        <label for="recipient-name" class="control-label">Username:</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" placeholder="Username" required autofocus>

        <label for="recipient-name" class="control-label">Password:</label>
        <input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>

        <label for="recipient-name" class="control-label">Captcha:</label>
        {{ register_form.captcha }}

        <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Register</button>
        {% csrf_token %}
</form>

4、JQuery代码（实现验证码刷新）

<script>
    // 添加样式
    $(function(){
        $(".captcha").css({
            "cursor": "pointer"
        });
        $("#id_captcha_1").addClass("form-control")
    });

    // ajax刷新验证码
    $(".captcha").click(function () {
        $.getJSON("/captcha/refresh/",
                function (result) {
                    $(".captcha").attr("src", result["image_url"]);
                    $("#id_captcha_0").val(result['key'])
                });
    });
</script>

最终效果：

第二部分：自己写Django验证码

前提条件：

安装pip install Pillow
Monaco.ttf字体文件

BytesI

"""
生成验证码功能；
使用方法：
def code(request):
    from io import BytesIO()
    img_obj, code = create_validate_code()
    stream = BytesIO()
    img_obj.save(stream, 'png')
    request.session['check_code'] = code
    return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
"""

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
# pip3 install Pillow

_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy"  # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper()  # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(0, 10)))  # 数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))


def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
                         chars=init_chars,
                         mode="RGB",
                         bg_color=(255, 255, 255),
                         fg_color=(0, 0, 255),
                         font_size=18,
                         font_type="Monaco.ttf",
                         length=4,
                         draw_lines=True,
                         n_line=(1, 2),
                         draw_points=True,
                         point_chance=2):
    '''
    @todo: 生成验证码图片
    @param size: 图片的大小，格式（宽，高），默认为(120, 30)
    @param chars: 允许的字符集合，格式字符串
    @param img_type: 图片保存的格式，默认为GIF，可选的为GIF，JPEG，TIFF，PNG
    @param mode: 图片模式，默认为RGB
    @param bg_color: 背景颜色，默认为白色
    @param fg_color: 前景色，验证码字符颜色，默认为蓝色#0000FF
    @param font_size: 验证码字体大小
    @param font_type: 验证码字体，默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
    @param length: 验证码字符个数
    @param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
    @param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围，格式元组，默认为(1, 2)，只有draw_lines为True时有效
    @param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
    @param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率，大小范围[0, 100]
    @return: [0]: PIL Image实例
    @return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
    '''

    width, height = size # 宽， 高
    img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 创建图形
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 创建画笔

    def get_chars():
        '''生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式'''
        return random.sample(chars, length)

    def create_lines():
        '''绘制干扰线'''
        line_num = random.randint(*n_line) # 干扰线条数

        for i in range(line_num):
            # 起始点
            begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            #结束点
            end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_points():
        '''绘制干扰点'''
        chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 大小限制在[0, 100]

        for w in range(width):
            for h in range(height):
                tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
                if tmp > 100 - chance:
                    draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_strs():
        '''绘制验证码字符'''
        c_chars = get_chars()
        strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格隔开

        font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
        font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)

        draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
                    strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)

        return ''.join(c_chars)

    if draw_lines:
        create_lines()
    if draw_points:
        create_points()
    strs = create_strs()

    # 图形扭曲参数
    params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
              0,
              0,
              0,
              1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
              0.001,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
              ]
    img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 创建扭曲

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）

    return img, s

Identify Code代码

"""
生成验证码功能；
使用方法：
def code(request):
    from io import BytesIO()
    img_obj, code = create_validate_code()
    stream = BytesIO()
    img_obj.save(stream, 'png')
    request.session['check_code'] = code
    return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
"""

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
# pip3 install Pillow

_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy"  # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper()  # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(0, 10)))  # 数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))

def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
                         chars=init_chars,
                         img_type="GIF",
                         mode="RGB",
                         bg_color=(255, 255, 255),
                         fg_color=(0, 0, 255),
                         font_size=18,
                         font_type="Monaco.ttf",
                         length=4,
                         draw_lines=True,
                         n_line=(1, 2),
                         draw_points=True,
                         point_chance=2):
    '''
    @todo: 生成验证码图片
    @param size: 图片的大小，格式（宽，高），默认为(120, 30)
    @param chars: 允许的字符集合，格式字符串
    @param img_type: 图片保存的格式，默认为GIF，可选的为GIF，JPEG，TIFF，PNG
    @param mode: 图片模式，默认为RGB
    @param bg_color: 背景颜色，默认为白色
    @param fg_color: 前景色，验证码字符颜色，默认为蓝色#0000FF
    @param font_size: 验证码字体大小
    @param font_type: 验证码字体，默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
    @param length: 验证码字符个数
    @param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
    @param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围，格式元组，默认为(1, 2)，只有draw_lines为True时有效
    @param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
    @param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率，大小范围[0, 100]
    @return: [0]: PIL Image实例
    @return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
    '''

    width, height = size # 宽， 高
    img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 创建图形
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 创建画笔

    def get_chars():
        '''生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式'''
        return random.sample(chars, length)

    def create_lines():
        '''绘制干扰线'''
        line_num = random.randint(*n_line) # 干扰线条数

        for i in range(line_num):
            # 起始点
            begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            #结束点
            end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_points():
        '''绘制干扰点'''
        chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 大小限制在[0, 100]

        for w in range(width):
            for h in range(height):
                tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
                if tmp > 100 - chance:
                    draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_strs():
        '''绘制验证码字符'''
        c_chars = get_chars()
        strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格隔开

        font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
        font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)

        draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
                    strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)

        return ''.join(c_chars)

    if draw_lines:
        create_lines()
    if draw_points:
        create_points()
    strs = create_strs()

    # 图形扭曲参数
    params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
              0,
              0,
              0,
              1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
              0.001,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
              ]
    img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 创建扭曲

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）

    return img, strs

View Code

Djaong中调用代码

class LoginView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "login.html")

    def post(self, request):
        code = request.POST.get("code")
        if code.upper() == request.session['identify_code'].upper():
            username = request.POST.get("username", "")
            password = request.POST.get("password", "")
            user_obj = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
            if user_obj:
                request.session["is_login"] = True
                request.session["user_info"] = {"user_id": user_obj.nid, "user_name": user_obj.username}
                return redirect(reverse("index"))
        return render(request, "login.html", {'msg': "验证码错误"})


class IdentifyCodeView(View):
    """
    验证码生成视图
    """
    def get(self, request):
        img_obj, code = create_validate_code()
        stream = BytesIO()
        img_obj.save(stream, 'png')
        request.session['identify_code'] = code
        return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())

View Code

HTML代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load staticfiles %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        #code{
            cursor: pointer;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
    <form action="{% url "login" %}" method="post">
        <div><input type="text" name="username"></div>
        <div><input type="password" name="password"></div>
        <div><input type="text" name="code"><img src="{% url "identify_code" %}" id="code"></div>
        <div>{{ msg }}</div>
        <div><input type="submit" value="提交"></div>
        {% csrf_token %}
    </form>
</div>
</body>
<script src="{% static "js/jquery-3.2.1.js" %}"></script>
<script>
    $("#code").click(function () {
        $(this)[0].src = $(this)[0].src + "?";
    })
</script>
</html>

View Code

posted @ 2017-05-31 11:24 Vincen_shen 阅读(389) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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