Perl的CPAN和CPANPLUS安装模块介绍
说明：
蓝色字体是终端上输出的文字；
红色字体是我们输入的指令；
先把步骤写上，免得看我下面叙述感到啰嗦：
一 CPAN
$cpan
cpan>install Tkx
???感觉安装很慢，那就配置下
capn>o conf urllist push http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/
上面的那个镜像是国内的，国内还有其他镜像，参考http://blog.csdn.net/q1241580040/article/details/47671873
cpan>o conf commit
得到：commit: wrote '/Users/xxxxxx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'
请看你自己的MyConfig.pm的路径
然后打开.pm文件，找到最后有个urllist=[...]的，
然后可以把那些网址删除，再把国内网站的添加上，保存退出，再次安装模块，再也不需要等待。。。。。
有参考：http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3610007-1-1.html
二 CPANPLUS
使用CPANPLUS的话,就能自动给依赖的模块也装好
cpan>install CPANPLUS
$cpanp
CPAN Terminal>s reconfigure
7> Select mirrors
Section to configure: [1]:7
1> Mirror
Please choose an option [1]:1
2> Asia
Pick a continent [2]:2
1> ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
2> ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
3> ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
4> http://cpan.communilink.net
5> http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
6> http://mirrors.163.com
7> http://mirrors.devlib.org
8> http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn
9> http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
10> http://mirrors.sohu.com
11> http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
12> http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
13> rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
14> rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
15> Custom
16> View
17> Up
18> Quit
Please pick a site: :6 10 8 11
18> Quit
Please pick a site: :18
9> Save & exit
Section to configure: [1]:9
安装模块
CPAN Terminal>i CSS
你没看错就是i＋模块名完成～～～～～详情参看：http://www.php-oa.com/2010/02/04/cpanplus-per.html
如安装完成，就没必要再看下面的啰嗦：
1.CPAN
Mac os下通过CPAN安装第三方模块很方便，只需要：
xxxxxx:~ xxxxx$cpan
Terminal does not support AddHistory.
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.00)
Enter 'h' for help.
cpan[1]>install [module_name]
。。。。。。。。
但这时你通常感觉安装会很慢甚至卡住一样，最后可能告诉你timeout什么的结束，反正是安装特别不爽。
当我注意到CPAN安装时资源是从国外的镜像上抓取的，参看下面的浅蓝位置：
Fetching with LWP:
http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/authors/id/R/RU/RUBYKAT/SQLite-Work-0.16.tar.gz
这里是http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/，是因为我设置过，通常默认的是国外网站，你可对比下这时我想起CPAN在中国有很多的镜像网站在上面下载资源很快，那有没有方法直接从中国的镜像下下载呢，然后我就搜了下，参考了：
http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3610007-1-1.html
里面的回答，然后自己设置下：
xxxxx:~ xxxx$cpan
Terminal does not support AddHistory.
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.00)
Enter 'h' for help.
cpan[1]>o conf help
Known options:
commit commit session changes to disk
defaults reload default config values from disk
help this help
init enter a dialog to set all or a set of parameters
Edit key values as in the following (the "o" is a literal letter o):
o conf build_cache 15
o conf build_dir "/foo/bar"
o conf urllist shift
o conf urllist unshift ftp://ftp.foo.bar/
o conf inhibit_startup_message 1
cpan[2]>o conf urllist push http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/
Please use 'o conf commit' to make the config permanent!
cpan[3]>o conf commit
commit: wrote '/Users/xxxxxx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'
也看到提示了保存到了我的个人文件夹的config中
再次进入cpan，当你欣喜万千再次安装模块时，可发现还是从原来那个镜像抓取，注意到Myconfig.pm这个文件，然后通过上面提供的路径打开Myconfig.pm，找到最后几行，有个
'urllist' =>......的，会看到刚才加入的163的镜像在最后，而它是默认从第一个镜像使用的，除非前面一个镜像查不到这个模块才会轮到下一个，而这种情况又是极少见的，所以把163的网址，放到第一个就ok了，保存退出，再次安装你会看到安装信息满屏滚动你会心潮澎湃的，哈哈～～～
2.CPANPLUS
因为我曾配置过，所以显示步骤有可能有差异，请自己斟酌
xxxx:~ xxxx$cpanp
CPANPLUS::Shell::Default -- CPAN exploration and module installation (v0.9154)
*** Please report bugs to <bug-cpanplus@rt.cpan.org>.
*** Using CPANPLUS::Backend v0.9154.
*** ReadLine support available (try 'i Term::ReadLine::Perl').
*** Type 'p' now to show start up log
Did you know...
You can run an interactive setup using 's reconfigure'
CPAN Terminal>s reconfigure
=================> MAIN MENU <=================
Welcome to the CPANPLUS configuration. Please select which
parts you wish to configure
Defaults are taken from your current configuration.
If you would save now, your settings would be written to:
CPANPLUS::Config::User
1> Select Configuration file
2> Setup CLI Programs
3> Setup CPANPLUS Home directory
4> Setup FTP/Email settings
5> Setup basic preferences
6> Setup installer settings
7> Select mirrors
8> Edit configuration file
9> Save & exit
10> Quit without saving
Section to configure: [1]:7
You can select VIEW to see your current selection and QUIT when you
are done.
1> Mirror
2> Custom
3> View
4> Quit
Please choose an option [1]:1
Now, we are going to fetch the mirror list for first-time configurations.
This may take a while...
1> Africa
2> Asia
3> Europe
4> North America
5> Oceania
6> South America
7> Custom
8> Up
9> Quit
Pick a continent [2]:2
You can enter multiple sites by separating them by a space.
For example:
1 4 2 5
1> ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
2> ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
3> ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
4> http://cpan.communilink.net
5> http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
6> http://mirrors.163.com
7> http://mirrors.devlib.org
8> http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn
9> http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
10> http://mirrors.sohu.com
11> http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
12> http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
13> rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
14> rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
15> Custom
16> View
17> Up
18> Quit
Please pick a site: :6 10 8 11
Selected http://mirrors.163.com 0 hosts selected thus far.
Selected http://mirrors.sohu.com 0 hosts selected thus far.
Selected http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn 0 hosts selected thus far.
Selected http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn 0 hosts selected thus far.
You can enter multiple sites by separating them by a space.
For example:
1 4 2 5
1> ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
2> ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
3> ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
4> http://cpan.communilink.net
5> http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
6> http://mirrors.163.com
7> http://mirrors.devlib.org
8> http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn
9> http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
10> http://mirrors.sohu.com
11> http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
12> http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
13> rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
14> rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn
15> Custom
16> View
17> Up
18> Quit
Please pick a site: :18
Your host configuration has been saved
=================> MAIN MENU <=================
Welcome to the CPANPLUS configuration. Please select which
parts you wish to configure
Defaults are taken from your current configuration.
If you would save now, your settings would be written to:
CPANPLUS::Config::User
1> Select Configuration file
2> Setup CLI Programs
3> Setup CPANPLUS Home directory
4> Setup FTP/Email settings
5> Setup basic preferences
6> Setup installer settings
7> Select mirrors
8> Edit configuration file
9> Save & exit
10> Quit without saving
Section to configure: [1]:9
Quitting setup, changes are saved to 'CPANPLUS::Config::User'
CPANPLUS 使用
1. CPANPLUS 中安装模块,按i:
|
1
|
CPAN Terminal> i Bundle::CPAN
|
2. CPANPLUS 中删除模块,按u:
|
1
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CPAN Terminal> u YAML
|
3. CPANPLUS 中查找模块,按m:
|
1
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CPAN Terminal>m Smart::Comments
|
4. CPANPLUS 中查找作者的模块,按a:
|
1
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CPAN Terminal>a kai
|
5. CPANPLUS 中更新所有有新版本的模块,按下o:
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
CPAN Terminal> o
1
5.22 5.24 AnyEvent MLEHMANN
2
0.01 1.024 Apache::Filter KWILLIAMS
3
0.01 0.11 Apache::Module DOUGM
4
0.09 0.10 Apache::Reload PHRED
|
6. 没事也可以更新 CPANPLUS 自己:
|
1
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CPAN Terminal>s selfupdate all
|
还有很多小功能,以后可能会用这个换掉CPANPLUS本身
可以按e来加入目录到@INC,可以按x来更新index.
