Google KickStart 2020 RoundB D题
题意:有一个W列H行的竞技场,机器人要从(1,1)走到(W,H)。竞技场中有一个左上坐标(L,U),右下坐标(R,D)的矩形黑洞。
机器人只能向右走或向下走,概率各为1/2。如果机器人在最后一行,则只能往右走;如果机器人在最后一列,则只能往下走。
问机器人不掉进黑洞成功到达(W,H)的概率。
数据范围:
1 ≤ T ≤ 100. 1 ≤ U ≤ D ≤ H. 1 ≤ L ≤ R ≤ W. 1 ≤ W ≤ 10^5. 1 ≤ H ≤ 10^5.
分析:机器人要么从黑洞左下方绕过去,要么从黑洞右上方绕过去,时间复杂度O(n)。
注意:由于“如果机器人在最后一行,则只能往右走;如果机器人在最后一列,则只能往下走”,因此最后一行和最后一列的概率一定要单独算!
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<sstream>
typedef long long LL;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 200000 + 10;
const double eps = 1e-8;
int dcmp(double a, double b){
if(fabs(a - b) < eps) return 0;
return a < b ? -1 : 1;
}
double Log2[MAXN], last_r[MAXN], last_c[MAXN];
int W, H, L, U, R, D;
void init_log2(){
Log2[0] = 0;
for(int i = 1; i < MAXN; ++i){
Log2[i] = Log2[i - 1] + log2(i);
}
}
void init_last(){
last_r[1] = pow(2, Log2[1 + H - 2] - Log2[1 - 1] - Log2[H - 1] - (double)(1 + H - 2));
for(int i = 2; i <= W; ++i){
last_r[i] = last_r[i - 1] + 0.5 * pow(2, Log2[i + (H - 1) - 2] - Log2[i - 1] - Log2[(H - 1) - 1] - (double)(i + (H - 1) - 2));
}
last_c[1] = pow(2, Log2[W + 1 - 2] - Log2[W - 1] - Log2[1 - 1] - (double)(W + 1 - 2));
for(int i = 2; i <= H; ++i){
last_c[i] = last_c[i - 1] + 0.5 * pow(2, Log2[(W - 1) + i - 2] - Log2[(W - 1) - 1] - Log2[i - 1] - (double)((W - 1) + i - 2));
}
}
bool judge(int x, int y){
return x >= 1 && x <= W && y >= 1 && y <= H;
}
int main(){
init_log2();
int T;
scanf("%d", &T);
for(int Case = 1; Case <= T; ++Case){
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d", &W, &H, &L, &U, &R, &D);
init_last();
int x = L - 1;
int y = D + 1;
double ans = 0;
while(judge(x, y)){
if(y == H){
ans += last_r[x];
}
else{
ans += pow(2, Log2[x + y - 2] - Log2[x - 1] - Log2[y - 1] - (double)(x + y - 2));
}
--x;
++y;
}
x = R + 1;
y = U - 1;
while(judge(x, y)){
if(x == W){
ans += last_c[y];
}
else{
ans += pow(2, Log2[x + y - 2] - Log2[x - 1] - Log2[y - 1] - (double)(x + y - 2));
}
++x;
--y;
}
printf("Case #%d: %.8lf\n", Case, ans);
}
return 0;
}

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