如何使用find_first_of() algorithm?
find() algorithm一次只能找一個條件,若要同時找多個條件,需使用find_first_of()。
find_first_of()允許我們將要找的條件先放到另外一個container中,然後一起搜尋,結果傳回第一個找到的iterator。
此範例中我們想找出第一個出現的母音,因為母音有aeiou,若用find(),就得搜尋5次,若用find_first_of(),只需一行就可找出第一個母音。
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/*
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(C) OOMusou 2006 http://oomusou.cnblogs.com
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Filename : GenericAlgo_find_first_of.cpp
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Compiler : Visual C++ 8.0 / ISO C++
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Description : Demo how to use find_first_of() algorithm
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Release : 12/14/2006 1.0
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*/
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#include <iostream>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <string>
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using namespace std;
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int main() {
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string s = "To be or not to be is a question";
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string vowel = "aeiou";
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// first vowel in s
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cout << "First vowel in s " << endl;
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{
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string::iterator c = find_first_of(s.begin(), s.end(), vowel.begin(), vowel.end());
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if (c != s.end()) cout << *c << endl;
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}
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cout << endl;
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// All vowel in s using while(), more readable
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cout << "All vowel in s using while()" << endl;
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string::iterator s_begin = s.begin();
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while(s_begin != s.end()) {
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string::iterator c = find_first_of(s_begin, s.end(), vowel.begin(), vowel.end());
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if (c != s.end()) {
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cout << *c++ << " ";
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s_begin = c;
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}
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else {
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break;
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}
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}
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cout << endl << endl;
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// all vowel in s usng for, more compact
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cout << "All vowel in s using for()" << endl;
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for(string::iterator s_begin = s.begin(),c; s_begin != s.end(); s_begin = c) {
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c = find_first_of(s_begin, s.end(), vowel.begin(), vowel.end());
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if (c != s.end()) cout << *c++ << " "; else break;
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}
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cout << endl << endl;
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return 0;
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}
/* 2
(C) OOMusou 2006 http://oomusou.cnblogs.com3

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Filename : GenericAlgo_find_first_of.cpp5
Compiler : Visual C++ 8.0 / ISO C++6
Description : Demo how to use find_first_of() algorithm7
Release : 12/14/2006 1.08
*/9
#include <iostream>10
#include <algorithm>11
#include <string>12

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using namespace std;14
int main() {15
string s = "To be or not to be is a question";16
string vowel = "aeiou";17

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// first vowel in s19
cout << "First vowel in s " << endl;20
{21
string::iterator c = find_first_of(s.begin(), s.end(), vowel.begin(), vowel.end());22
if (c != s.end()) cout << *c << endl;23
}24

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cout << endl;26

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// All vowel in s using while(), more readable28
cout << "All vowel in s using while()" << endl;29
string::iterator s_begin = s.begin();30
while(s_begin != s.end()) {31
string::iterator c = find_first_of(s_begin, s.end(), vowel.begin(), vowel.end());32
if (c != s.end()) {33
cout << *c++ << " ";34
s_begin = c;35
}36
else {37
break;38
}39
}40

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cout << endl << endl;42

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// all vowel in s usng for, more compact44
cout << "All vowel in s using for()" << endl;45
for(string::iterator s_begin = s.begin(),c; s_begin != s.end(); s_begin = c) {46
c = find_first_of(s_begin, s.end(), vowel.begin(), vowel.end());47
if (c != s.end()) cout << *c++ << " "; else break;48
}49

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cout << endl << endl;51

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return 0;53
}
執行結果
First vowel in s
o
All vowel in s using while()
o e o o o e i a u e i o
All vowel in s using for()
o e o o o e i a u e i o
請按任意鍵繼續 . .
21,22行為find_first_of的標準用法,有兩個input range。
我們似乎無法滿足若只能找到一個母音的結果,若我們想找到所有的母音呢?若找到第一個母音後,則繼續從找到的位置的下一個繼續找,依直到找不到為止,29行到39行使用while(),這種寫法可讀性較佳,也顯示了while()仍有其價值,44行到48行使用for(),程式較精簡,不過可讀性較差,需要一點程度。



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