一种使用函数指针实现状态机的方法
结构定义
1 struct state_machine {
2 int state;
3
4 };
5
6 enum {
7 s1,
8 s2,
9
10 sn
11
};
假设s1为初始状态,状态变迁为s1->s2->...->sn。
常规实现
假设每次调用state_machine_handle时,输入data是变化的,不同的data会改变状态,伪代码框架如下。
1
void handle_s1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
// do something about state 1 4
if
sm -> state =
} 7
8
void handle_s2( struct state_machine * sm, void *
// do something about state 2 11
if
sm -> state =
} 14
15
void handle_sn_1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
// do something about state n-1 18
if
sm -> state =
} 21
22
void state_machine_handle( struct state_machine * sm, void *
switch (sm -> state)
case
break
29
case
break
33
case
break
} 37
}
void handle_s1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
2
{
3
// do something about state 1 4
if
(is_satisfy_s2(data))
5
sm -> state =
s2;
6
} 7
8
void handle_s2( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
9
{
10
// do something about state 2 11
if
(is_satisfy_s3(data))
12
sm -> state =
s3;
13
} 14
15
void handle_sn_1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
16
{
17
// do something about state n-1 18
if
(is_satisfy_sn(data))
19
sm -> state =
sn;
20
} 21
22
void state_machine_handle( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
23
{
24
switch (sm -> state)
{
25
case
s1:
26
handle_s1(sm,data);
27
break
;
28
29
case
s2:
30
handle_s2(sm,data);
31
break
;
32
33
case
sn:
34
handle_sn(sm,data);
35
break
;
36
} 37
} sm->state初始化为s1。
改进实现
为了免去丑陋的switch case分支结构,用成员函数指针handler替代了state,改进后的框架如下。
1
struct
typedef void ( * state_handler)( struct state_machine * , void *
4
struct state_machine
state_handler handler ; 6
7
}
9
void handle_s1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
// do something about state 1 12
if
sm -> handler = handle_s2 ; 14
} 15
16
void handle_s2( struct state_machine * sm, void *
// do something about state 2 19
if
sm -> handler = handle_s3;
21
23
void handle_sn_1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
// do something about state n-1 26
if
sm -> handler = handle_sn ;
28
30
void state_machine_handle( struct state_machine * sm, void *
sm -> handler
}
struct
state_machine;
2
typedef void ( * state_handler)( struct state_machine * , void *
);
3
4
struct state_machine
{
5
state_handler handler ; 6
7
}
;
8
9
void handle_s1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
10
{
11
// do something about state 1 12
if
(is_satisfy_s2(data))
13
sm -> handler = handle_s2 ; 14
} 15
16
void handle_s2( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
17
{
18
// do something about state 2 19
if
(is_satisfy_s3(data))
20
sm -> handler = handle_s3;
}
23
void handle_sn_1( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
24
{
25
// do something about state n-1 26
if
(is_satisfy_sn(data))
27
sm -> handler = handle_sn ;
}
30
void state_machine_handle( struct state_machine * sm, void *
data)
31
{
32
sm -> handler
(sm, data);
33
} sm->handler初始化为handle_s1,该方法在性能上应略优于常规方法,而且逻辑更清晰自然,非常适合于网络流的处理,在nginx中分析http和email协议时,得到了广泛应用。
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